Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. Cities and climate have tremendous interactions. Slight changes in one of the climatic factors disrupt the balance of civilizations. Hence, neglecting these factors makes cities to face with hazardous. Due to explosive population growth and urbanization, locating climatic compatible future cities is worldwide concern. The main goal of present study is identifying effective climate factors on future cities locating approach to low non-renewable energy consume and compatible with climate. For this purpose, using questionnaire from experts, pairwise comparison in Expert Choice software, and Micmac structural analysis, data were divided into 4 factors and 23 sub-factors. Results show that, the temperature and solar radiation factors have the highest effects and the lowest score dedicated to the wind factor. Micmac structural analysis shows that altitude, latitude, radiation direction, and distance from the sea factors are key and sensitive (driver) factors; radiation duration, time-dependent fluctuations, sky cover and sunshine hours, and precipitation factors are high risk (linkage) factors; atmospheric specifications, relative humidity fluctuations, heat gain, glacial days, horizontal pressure gradient factors are dependent factors and solar radiation fluctuations factor is independent (autonomous) factor.

The country of Iran like everywhere in the world, has turned to tall buildings with the motivation of saving land in the centers of big cities. But the experiences that the owners of high-level construction technology have gone through have not yet been acquired and the conditions for development in fields that were not present in its evolution have not been provided. A significant number of high-rise buildings without the support of a specialized study are necessary, which will result in huge losses and waste, which should be reduced as much as possible. The failed experience of the last few decades of tall residential buildings i requires an analytical study in it. The purpose of the current research is to explain the role the relationship between type and model in the structural layers of typology. The cognitive reduction method can be done with two completely different goals. Initially, the refinement of a design of its main elements leaves a diagram of the basic structure. This diagram may correspond to diagrams of other designs, in which case we use the term typological diagram. Such a diagram can be called the nature of a species. Secondly, by comparing a design resulting from the reduction of the taxonomic diagram of a species with a design that was probably adapted from it, we can get an idea of the changes in the design according to the original species. Everything is detailed and defined in the model, but everything is more or less uncertain.

Population expansion and excessive urbanization, especially after the industrial revolution, cities face problems such as lack of housing, poverty, types of pollution, traffic and Congestion, decrease in connection with nature, loss of desirable urban spaces, decrease in health level, etc. are faced. According to the needs of their cities, different countries have implemented projects using the concept of a healthy city, among which we can refer to the healthy city project. the current research is pragmatism research that has a combined approach that uses both quantitative and qualitative methods at the same time. In this research, which has a combined approach, the strategy is considered. after collecting quantitative data by questionnaire and qualitative data based on interviews and field observations, the researcher identifies the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the city of Health and the old and new fabrics of the city, then analyzes each type of data. by identifying the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the old and new fabrics, as a result by using the structural model, all of fabrics can be compared based on the indicators of the city of healthy, and based on that, the degree of enjoyment of each from these fabrics, we will measure the criteria of a healthy city. In future studies the conceptual model can be developed and be much more utilized.

Ignoring the poor social class in physical planning and urban housing causes the emergence and exacerbation of inequality and ultimately informal settlements. Recognition of informal settlement formation is so important to the extraction of patterns and types depending on the model evaluation. The methodology of research is descriptive-analytical, which has a development purpose. According to the nature of informal settlements in different views, criteria can be divided into social, economic, environmental, and economic branches but for the formation matter and its pattern, the environmental branch includes the physical dimension too. The collecting method is library resources and for evaluation, the Delphi method was applied. The result shows that it is possible to evaluate the localized indicators based on two environmental and physical components to evaluate the pattern of urban form in informal settlements. In general, there are two axes in the formation pattern of informal settlements in Iran. Proximity to the main transportation arteries due to the presence of land and lack of restrictions on housing construction and using topography to occupy land and create housing. With these two axes, it is possible to recognize the existing urban patterns by adding the structure of the access network to it and creating blocks and the type of granularity in it. According to the types of urban settlements, in future studies, the urban form of informal settlements can be classified according to the type of climate, topography, population, the use of urban spaces, etc., and presented in the proposed model for evaluation.

Perception is a process based on the combination of sensory information and expectations based on experience through which a person selects the necessary data based on his needs from his surrounding environment. Cast shadow, as the concept of light passing through the architectural form, plays a very important role in the viewer's understanding of the building. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which has a development aim, but its fundamental characteristic can be pointed out, especially in explaining the depth of the theoretical foundations, the proposed model and framework. The method of collecting information was library and survey, and sampling was also used. With the purpose of expressing the role of shadows in the perception of architecture, this research tried to express the factors and indicators that are effective on the perceptual process, and after examining the basic structure, factors were extracted as the result of the research framework and using the Delphi method as the final indicators. A proposal is presented in the form of a structural model. Finally, it was found that the indexes of volumetric structure, time, roughness, and depth have the highest scores with an average of 5.96, 5.30, 5.21, and 5.20, respectively, and as a result, they have the greatest impact. In future researches, methods such as HSE , it was used to examine the qualitative states of the respondents as well as the type of interview and its testing and evaluated its results in a specific architectural building.

Thus, the construction of sustainable educational buildings with high performance can be a suitable strategy for solving the existing problems. In this regard, the present study is aimed to analyze the effects of modern construction technology in improving the quality of the architectural environment of sustainable educational buildings. The study methodology is a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population consisted of architects and designers of smart buildings, 170 of whom were selected using the Cochran formula. A researcher-built questionnaire was distributed and its face validity and Cronbach's alpha reliability were confirmed as 0.910. The data were analyzed using correlation tests and multivariate regression in spss software. The results showed that the new technology variables of energy consumption reduction, using water resources, indoor environment quality, site selection and materials have a significant relationship with the environmental quality and sustainability of educational buildings. Among the mentioned variables, the modern technology of indoor environment quality by 25% and modern technology of materials by 24% showed a significant impact on the quality and sustainability of the educational buildings environment. Finally, it can be said that there is a wide range of innovative materials and methods and the design of educational buildings to respond to new conditions, and to achieve these goals, key measures such as financial support, awareness, international cooperation for enhancing product development, infrastructure development, developing zero energy buildings, etc. are required.

By Considering the identity crisis resulting from the production of industrial and modern housing in the contemporary era and the existence of social problems caused by the lack of identity of neighborhoods and biological complexes in the settlements, the investigation of the social structure of the houses of the Qajar period as examples in the context of cities It can be of great help in analyzing these issues. This research has a descriptive-analytical view, which is purposed at development and application. The method of collecting information is the library and survey, and in addition to that, direct observation, reliable sources, and maps have also been used. First, after analyzing the theoretical foundations as well as the history of the research, factors were extracted as the results of the research framework and presented as the final indicators proposed in the form of a model using the Delphi method. The findings of the indexes to investigate social values in the formation of the architecture of Qajar period houses were evaluated and scored using graphical analysis in each index. The findings show that the indicators of geometry, centrality, and privacy have the biggest impact, and taking into account the numerical score of the Meshkian house, with a score of 4.33, it has the highest level of social influence in the formation of its architecture. In future research, by comparing the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, these indicators can be expanded and their internal relationships can also be investigated.

at present, the dominant view has changed from concentrating on decreasing vulnerability to increasing resilience against disasters. The purpose of this research is to analyze urban resilience against floods in region 2 of Sari. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. Research data has been collected through library studies and field observations with observation tools and questionnaires. The statistical population of the research, experts and specialists of Sari city, in relation to resilience and sample size, has been calculated by cluster sampling method to be 30 people. To analyze the information, a multi-indicator decision-making method (TOPSIS) was used and the areas were ranked. The findings of the research indicate that region 2 of Sari is weak in terms of resilience, because the area 2-2 in terms of economic and institutional dimensions, area 3-2 in terms of physical-environmental dimensions have a low resilience status. Area 4-2 is weak in terms of all dimensions of resilience. The results have shown that the factors causing worn-out tissue, impermeability, poor management, unemployment and low level Critical uses and a large number of vulnerable people have caused the low level of resilience in this area, and it is necessary to consider strategies such as increasing people's participation in district management and increasing the coordination and integration of district management with the guidance of urban management in order to improve these factors and promote resilience.

During the recent decades, irreparable damage and casualties caused by the significant increase in the occurrence of natural disasters all over the world, the approach of resilience in the face of accidents and unexpected events in order to prevent the wastage of urban energy is a global issue facing city managers and a large part of Studies and research should be devoted to this. In fact, resilience is considered as a requirement for the sustainability of the urban system and is one of the critical infrastructures for sustainable urban development; A strategic look at it can increase sustainability in societies. On the other hand, the vulnerability of the metropolis of Tehran to unexpected accidents and incidents has increased, and various urban areas have faced numerous problems in the face of natural disasters and energy wastage. Unfortunately, despite the existence of many laws and regulations in the field of energy, in the construction industry, energy wastage is very high in our country. In this regard, this research aims to evaluate and analyze the resilience of urban energy, in terms of descriptive-analytical method and nature, and in terms of practical and developmental purpose, considering the research community including 30 urban experts with a non-probability targeted sampling method with A researcher-made questionnaire tool was taken and by reviewing the literature related to resilience and presenting a conceptual concept,

Efficiency and effectiveness are two very influential concepts and ideas in evaluating the performance of any organization to achieve aims with the least number of resources. Among the factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources are the components and elements based on the architecture of the work environment. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that was done in several stages. After reviewing the comparative studies, the indicators and primary components of the model have been extracted. In the next step, the indicators and components were identified and determined through interviews with experts. Then, a quantitative questionnaire was compiled and distributed among experts to validate the research model. Then the obtained data has been subjected to statistical analysis. The statistical population of the research is the experts of advanced science and technology centers, specifically Iran Space town. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a quantitative questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was also checked using Cronbach's alpha test, and the results show that the alpha coefficient is higher than the standard value of 0.7, so the questionnaire has adequate reliability. Data analysis was done using SPSS20 software and structural equation method with SMARTPLS software. The results show that physical and environmental factors and components affect the efficiency of researchers. Finally, 15 components were identified as physical components affecting the efficiency of researcher, also 9 factors were identified as environmental components affecting the efficiency of researchers in Iran's space town.

Nowadays, cities, especially metropolises, due to uncontrolled issues and problems, have caused traditional urban management to lose its efficiency. In this regard, integrated urban management as a comprehensive institution is necessary to achieve sustainable urban development. This study aims to feasibility strategies of integrated urban management in Tehran as a metropolis city and to apply the present research the used method is descriptive and analytical. Data collection is library and field-work studies, and the statistical population consists of two groups of urban managers and urban studies specialists in Tehran. The AHP technique ranked the factors and strategies affecting the integrated management of the Tehran metropolis. Based on the results of the SWOT table, among the factors studied, the diversity of government and management areas of Tehran metropolis, with a score of 4.2, is the second most crucial factor in Tehran metropolis, with a score of 4.1 and the third factor of rapid physical changes and development of urban centers around Tehran with a score of 4.0 is one of the challenges of integrated metropolitan management in Tehran.

Due to the growing trend of urban waste production and environmental pollution caused by it, are among the factors that have forced mankind to try to obtain renewable fuels. In case of Isfahan city, an average of 1000 tons of urban waste is produced daily and 76% of it is organic matter. Therefore, in the direction of producing renewable fuels, there is a potential for biogas production.This research has a descriptive-analytical view, which is purposed at development and application. The method of collecting information is the library and survey, and in addition to that, direct survey, reliable sources have also been used. The municipal waste was analyzed according to Hans method according to the VDI 46030 standard, and the biogas analysis was done using a gas chromatograph equipped with a TCD detector, and also to check the potential of biofuel production after digesting the dried waste, the amount of free sugar It was checked by DNS method, then after detoxification and fermentation, the amount of bioethanol in the obtained samples was measured by HPLC. The results show that for 6 kg of organic waste after 54 days of anaerobic digestion, an average of 490 ml/gr of biogas was obtained, 60% of which is methane, and 8 grams of ethanol were produced for 20 grams of dry waste. According to the studies, if 5% gasoline is used in Isfahan city, the carbon monoxide pollution index will decrease by 11% and the suspended particles index will decrease by 67%.