فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 103 (تابستان 1401)

Participatory governance is one of the successful approaches in the world in the field of governance. Surveys show that providing a participatory governance model following the religious foundations along with the cultural and social issues of the country will help a lot in solving governance challenges. The research purpose is to present a conceptual model of participatory governance in Iran based on the foundation's data analysis. The tool used to collect information in this study was a semi-structured interview that used the opinions of 27 experts in this field. The sampling method was purposeful. After collecting the data, based on the grounded theory method, the concepts are coded openly, centrally, and selectively. With the coding performed, 25 concepts were obtained which were classified into 5 categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences and are presented as a model for the central phenomenon of Participatory governance. The findings show factors such as not feeling the need for participatory governance and understanding its benefits, the distance between the elites and the people with the governing institutions and increasing tensions, weakness of collaborative work culture, weakness in reaching understanding and gathering opinions, inadequate understanding of people's behaviors and mental models and the different nature of governance in Islam and the West are the causal conditions of participatory governance. Also, factors such as increasing progress in the country, increasing cohesion in society, increasing justice in society, and increasing productivity in the country are the most important achievements of participatory governance in the country.

The current research is designed with the aim of determining the strategic model of measuring national resilience in Iran. This research has been carried out with a sequential mixed method, i.e. first qualitative and then quantitative, and it is of mixed exploratory type. This research is fundamental and applied in terms of orientation and purpose. The spatial territory of the research is the city of Tehran and its temporal territory is the spring and summer of 1401. In terms of the subject area, the present research belongs to the field of social sciences and has been processed under the macrostructure of national resilience. For sampling from the statistical population in the qualitative part, the snowball sampling method was used, and to determine the sample size, the purposeful sampling method was used up to the theoretical saturation, i.e. 16 experts and experts. The data collected through the interviews were coded with thematic analysis method and after identifying the main and secondary concepts and themes, a conceptual model was extracted. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire with 121 items was designed and an available sample of 60 experts from various fields was developed. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively with SPSS and PLS software. The results of the research indicate the appropriate reliability of the structures and the acceptability of the convergent validity of the model structures. According to the results of this article, the strategic model for measuring national resilience in Iran has eight economic, social, cultural, political, defense, security, environmental and technology dimensions, which includes 23 components and 83 indicators.

The prerequisite for policy-making and planning in the field of science and technology is to benefit from the social approach in understanding the culture of science and technology. Due to the dominance of the technical approach and management and the presence of engineers and experts outside the humanities and social sciences, the aforementioned issue has been neglected and abandoned in the structure of science and technology in Iran. Some of the problems of science and technology in Iran are caused by the cultural context and the attitudes of scientific activists. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to typify the problems of science and technology culture and to provide solutions based on the opinions and experiences of young elites. The theoretical approach includes theories about the connection between culture, personality and characteristics with science and technology. This research has used the combination of two strategic analysis models namely SWOT and SOAR as a method. The samples include 38 elites and specialists in different fields who are working in universities, research institutes, knowledge-based companies and industries. The findings have been analyzed and interpreted in two axes: 1- Weaknesses and threats in the existing science and technology culture 2- Opportunities and aspirations for a desirable "science and technology culture". The results show that some problems of science and technology will be adjusted or solved by correcting some existing mentalities and characteristics among scientific activists, as well as restoring governance procedures.

Spatial imbalance in Tehran's metropolis and the metropolitan area has intensified despite the long history of decentralization policies. Many factors have contributed to this problem, but it is necessary to identify the driving forces to know the future directions. The research seeks to identify the levels and clusters of factors of this spatial imbalance and present future scenarios based on driving forces. Experts' opinions were obtained about the factor relationships that were known in the subject literature. These factors were categorized by MICMAC software and Interpretive Structural Modelling. Also by Scenario wizard software and Cross-impact balance analysis, driving forces were analyzed and logical scenarios were presented. Based on the findings, the government establishment factor is the most fundamental level. The population settlement pattern factor is the uppermost level. The population settlement pattern and physical growth are the most important variables in the dependent cluster. Industrial concentration, urban management, capital concentration, and population concentration are the most important variables in the Linkage cluster. Government establishment, decision-making centralization, service centralization, infrastructure centralization, economy centralization, extra-urban activities, and urban plans are the most important variables in the effective cluster. Among the ten logical scenarios, the top four scenarios were considered. Even if the best scenario occurs, it is still very far from ideal conditions. But if unfavorable scenarios occur, the conditions will be very close to the maximum possible crisis. The spatial imbalance in Tehran's metropolis and the metropolitan area is going to become more critical in the future.

Modern society, due to the complexity and precise division of labor that creates plurality and diversity, requires the participation and activity of intermediary institutions to collect, transfer and follow up demands from the political system. Also in Iranian society, since the beginning of constitutionalism, due to major changes in the political environment, parliament and political parties have entered the political arena and played a role as mediating institutions. The main concern of this research is to investigate the performance of political institutions in transferring and following up the demands and mediating between the government and society in order to alleviate politicization in society. Therefore, at first, the institutional level in political parties and the Islamic parliament has been investigated using Huntington's four model based on versatility, complexity, independence and coherence. The results show the basic challenges, including the lack of fit with the complexities of today's society and the neglect of functional correlation, the affectability of the political system, and the weakness of cohesion as well as the internal trust in aforementioned political institutions, which cause an institutional crisis. in the following, the effects of this crisis on the Iranian society have been evaluated, focusing on its role in the development of overpoliticization that has consequences. these consequences include the reduction of institutional trust and the weakening of the grounds for the formation of institutions, preferring group and private interests over public interests, overtaking political participation over the culture of competition and weakening the rules of the civil game, and ultimately increasing violence in the absence of peaceful solutions to pursue demands. The inappropriate functioning of the institutions as mediating elements has caused the diverse and numerous requests and demands of the society to be directed at the political system. The inability of the political system to respond to the demands has become a platform for strengthening political approaches to solving problems and developing politicization in the society.

Water is the most important issue for the survival of all people in the society. The smallest disruption in the water supply in people's lives and livelihoods brings the greatest threat to life. However, the interweaving of water issues (major problems and threats) and national security is one of the most important problems of governance in the new era. Building a strategic vision to turn threats into opportunities in these two areas is one of the requirements of good governance. By understanding the issues in the field of water resources and how it is related to the issues raised in the field of national security, this essay is trying to provide a strategic view with the aim of turning these threats into new opportunities. Reducing the negative effects of climate change requires knowing the power and capacity of water resources. This research tries to improve and optimize the methods and modify the structure of intellectual engineering to solve the problems caused by it in the field of water. In this research, the issue is investigated using geomorphological evidence and climatic heritage. This research can be categorized as theoretical-practical in terms of its purpose.