نشریه نامه آموزش عالی
پیاپی 60 (زمستان 1401)

We examine the relationship between human and technology in electronic education and answer the question ‘what changes does electronic education as information technology bring about in education and its actors?’ We also address whether e-learning technology diminishes the role of the human actor and turns it into a facilitator, and what are the effects of technology in virtual education on the teacher, students and public perception of education.

Using the conceptual framework of actor-network theory and specifically the concepts of mediations as an analytical tool in understanding the relationship between humans and technology, we present an analysis and interpretation of electronic education and the agency of its actors.

Technology of e-learning (1) changes the aims of the involved actors (translation); (2) changes the action of learning (composition), (3) aggregates times and places in one place and acts as one actor (black-boxing), and (4) we delegate things to it while it changes them at the same time (delegation).

Information technology in electronic education is not just a tool in the hands of the teacher, but it has changed the involved actors, including teacher, in many ways. An analysis of this kind of education in the form of ANT’s four mediations provides a clearer understanding of these changes. Technology-mediated education should be recognized as a new kind of education that needs new norms and policies.

This research begins with discussions in the field of “Methodology of Science”; and then it is followed up by proposing topics in the field of “epistemology of science” and finally, it tries to provide a research division for students of different educational levels based on them. Although the audience of this research is social science students; But it is also relevant for other fields of humanities. Acknowledging that some of the researches of Iranian students are considered to be of its top type; at the same time, we are of the opinion that most of them are not within the framework of a scientific work - in the sense that is intended by this article. We consider the reason for this deviation from scientific criteria to be their inability to reach the “expected problem”.Theoretical framework: the current research is data-based and therefore lacks a specific theoretical framework; however, its main idea, on which our proposed division of labor is based, originates from Randall Collins' views on “scientific society”.

The proposed work division of this article is the result of a “systematic review” of 51 scientific research articles written by masters and doctoral students. In the framework of the aforementioned proposed division of labor, the “Hijab issue” section; And during the systematic review of the previous researches that have been done regarding hijab; Formulated.

By planning seven types of process to reach the problem; we have shown which triple education level is suitable for each student.

 The aim of the present researcher was to explain students from foreign and domestic mobile social networks by explaining it as a constructive learning environment.

 This research is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study that was performed on 175 students of the University of Medical Sciences and Electrical Engineering at Kharazmi University of Tehran، which is available with the help of simple software. stata selected، executed. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that is designed with a constructive learning approach and inspired by Taylor's components and is required by experts in the field of educational technology and curriculum. SPSS software، Kramer test and Chi-square were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that WhatsApp، Telegram، Instagram have the most audience from external social network and services from internal network. The message network environment through the development of science، the opportunity to acquire relative knowledge and self-management for learning are recognized as the top three criteria of a constructive learning environment. Also، there was no significant relationship between the choice of messenger network and the gender and age of students.

 it is suggested; To identify the hidden and visible capacities and elements of the higher education system in the creation and use of social networks. To evaluate the structural barriers to the development of digital literacy. By combining constructivist-based educational approaches with elements of internal messengers, create new approaches in higher education curriculum planning.

The aim of the current research was to design a model of the characteristics of supporting professor in the higher education system in the form of a multi-method qualitative study.

In terms of its practical purpose, this research is among qualitative and multi-method research which has examined the findings of global studies in order to design the model of the supporting professor in the higher education system with a met combination. And further, based on the use of phenomenology, the lived experiences of the students in relation to the supportive professor have been explored. The met combination design was done using the Sandelowski and Barroso method, and the phenomenology design was done using the Claizian model. The tool used was semi-structured interview and the participants in this section were 15 students in the academic year of 1401-1400, which was selected using the objective criterion approach, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criterion. Data analysis of this section was also done using thematic analysis method.

   Based on the results of two projects, the supporting professor model in the higher education system was designed in the form of four main themes of psychological skills, personality traits, teaching and evaluation skills, and interactive and social skills.

By using the mentioned skills, supporting professors can meet the needs of students in scientific, specialized and psychological fields and turn the university environment into a platform for their and students' individual development

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lived experiences of Farhangian University professors on the educational use of mobile phones during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. Therefore, with the purposeful sampling approach and standard method, the professors of Farhangian University in the Academic year of 2021-2022, who had used mobile phones in the field of education were selected, and finally, theoretical saturation was achieved with an in-depth interview with 8 people. The analysis of the interviews was done using the seven-step Colizzi model with the help of MAXQDA12 software as a data analysis tool.

After extracting and subject classification, seven main themes and 49 sub-themes were identified. The main themes included the use of software and educational content, content production, use of educational systems, data management and transfer, educational communication, equipment management and time management.

The research findings show that mobile phone can be used as an educational tool in the field of education and teaching in the university and professors should use mobile phone to advance their educational goals.

Performance evaluation -at any level of organization- is influenced by some environmental factors that are usually less considered. Therefore, recognizing these conditions, paying attention to them and trying to neutralize them will increase the accuracy and precision of the evaluation results. Therefore, considering the importance of performance evaluation in high levels of public administration, this study selected Iranian Minister of Science, Research and Technology as a case study to identify the effective environmental conditions in evaluating his performance.

Thematic analysis is a method for identifying and analyzing patterns in qualitative data, by which qualitative data is divided, classified, summarized and reconstructed. Thematic analysis is essentially a descriptive strategy that facilitates the search for patterns within qualitative data sets.

The global and organizing themes of the research are as follows: a. Political conditions including politicization, influence of officials and institutions, and stability of position, b. Structure including ministry structure, government structure and system structure, c. Appointments, d. Legal / administrative conditions including lack of authority, and lack of a system for training ministers, e. Public image including acceptance, and reputation, f. society including inappropriate demands, and cultural-social-economic conditions, and g. international conditions including sanctions and international policies.

Considering the importance of performance evaluation of Minister of Science, Research and Technology and the need to increase the validity and reliability of its results, it is suggested that during evaluation, efforts be made to neutralize the effects of environmental conditions obtained in the present study.