نشریه پایداری، توسعه و محیط زیست
سال سوم شماره 12 (زمستان 1401)

Considering the importance of food security and adverse effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on human health, the present study was conducted to assess the contents of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in two types of lettuce (Romaine lettuce and Iceberg lettuce) marketed in city of Hamedan in 2013.

In this descriptive study, a total of 15 samples of each type of lettuce were purchased. After acid digestion of samples in the laboratory, the Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni contents were determined using anodic stripping voltammetry. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.

The results showed that the average contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in leaves and stems of Romaine lettuce were 19.3 and 40.6; 103 and 233; 8.00 and 22.8; and 30.2 and 171 mg/kg, respectively, while, the average contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni (mg/kg) in leaves and stems of Iceberg lettuce were found to be 9.07 and 20.8; 35.4 and 118; 12.9 and 37.8; 215 and 279, respectively. Also, based on the results obtained, except for Ni in Romaine lettuce, the mean contents of all the analyzed elements were significantly higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) established by FAO/WHO.

In conclusion, due to studied lettuces were not suitable for consume by human, therefore, regular monitoring of foodstuffs should be noticed in order to maintenance the consumer's health.

Double skin facades (DSF) are an interesting and important architectural element in buildings because they are very visually appealing and at the same time can perform better than single skin facades.  Double skin facades must be properly designed and implemented, otherwise their potential benefits may be lost. For this reason, the physical processes occurring in a double skin facade must be well understood and predicted. However, they are very dynamic and static. The aim of the current research is to analyze the double skin facade moving in the efficiency of energy consumption in residential buildings in Tabriz city.

In this research, the analytical descriptive method as well as numerical equations, Design Builder software, Converge and sensitivity analysis were used.

The results showed that for the double skinned facade in cold seasons, by blocking the top and bottom of the double skinned facade, the air trapped between the double skinned facades is functional insulation and energy loss is reduced. Also, in hot seasons, by leaving the top and bottom of the skin open and creating air flow between the double skin, the heat transfer from the building increases and as a result, the temperature inside it decreases.

The results of numerical solution of computational fluid dynamics equations in Design Builder software showed that using this method in Tabriz city, the annual cooling load is reduced by 45% and the annual heating load is reduced by 5%.

The sources of pollutions in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman are very widespread and various. Oil and atmospheric pollutions, ships traffic, discovering activities through the seabed, waste offloading; municipal waste disposal, constructing artificial islands, discharging saline wastewater of desalination machines, etc. are the most important recognized sources of pollution in the region. However, the dominating legal system of the present common and conventional law cannot confront these various and widespread pollutions. Political challenges, regional competitions, and legal gaps (regional or international) have led to non-cooperation in confronting sea pollution. The present study, using an analytical and inductive method, focused on this issue. The results showed that the gaps in combating the Persian Gulf pollution have impacted on the behavior of political stakeholders and that the international cooperation is a must for filling the legal and administrative gaps.

Environmental legal discourses discuss the legal relationship between humans, the environment, and existing social powers. Islam's attention to all areas of human life, especially the environment, can provide the basis for the development of environmental rights, especially in response to environmental crises. In this research, the new approach of discursive institutionalism has been used to study environmental rights from the perspective of Islam. In it, the discourse theory of Lacla and Moufe is integrated with institutionalism and based on the dialectical relationship of discourses as macro-level mentalities with the objective realities of society (institutions involved in the environment. In the structure of Islamic legal discourse about the environment around the central sign of "God-centered approach to the environment", a semantic system consisting of the main signifiers of "mutual relationship between man and the environment", "legal rules supporting the environment", "jurisprudential institutions including considerations Environment" and "Environmental rules and lifestyle of Islam" have been formed. This discourse has the ability to be realized and implemented in the context of institutional arrangements including enfal, commonalities, accounting and ownership. The discursive institutionalism approach, by providing a context for the development of Islamic environmental rights, can inspire the formulation of laws and the way of implementing environmental laws. Undoubtedly, the hegemony of the Islamic legal discourse on the environment will bring many fruits in the protection and protection of the environment.

The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentioned as a tool to achieve the principles of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to provide a model of factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province.

The statistical community included 10 sports management professors and experts familiar with the subject in the qualitative section and all the athletes of Kermanshah province in the quantitative section. In the qualitative part, the purposeful sampling method was used, and the sample of the quantitative part was selected using Morgan's table of 384 people. From the questionnaire created by the researcher by studying the theoretical foundations, semi-guided interviews with sports management professors and experts in an exploratory process and using the exploratory factor analysis method, 28 items in the form of six educational, research, structural, managerial, cultural, and research factors. And provincial solutions were classified.

The results of the research showed that the current questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Also, the final model of the research showed that the structural factors had the first priority from the respondents' point of view and the provincial solutions had the last priority.

It is concluded that the research model and the priority of its factors for policy making in the field of environmental culture development in sports should be taken into consideration.

Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremediation is one of the ways to remove soil pollutant. The purpose of this research is to investigate the production of biogas from camel dung and phytoremediation waste and also to identify the variables that improve biogas production using the fuzzy AHP method.

The loading of camel dung in the digester has been done at different mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (36-37 and 55). The waste from the lead phytoremediation was mixed with camel dung and was loaded in similar conditions. During 1 month of material loading, biogas production was measured. The results have been analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that pH plays an important role in biogas production. The first load was low due to low input feed as well as failing to reach the desired digestion operation, resulting in very low digestive pH, which gradually increased as the number of gas production speeds and gas production increased. It was also found to decrease the amount of biogas production as the amount of refined plant was increased. The parameters were ranked using the fuzzy AHP method.

According to the results, camel dung has a good potential for biogas production. Nitrogen and phosphorus are more important in biogas production and the ratio of volatile solids has the lowest rank according to the fuzzy AHP method. Phytoremediation waste could be used in small amounts.