مجله راهبردهای نو در روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1402)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on moral intelligence, perfectionism and distress tolerance of undergraduate male students in physical education. The present study is one of the applied researches and in terms of research method was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all male undergraduate students in the field of physical education of Buchan University of Applied Sciences in the academic year 2020-2021. , which through the available sampling method among 30 qualified volunteers were included in the study and were randomly replaced in two groups of 15 experimental and control. The measurement tools in this study were Link and Kiel Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), Hewitt & Flett Perfectionism (1991) and Simmons and Gahr Distress Tolerance (2005). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 75 minutes of compassion-based treatment and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 23. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Descriptive findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of age were 20.31 and 5.80 for the experimental group and 20.49 and 5.63 for the control group, respectively. Also, the results of data analysis showed that after the intervention, the effect of compassion-based therapy on moral intelligence, perfectionism and distress tolerance was significant (p <0.01). Based on the research results, it can be said that compassion-based therapy is a suitable intervention method to increase moral intelligence and tolerance of anxiety and reduce students\' perfectionism.

More than 90% of women in the menstrual age suffer from PMS disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of group training of enrichment and life promotion program on reducing the symptoms of premenstrual depression. This study was quasi-experimental and was conducted using pre-test and post-test methods with a control group. 24 women with premenstrual symptoms who visited the women\'s clinic in Razavi Hospital in Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The measured tools were Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Questionnaire (PSST), Beck Depression Questionnaire. With these questionnaires, women suffering from premenstrual depression were selected and their level of depression was evaluated. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that the average depression score of the experimental group was 24.7 in the pre-test and 19.9 in the post-test after the intervention, which was a significant decrease compared to the pre-test and also a significant decrease compared to the control group.

The present study was conducted to explain the effect of emotion-oriented couple therapy on the mental health of couples with conflict. This research method is of an experimental type, and the statistical population of this research included all couples with conflict who were referred to counseling centers in Shiraz. From this statistical population, a sample of 20 couples was selected as available from Bahar Neko Counseling Center and randomly selected into two groups of 10, including the experimental and the control groups. The GHQ28 general health questionnaire was used after extraction and collection to measure the studied variable. The data, the scores obtained at two descriptive and inferential levels, or covariance analysis, were analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the covariance analysis showed a significant difference between emotion-oriented therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy, which increases the level of mental health of couples, and the continuity of its effect has been confirmed over time.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between study skills and academic enthusiasm and procrastination of first secondary school students in Semnan city. Therefore, in this regard, descriptive research method of correlation type has been chosen. The statistical population of this research consists of all the first secondary students of Semnan city, the statistical population is 898 people. Using Morgan\'s table, 260 people were selected randomly. In this research, three study skills questionnaires were used: Palsani and Sharmal (2001), Fredericks et al.\'s academic enthusiasm questionnaire (2004) and Solomon and Rothbloom\'s academic procrastination questionnaire (2003). The obtained data have been analyzed using Pearson\'s correlation coefficient test and regression analysis with SPSS 20 software. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship between study skills and academic enthusiasm and a negative and significant relationship with procrastination of the first secondary school students of Semnan city.

In terms of the method of data collection, the method used was descriptive (non-experimental) and correlational designs, and specifically exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The research population was all young couples of Ahvaz city, which was done in two stages of sampling, the first stage is based on the validation of the tool for measuring mistrust motives among young couples, and the second stage is based on the statistical population. In order to select a suitable sample from the city of Ahvaz with an unlimited population, the sample size was first determined and then selected based on the random sampling method. The necessary sample size was determined using Cochran\'s sampling formula in the first stage of 40 people (20 couples) and in the second stage of 384 people (192 couples). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with ... items was used. SPSS version 22 computer software was used to analyze the research data. In addition, the level of significance in this research was determined as α = 0.05. Finally, the correlation level of individual factors was 0.770, family factors were 0.799, cognitive-psychological factors were 0.844, and marital life factors were 0.732. The validity of the research was done through construct validity, which was shown between 0.731 and 0.833. The factors questionnaire of the current research has the overall validity of the elements of 0.78.3 and the rest of the variables between 0.76.9 and 0.85.4.

The aim of this study was to predict academic procrastination based on perceived social support and self-compassion mediated by positive and negative emotions .The research sample was 318 high school teenagers in the academic year 1399-1400, which was selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were academic procrastination Solomon & Roth blum (1984), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Zimet et al (1984) , self-compassion scale Neff (2003) and Positive Emotion and Negative Emotion Watson, Clark & Tellegen (1988). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software. Findings showed that social support directly and self-compassion indirectly predict academic procrastination and Positive and negative emotions have been able to play a significant mediating role in this relationship (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that perceived social support and self-compassion are two factors influencing academic procrastination and can be strongly influenced by negative and positive emotions.

The aim of this study is the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy on cognitive-behavioral avoidance and mental rumination. The method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population is depressed patients referring to the psychological clinic of Gorgan. The Samples include 40 persons who were selected in a purposeful way and were replaced by simple sampling in two groups of 20 people, experimental and control groups. The measurement tool was Sexton and Douglas (2004) cognitive-behavioral avoidance questionnaire and Nalan Hoeksema (1991) mental rumination questionnaire. Analysis of covariance with the help of SPSS-22 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive-behavioral avoidance and mental rumination of the experimental and control groups in the post-test phase (P < 0.01). Therefore, ISTDP is effective in reducing the components of cognitive-behavioral avoidance and mental rumination.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the perception of the classroom structure and students\' academic performance through the mediating role of self-efficacy. The statistical population of this research included the students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Sistan and Baluchistan in the second semester of 1400-1401, whose number was equal to 900 people (540 girls and 360 boys). The sample size was estimated to be 269 people based on the Kargesi Morgan table, of which 162 female students and 107 male students were selected by stratified random sampling. The research tool was the questionnaire of perceived classroom structure (Mighli et al., 1988), academic performance (Dartaj, 2013) and self-efficacy (Sharer et al., 1982). The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the perception of the classroom structure and the students\' academic performance. Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the perception of the classroom structure and students\' self-efficacy, and there was an indirect and significant relationship between the perception of the classroom structure and students\' academic performance through the mediating role of self-efficacy.

This study compares the application of classical test theory versus item response theory in the validation of students' academic engagement questionnaire. The sample size of this research was 750 students (265 boys and 485 girls) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method among the students of Tehran universities. Due to the non-availability of the Persian version of the questionnaire, first its translation and content analysis was done by experts. Then, its validation was done through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability using ordinal theta. In the following, clean power and acceptability, as well as the curve of the question characteristics and the awareness function of the whole test were also checked through R software. The analysis of the question parameters and the subjects determined that this questionnaire is able to distinguish between people in terms of the concept of conflict. Also, based on classical test theory and question theory, it is possible to determine which questions better measure social involvement and academic involvement. According to the classical test theory, the accuracy of the two questionnaires based on the ordinal theta is suitable and the classical test theory cannot show and compare how people in higher and lower groups answer the questions of social involvement and academic involvement. Finally, based on the sum of the fit indices, it can be seen that the data are fit with the assumed model.

The impostor phenomenon (impostor syndrome) means the sense of intellectual falseness that exists among people who experience a discrepancy between their own attitude towards their achievements and the evaluation of these achievements by other people. Impostors attribute their success to factors such as hard work, good fortune, lucky chance, personal charm, computer error, or beneficial contacts. The purpose of this article is to analysis and review IP, which has been less studied in Iran. This is a review-analytical study. Data were collected by studying existing theoretical and research documents and searching valid databases. Definitions and characteristics of IP, prevalence, factors affecting it, effects of age, its consequences, people at risk, clinical examples and interventions to reduce this phenomenon are issues that have been studied. IP has a high prevalence in students and has harmful consequences on their performance; Based on this, it can be said that knowing the impostor phenomenon can be useful for researchers to think deeply, meditate on the problems of impostors and their psychotherapy process, and provide appropriate services in schools and universities.