فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 76 (زمستان 1401)

The importance and role of Media and NEWS are increased by improvement of Information and Communication Technologies. This article try to find role of medias’ news in corporate earning management strategies. So, I investigate for show impact of media coverage on replacement and trade off between Accrual Earning Management (AEM) and Real Earning Management (REM) (Earning Management Strategy). For this purpose, I collect NEWS about listed companies during 2015 until 2020 and used Heckman's Two-Step for measure replacement between AEM and REM. I used Different in different and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) methods for hypothesis testing.Results show that earning management strategies are different in reaction of media coverage. Increase of media coverage cause companies decrease AEM but they use REM more than usual in this position. In additional, research findings show that companies with higher media coverage and suspect to earning management try to more change in board of directors. So, results show that media has controlling and pressure effect on companies for earning management’s strategy.

Investor Sentiment often stem from held-up beliefs or information unrelated to stock value and can lead to extreme reactions or low reactions to good or bad news in stock valuation. In this study, the effect of two important policies of Earning sharing and debt policy in the company that can be investigated on the behavior and inclinations of investors and then the Moderating effect of management Entrenchment on the relationship. To achieve the purpose of the research, four hypotheses were developed and data collected from 163 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 to 2021 were tested through regression models. The findings of this study showed that dividend policy increases investors' Sentiment but debt policy decreases investors' Sentiment. Management Entrenchment strengthens the positive relationship between dividend policy and investor sentiment. Therefore, during the dividend policy, the managers are of the shareholders' goals and want a higher dividend payment ratio. Management Entrenchment also reinforces the negative relationship between debt policy and investor sentiment. Therefore, risk-averse managers tend to use less debt, which is also a favorite of investors; because they invest in companies that have the least debt and their capital structure shows the importance of equity.

The purpose of this study is to explore how the auditors' work stress relates to the auditing quality reduction behavior with stressors such as time pressure, work-family conflict and role ambiguity. The philosophy of the existence of auditing firms in capital markets is to play a role in reducing information asymmetry by providing high quality reporting. The quality of audit reports is largely related to the audit engagement. This research is of quantitative type and is in the category of descriptive studies. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. Due to the uncertainty of the population, 365 questionnaires were received in 2022 from auditors working in auditing firms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the present study indicated that time pressure, work-family conflict and role ambiguity have a positive relationship with the auditor's work stress. Also, time pressure, work-family conflict, and role ambiguity are positively associated with audit reduction behavior. Finally, work stress has a positive relationship with audit quality reduction behavior and plays a role as a mediating variable in the relationship between time pressure, work-family conflict, role ambiguity and audit quality reduction behavior. The results of this study can be used as a criterion for auditing firms to maintain the quality of audit reports by reducing the stressors of auditors.

This paper analyzed the consequences of financial reporting convergence towards integrated reporting in Iran's capital market focusing on agency cost and cost of equity capital. In order to measure the financial reporting convergence towards integrated reporting, a checklist has been used which designed based on the international integrated reporting framework. The agency cost measured using the efficiency criterion based on the ratio of operational expenses to operational revenues. The cost of equity capital estimated based on the expected rate of return using the capital assets pricing model. The research population includes 144 firms listed in the Tehran Securities & Exchange over March 2016 till March 2021. Multivariable regression models were used to test research hypotheses. The findings showed that increase in convergence level of firms’ financial reporting with integrated reporting framework has reduced agency cost and cost of equity capital. These findings suggested that focusing on the benefits of integrated reporting through transparency and completeness of information disclosure has weakened agency conflicts and reduced agency costs. In addition, integrated reporting has reduced the cost of capital in financing decisions due to the adoption of sustainable business model from integrated thinking and the reduction of information asymmetry due to greater transparency for more informed forecasting.

In the present study, the relationship between the qualitative information of the auditor's report and the quality of accounting has been discussed. In particular, the relationship between the tone of the auditor's report and the audit fee (audit quality criterion based on the input of the audit process) has been examined with respect to the concepts of risk, client business risk, and litigation risk. To test the research hypotheses, 360-year-firms data of Iranian Stock Exchange were used during a period of 6-years, three years before and three years after the revision of Auditing Standard No. 700. Textual data were analyzed using Maxqda10 text analysis software and after quantification along with other quantitative data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression in Ives software and SPSS Eviews 9. The results indicate a weak inverse relationship between the optimistic tone and the audit fee variable. In addition, the findings showed that the acceptance of the requirements of Auditing Standard No. 700 does not make significant changes in the relationship between the tone of the auditor's report and the remuneration compared to the period before the review. In general, the results of the research indicate evidence of the predominance of the signaling effect (albeit poorly) in the sample.

The current research has investigated the economic consequences of risk perception in annual reports; which is functional in terms of result, correlational and post-event in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2021, and 130 firms were selected as a statistical sample by systematic elimination (1820 observations).In this study, the accounting criteria of company value (rate of return on assets), the market criterion of company value (Tobin's Q) and the economic criterion of company value (added market value) were used to measure the economic outcome. In order to increase the degree of confidence in the results of hypothesis testing, static and dynamic panel data regression method was used. According to the findings of the research, in static modes and using the EViews software, it shows that there is a positive relationship between the market measure of the company's value (Tobin's Q) and the economic measure of the company's value (market value added) in both the static and dynamic modes with the sense of risk in annual reports. But there is no significant relationship between the accounting measure of company value (rate of return on assets) and the sense of risk in annual reports.

Improving the quality of financial reporting is one of the effective factors to approach an efficient capital market and optimal capital allocation, the present research tries to explain the quality of financial reporting from the perspective of adjusted structuration theory. The adjusted structuration theory explains social systems, including accounting, with an ethical approach and considering the dual relationship between agency and structure.The current research is quantitative in terms of implementation method. In the quantitative part, the correlation method based on confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. The statistical population of the research includes university faculty members and financial managers 154 people were selected by available sampling method. The research tool is an extractive questionnaire from research literature. The analysis of data in the quantitative part in the form of structural equation model showed that the relationship between agency and accounting structure with the quality of financial reporting is strongly significant and agency has a higher rating in this relationship, this relationship is due to the influence of an opinion based on ethics with the first rank, decision-making with the second rank and accountability with the third rank will be from the direction of agency and structure on the quality of financial reporting. the accounting system with emphasis on adjusted structuration Theory increases the quality of financial reporting by providing a comprehensive theoretical framework based on the usefulness and ethics of the accounting system as well as the usefulness of information for decision making.