فصلنامه سراج منیر
پیاپی 43 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The issue of the exterior and interior of the Holy Qur'an has been and still is the subject of Muslim opinion from the time of the Holy Prophet until now. Considering this point, many hadiths have been issued from the words of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Amir, and other Imams (AS) in this regard. These hadiths are frequent or at least Mostafīz (diffused), such as the noble prophetic hadith «ان للقرآن ظهرا و بطنا و لبطنه بطنا الی سبعه ابطن»  "Ennal Qur'an Zahran, wa Batna, wa Labatna Batna, ela Sabah Abtn" which was narrated through al-Furiqin. Maulavi spoke in detail about this hadith in Masnavi, which we have quoted in the text of the article. He said at the beginning of his speech: Know the words of the Qur'an, which are external/below the external, the interior is just Cairo. Many verses also express the exterior and interior of the Holy Quran. As in the verse "Indeed is the Holy Qur'an, in a hidden book, it is not touched except by the pure" (Waqeeh/77-79). In this article, firstly by referring to the verses and narrations and the sayings of famous Islamic mystics and philosophers, the interior and different levels of the Holy Quran have been proven, then the quality of the relationship between the exterior and interior of the Quran has been discussed.

One of the most important functions of the verses of the Qur'an is human growth and excellence in the shadow of correct education. Therefore, one of the richest approaches to the verses is their interpretation based on educational issues and the reasons for their correct revelation. In this regard, the Holy Qur'an introduces the Prophet as a good example. On the other hand, some accuse him of injustice based on unscientific and intentional material, and based on the reasons for the incorrect revelation of verses, and consider the Holy Qur'an to be ineffective in guiding human beings due to mentioning these private issues of his life. According to them, the design of these issues in the Qur'an shows that the Qur'an is fabricated and ungodly. The first verses of Tahrir surah are one of the issues raised on this claim. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive, analytical approach, with a library method and citing reliable sources, has revealed the reasons for the real revelation of this surah and has responded to the doubts in this regard. Finally, it has examined the usefulness of the verses in cases such as negligence, compassion, resolving the truth, secrecy, realism in expectations, and so on.

One of the characteristics of the Surah of the Holy Quran is the existence of connection and continuity between the verses; a problem that some orientalists admit to its absence; clarifying the content coherence of the Qur'anic surah, while removing this doubt, specifies the main purpose of the surah. The current research is trying to criticize the idea that this surah is morally oriented, while examining the content coherence of Surah Hajarat with the method of qualitative content analysis. This surah in three thematic categories "paying attention to the centrality of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the community of faith", "factors and obstacles for creating and maintaining unity" and "explaining the truth of faith", deals with the most important purpose of the divine instructions in this surah, which is "nation-building" by the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The existence of the two poles of truth and falsehood in the world and the height of knowledge of falsehood against the truth is one of the challenges that are an obstacle to nation-building, and the divine commands in Surah Al-Hujrat, in addition to individual interests, should be considered with a general and social perspective in order to build the nation as intended by the Holy Quran.

Visual expression is one of the features of the text of the Qur'an and its verses are covered with literary images, and this image is a sign of the simplicity and comprehensibility of the expression of the Qur'an. Sayyid Qutb, a contemporary Egyptian writer, chose the image as the best means of interpretation, and in the form of his theory of artistic imagery, he believes that the Holy Qur'an has made the best use of the rule of an image in expressing its purposes. Based on this, the present study tries to study the structural features of the verses containing the conversations of Hazrat Shoaib with the audience, using the descriptive-analytical method and using library resources based on the principles and components of illustration of Seyyed Qutb's theory. Examining their discovery and appearance in the artistic illustration of Quranic verses in order to explain the beautiful aspects of the miracle of the Holy Quran more than before. The most important findings of the research indicate the fact that in these verses, examples of these components can be found based on Seyyed Qutb's theory, such as the element of phonetic structure, emotion, religious thought, reality, language style, repetition, adaptation, visualization, recognition, movement, dialogue, etc. He found that by creating sensory and imaginative images that are full of movement and dynamics, he transmits thoughts and meanings to the reader in a sensory way, in order to stabilize the meanings

Many of the sayings of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah have been expressed in the form of descriptions, such as the description of God, the prophets, and so on. Considering that the description in Arabic literature is mentioned as one of the important techniques of poetry along with praise, satire, and mourning, this article emphasizes the descriptions of Nahj al-Balaghah in addition to the philosophical, theological, and mystical dimensions from a literary point of view to clarify what fruit of hadith jurisprudence brings from this point of view. This article provides us with two ways to better understand the descriptions of Nahj al-Balaghah. Because the appearances of words have meanings that sometimes convey them clearly and sometimes in the form of accessories that come with them. Literary arrays also each have implications for conveying meaning, of course, the arrays that are spoken of in the science of expression, such as similes, metaphors, metaphors, and irony, are not arrays of novel science

The verses of the Qur'an have doctrinal, moral, and biological sciences. There are theories in the verses of the creation of the heavens and the earth, etc., which are part of the monotheism of actions. For example, the second verse of Surah Ra'd refers to keeping the sky without pillars. Studies show that historians have three views on the verse: 1- Some people consider the verse as a sign of the oneness of God in the Lordship. 2. Some believe that the verse reveals a scientific truth that is the force of attraction and repulsion. This view is based on the method of scientific interpretation. 3- Some people consider the meaning of the verse to be the oneness of the Lord and the master of the universe and believe that no creation or thing is without reference to God. This research has chosen the best opinion through library method and content analysis while analyzing the historical course of opinions and presenting the opinions of commentators and late scholars, and that is the monotheistic fact that divine power is above all causes, keeping the heavens without pillars. For God, it is an easy task and God has created the force of gravity and repulsion.

Dr.Abu Zayd is an Egyptian scientist who has always been known as a new Mu'tazilite. The present article, which has been done analytically-comparatively and with library resources, seeks to assess the correctness of his attribution to the interpretive school of thought of the Etzal (old and new Mu'tazilites). Therefore, first, his views were expressed on several topics (without evaluation and criticism) and then briefly compared with the old and new Mu'tazilites. It turned out that many patterns have influenced Abu Zayd's ideas. His view, despite his rationalist approach to conflict resolution, in some cases is different from the old Mu'tazilites, such as: adherence to the five principles of the Mu'tazilites, the reasons for believing in the existence of the Qur'an, denying the previous existence of the Qur'an in the Preserved Tablet, observing the rules in interpretation. And in many respects is similar to the neo-Mu'tazilites, Such as: emphasizing the literary aspect of the miracle of the Qur'an, humanizing the words of the Qur'an, knowing the history of the Qur'anic rules, not knowing the Qur'anic concepts that indicate the beliefs of the people of the age of revelation. Acknowledging the differences between the Mu'tazilites and the old and the new. The differences between Abu Zayd's approach and the old Mu'tazilites, in addition to the many similarities between his views and those of the new Mu'tazilites, with the approval of experts, show that his ideas are close to the new Mu'tazilites. Therefore, the opinion of recent researchers, which is often obtained from the study of only one topic, is not correct.

One of the main issues in encouraging young people to pray is the pathology of prayer. For this purpose, this article is an analytical-inferential method with a case study of Ardabil youth in 5 neighborhoods with the main component examining population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goals and facilities, relationship with youth, and the culture of prayer pathology and their impact on youth. The statistical population is 300 people who have been selected from among the youth by three-stage quota, cluster, and simple random sampling method. The results of the analysis showed that the causes of weakness in youth prayer are internal and external factors; the meaning of internal factors is personal characteristics in terms of knowledge and awareness and the type of attitude of individuals and lack of awareness of the philosophy of prayer, as well as the moral weaknesses of the person praying, which makes the performance of prayer less important. Developmental harms of prayer mean that which harms the prayer of every person in the creation and outside of existence, such as the devil, how he acts and influences prayer, and how to create immunity against it and non-developmental harms. It is something that human beings have provided, such as cultural, economic, and political factors, each of which can cause severe damage to the body of prayer. The result of inferential analytical research conducted by random sampling among the youth of Ardabil shows that the vulnerability of external factors in terms of non-developmental with 54/5% has the highest statistics in the damage to youth prayer.

Revelation is the "divine message to the prophets to guide the people". It is the basis and consistency of divine laws and the most valuable heavenly gem on the earth and has an inseparable connection with human nature and destiny. In recent centuries, with the spread of the wave of Islamic studies in the West, the hypothesis of adapting some of the contents of the Qur'an from past religious and literary texts became one of the fields of activity of Orientalists. Explaining this issue is necessary to prove the legitimacy of Islam and Quranic revelation and its superiority over all divine religions. The present dissertation is organized using descriptive and analytical methods and with a critical approach along with collecting and analyzing information to examine and criticize the most important claims and arguments of orientalists about borrowing the Qur'an from past religions and cultures such as Judaism and Christianity. Findings show that Western scholars and orientalists, based on these principles and considering the similarities in the Qur'an and earlier sources such as the Torah and the Bible, have proposed the existing hypotheses about the sources of the Qur'an, none of which are accepted by Muslims. Their claims have methodological problems even on their own merits.

One of the most important motor motivations in human beings is competition, which is rooted in such things as feeling short, and jealous, getting rid of imperfections, and achieving perfection. The realization of competition in society and among individuals leads to the formation of positive and negative competition, which is traditionally referred to as keeping up with the Joneses, which can be considered in both positive and negative fields. Therefore, the author has studied the subject of keeping up with the Joneses and all the positive and negative aspects according to verse 108 of Surah Yusuf and verse 179 of Surah A'raf by descriptive-analytical method and library type. By analyzing the Quranic verses and the documents of the narrations of the two sects regarding these verses, we reached the following findings. Neglect is the main factor of competition and the negative aspect of keeping up with the Joneses and insight is the main factor of competition and the positive one.