مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 198، اردیبهشت 1402)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and chronic disorder that has one of the fastest worldwide growths among the neurological diseases. The main problem of the patients with PD is the loss of dopamine producing cells in their nervous system, which causes symptoms such as tremors, slowness of movements, walking disorder and postural instability. Parkinson's disease, by affecting the neuromuscular system as well as the proprioceptive feedback integration and processing, can lead to postural instability and falling of the patients. Treatments included pharmaceutical therapy, electrotherapy, and new methods of brain stimulation and exercise therapy. The pharmaceutical therapy is the most important part of treatment, but it comes with side effects for the patients. Electrotherapy and exercise therapy have been widely used to treat the patients' movement disorders. This narrative review study aimed to mention various routes of pharmaceutical therapy and electrotherapy methods, and then focused on exercise therapy to reduce movement disorders in the patients with PD.

Stretching and resistance exercises, performing yoga and tai chi movements, as well as using the virtual reality system caused reduced displacement of the center of pressure while standing, increased speed of walking, improved quality of life and reduced frequency of falls.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders of the knee area. Previous studies have pointed to the positive effects of exercise. Therefore, it is very important to check the types of exercise protocols for the treatment of this condition. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the scientific framework of research related to the application of various exercise protocols on patellofemoral pain syndrome, as well as to make a favorable summary and provide more appropriate information from previous researches. In this review study, the search for articles in Persian and English languages in 2022 (until November) was carried out on WOS, Magiran, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer databases. The keywords of patellofemoral pain syndrome, knee and knee rehabilitation were used to extract articles. 100 relevant articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After reviewing 100 articles, the number of 53 article titles that were close to the research title met the criteria for inclusion in the present study. After re-examining the articles, 25 articles were selected with the aim of examining the exercise protocol on patellofemoral pain.

It seems that sports exercises with the aim of strengthening the muscles around the knee joint are effective in the recovery process and reducing the pain of people suffering from patellofemoral syndrome.

The molecular mechanisms of the improvement of exercise on memory are in the aura of ambiguity.Therefore, the aim of this research was studying the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent swimming training (HIIST) on the biochemical factors of lipid metabolism and hippocampal memory function of male rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

The present study was experimental. 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: healthy (n=20) and high-fat HFD (n=20) groups. Rats in the HFD group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks with the aim of inducing NASH. After proving the disease in HFD group rats, the remaining rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy-sedentary (n=9), healthy-swimming (n=9), sedentary disease (n=9) and diseased-swimming (n=9). The exercise groups performed eight weeks of HIIST (three sessions/week, each session lasting 30 minutes). At the end, FNDC5 protein was evaluated by western blot method and brain hippocampal irisin and serum FFA by ELISA method. Memory performance was measured by the water Maz-Morris behavioral test. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the difference between groups, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between two groups (p<0.05).

The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the FNDC5 protein and irisin of the brain hippocampus and serum FFA and in memory function variables between the groups (p<0.05).

HIIST in NASH model can activate lipid metabolism in the hippocampus of the brain and improve memory function. However, more research is needed in this field.

The destructive effects of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin are well known. In recent years, it has been found that medicinal plants have a fundamental role in protecting the damage caused by drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vaccinium arctostaphylus plant one of the prevalent materials in traditional medicine in improving the disorders caused by cisplatin in testicular tissue.

In this research, forty rats were divided into 5 groups (G) (n=8) based on administration cisplatin and extract of vaccinium arctostaphylus. In G1 physiological serum was injected and in G2 only cisplatin was administrated. In G3, G4, and G5 Arctostaphylus vaccinium extract with a concentration of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg along with a single dose of cisplatin were administrated. After 24 hours, the rats were sacrificed, and then testis was isolated and subjected to histopathological evaluation with t-test and one-way ANOVA test on Prism-GraphPad 9.

Our results showed that in the G2 group, the number of spermatogonial cells was reduced compare with G1 (P=0.01); As well as the thickness of the germinal epithelium and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules were reduced partially. In G3 and G4 groups in comparison with G2, the germinal epithelium was improved (P=0.02). The preservation of spermatogonial cells in G3 significantly increased compare with G2 (P=0.01).  

According to the results, Arctostaphyllus vaccine as a native plant in defined dosages has a significant effect on improving cisplatin-induced disorders in the germinal epithelium and the number of spermatogonial cells preservation.

Studies have shown that Covid-19 infection affects the patient's decision-making processes for radiation therapy. The present study investigated the safety measures and related factors in Yazd Radiotherapy Center in the face of Covid-19 in 2020.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the autumn of 2020 with the participation of 20 staff (using census method) of the Radiation Therapy Center in Yazd City, Iran. The data were collected using the questionnaire of safety parameters in the face of Covid-19, which was designed by the African Federation of Medical Physics Organizations, and the average score of safety measures was calculated. For descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were used and internal consistency was determined using Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20). Independent Two Sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for inferential statistics. All analyses were performed in SPSS 16 with a significance level of 5%.

In total, 60% (12 people) were female staff, 60% (12 people) were married and the mean (SD) age of the participants was 32.45±6.35) years. The mean (SD) score of safety measures in the face of Covid-19 was 11.3±2.31), which was moderate to high. Kuder Richardson-20 (KR20) was calculated to be 0.69. The results of statistical tests showed that the score of safety measures was not significantly related to demographic variables (P >0.05).

The score of safety measures in the presence of Covid-19 at the radiation therapy center was moderate to high.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy with sertraline and compassion-enriched act on depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid abuse patients treated with methadone compared to intervention based on compass-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment alone.

This study was a clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. Forty people were selected by voluntary sampling method; after matching, they were divided into two groups with 15 participants. The first group received compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and the second group received combination therapy with compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and sertraline for 28 days. Patients were evaluated based on the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Questionnaire (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, multivariate analysis of covariance test at the level of 0.05.

The results showed that both interventional methods effectively treat depression, stress, and anxiety (p<0.01), while the combined treatment of enriched acceptance and commitment treatment with compassion plus sertraline has the most significant effect on the studied parameters (p<0.01).

Acceptance and commitment treatment enriched with compassion plus drug therapy effectively reduces depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid addicts under methadone maintenance treatment and can be used as an effective method in the treatment of addiction.

Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) is a plant rich in antioxidant compounds and has therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Oregano alcoholic extract on complications of depression in reserpine-poisoned mice.
 

In this experimental study, 42 male BALB/c mice were divided into 6 groups of 7, including control (normal saline), negative control (reserpine), fluoxetine (positive control), and three reserpine groups treated respectively with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Oregano via the intraperitoneal route. Depression was evaluated using forced swim test. Brain and serum total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde level were also determined. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and One-Way ANOVA test. The significant was shown with (p≥0.05).

Negative control group significantly increased immobility time and decreased swimming time compared to the control group in the forced swim test (p≥0.001) and the extract at levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg similar to fluoxetine significantly reduced the immobility and increased the swimming time (p≥0.001). Reserpine in the negative control group decreased the antioxidant capacity and increased the level of malondialdehyde in serum and brain compared to the control group (p≥0.001).Compared to the negative control group, the extract at the level of 200 mg/kg, similar to fluoxetine, increased the antioxidant capacity in the brain (p≥0.01) and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the serum and brain (p≥0.001). In addition, the extract at level of 400 mg/kg similar to fluoxetine significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in serum and brain (p≥0.001) compared to control group.

Oregano seems to have significant potential in reducing depressive symptoms and reducing oxidative stress due to its active antioxidant compounds.

The amount of active ingredients in natural medicines depends on the method and solvent of the extractor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanolic and aqueous methanolic extracts of broccoli.

In this observational-analytical study, after preparing broccoli from farms of Lorestan City, Iran and approval of the herbarium center, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained by maceration and vacuum concentrating. Then it was analyzed using a GC-MS device. Moreover, the total phenol, flavonoids, and anti-radical properties of the extracts were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-test and regression coefficient. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered.

The total phenol content of hydroalcoholic (ethanolic and methanolic) extracts was 41.52 ±5.40 and 33.03±0. 37 (mg GAE / g dw), respectively, but this difference was not significant (P <0.05). The total flavonoid content in aqueous methanolic and aqueous ethanolic extracts was 40.36 ± 1.93 and 28.79 ± 1.49 (mg Q/g dw), respectively, and this difference was significant (P <0.05). The result of inhibition of DPPH free radicals by broccoli extracts showed an increase, and in terms of effective concentration, a significant difference was seen between ethanolic and methanolic extracts (P<0.05). Moreover, the highest free radical scavenging activity was 92.1% in aqueous methanolic extract and 72.8% in aqueous ethanolic extract. The mean values ​​of the active chemical compounds of sulforaphane in GC-MS analysis of different extracts of broccoli were significant (P <0.01). The percentage of sulforaphane in the aqueous methanolic extract was 14.86 and in the aqueous ethanolic extract was 1.41.

According to the results, broccoli aqueous methanolic extract can be recommended in vivo for experimental studies with strong antioxidant potential.