مجله پژوهش در دین و سلامت
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Today, scholars are accumulating knowledge behind the fence or in the enclosure of specialization while the abundant knowledge in one single discipline does not necessarily lead to increased wisdom and a fruitful life. Knowledge can be abused and its improper distribution may even prove harmful. The solution to complicated social, political, economic, and religious issues today are neither based on accumulation of knowledge not dependent on dependent on the religious teachings irrespective of the scientific developments (1, 2). What we need is an understanding of the relationship between different fields of knowledge, which is referred to as interdisciplinary knowledge. A correct understanding of the relationship between the medical sciences (medicine) and religious sciences (Islamic teachings) necessitates interdisciplinary research.

 Addressing the factors affecting their physical and mental health, including religion and religious orientation, has become particularly important with the increasing elderly population. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between life satisfaction and religious beliefs.

 The present study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. The statistical population was all retirees of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, out of whom 158 were included in the study by census. Data was collected using Diner’s Life Satisfaction and Allport’s Religious Orientation questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The mean age of the participants in the study was 59.78±8.24 years. More than half of the female participants were mostly married, had a diploma and were economically average. The results showed a statistically significant and positive correlation between the life satisfaction score and religious beliefs and the intrinsic orientation. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between life satisfaction and religious beliefs in the participants over the age of 60, the married, the retired males, and those with higher-than-diploma education, and those with an average economic status.

 According to the declining life satisfaction during retirement and old age due to physical and mental problems, religious beliefs can compensate for the limitations caused by physical and mental problems and increase life satisfaction.

 Happiness is one of the positive emotions in a person that affects his/her thoughts, feelings and behaviors and is closely related to religious beliefs. The present study was conducted to investigate the correlation between practicing religious beliefs and happiness in students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences.

 The present study was descriptive-analytical and correlational, which was carried out in a cross-sectional manner. The statistical population included all students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences and the sample size based on multistage random sampling included 390 volunteer students. The main variables were practicing religious beliefs and happiness and the measurement instruments included two psychometric questionnaires of Temple and Oxford. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 Data analysis showed that the correlation between religious beliefs and happiness was 0.26 (P<0.001). Therefore, there was a positive and significant correlation between happiness and the practice of religious beliefs. The degree of slight correlation between religious beliefs and happiness in terms of maternal education was significant only in mothers with diploma, postgraduate education and above.

 Considering the positive correlation between practicing religious beliefs and happiness, appropriate planning by university administrators is recommended to strengthen religious beliefs in students and their commitment to religious duties. Increasing students’ happiness can play an important role in increasing hope and promoting scientific activities.

 Communities that think about improving the status quo and preparing for a better future for themselves make it a priority to focus on leisure time, especially in the student age group, because the students are considered to be full of energy. the potential talents and future makers of the community. Therefore, no healthy society can remain indifferent to the free time of its members. Nevertheless, unfortunately sometimes they become indifferent to it in our society. Despite the fact that in the world community, studying the behaviors of individuals, especially their health behaviors and lifestyles is essential, this has been neglected in our society. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sport leisure enrichment on the health-oriented lifestyle of female students.

 The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population included female high school students in Mashhad (no=6740) whose sample size was calculated to be 348 people using Morgan’s table. Then, two questionnaires of spending sport leisure time questionnaire by Barzegar et al. and Walker’s Health Promotion Style Questionnaire were used for collecting data. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by university professors and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.77 and 0.83, respectively. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that spending sport leisure time and its components are of great importance to students. There is a positive and significant relationship between spending sport leisure time and its components with students' health-oriented lifestyle in sport-recreational activities. Also, according to the results, 21% of health-oriented lifestyle changes were related to the components of spending sport leisure time.

 Given the positive impact that spending sport leisure time can have on students' health-oriented lifestyles, it is expected that by doing so, students will continue to experience the least physical, psychological, and cognitive harm in their path to development.

 The biggest social concern that can permeate into every corner of a country and is detrimental to its health and well-being is corruption. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of community-based leadership based on Nahj al-Balaghah approach with transparency of the administrative system and reducing corruption.

 The present study is applied descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all senior and middle managers and employees of government offices in Ardabil province in 2020. From this community, 116 people were selected by cluster sampling as participants. Data collection tools were Ahangar et al.'s Community Leadership Questionnaire, Rawlins' Organizational Transparency Questionnaire, and Abdollahi‘s Corruption Questionnaire . The results were analyzed using the partial least squares method test. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article reported no conflict of interests.

 The findings showed that there is a significant relationship, based on the managers' views, between community-based leadership based on Nahj al-Balaghah approach, and transparency of the administrative system and reduction of corruption.

 According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah can prevent the creations of many procedures associated with administrative corruption. It is also suggested that a model of community-oriented leadership be implemented and presented to the managers and employees of governmental organizations.

 Religion and religious beliefs play an important role in human life in many societies, Therefore, the present study aimed to qualitatively analyze the opinion of Iranian experts about the role of spiritual and doctrinal beliefs affecting emotion regulation.

 The present study had a qualitative design and was conducted by content analysis. The participants were specialists and experts working in the field of emotion regulation in Iran and were selected through purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 experts until the saturation point was reached. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 After conducting the interviews, similar and duplicate codes were removed and matched. The results of data analysis yielded three main categories with six sub-themes. The main categories included religious and spiritual attitudes, taught spiritual/religious emotion regulation, and differentiating beliefs from superstitions.

 The results showed that spiritual and doctrinal beliefs played a significant role in the way individuals regulated their emotions. Therefore, counselors and mental health therapists are recommended to pay attention to this important issue while interacting with the clients during treatment sessions.

 Impaster syndrome, which has a relatively high prevalence in students, is associated with numerous social, psychological and economic consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of prediction of Impaster Syndrome in female students based on psychological capital and spirituality.

 The research design was correlational. All female students of Payame Noor University in the center of Islamabad-e-Gharb made up the population of this study, out of whom 202 were selected by available sampling method, They answered Imposter, spiritualism, and psychological capital questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and multiple regression. In this study, all ethical considerations were taken into account and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed a significant negative correlation between the total score of psychological capital (r=-0.60, P=0.014) and also each of its dimensions including self-efficacy (r=-0.21, P=0.002), optimism (r=-0.17, P=0.004), resilience (r=-0.10, P=0.004) and hope (r=-0.11, P=0.005) with Impaster syndrome in female students. There was also an inverse and significant relationship between the total score related to spiritualism (r=-0.49, P=0.008) and the dimensions of self-awareness (r=0-.10, P=0.014), spiritual beliefs (r=-0.07, P=0.016), spiritual activity (r=-0.05, P=0.022) and spiritual need (r=-0.05, P=0.013). Regression coefficients also showed that the predictor variables together explained 39% of the variance in Impaster syndrome.

 According to the results, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the role of spirituality and Islamic structures to improve the educational and psychological quality of members in educational and professional centers, besides improving psychological capital.

 Marital infidelity is defined as a sexual, romantic, or emotional relationship, which causes a person's infidelity towards its marital relationship and is known as one of the destructive events in intimate relationships and often leads to turmoil, dispute, dissolution, and divorce. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and marital infidelity based on the mediating role of religious beliefs.

 The sample population was all married couples in Tehran in 2021, of whom 350 were selected by accessible sampling method. For data collection, McCree and Costa’s NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, Bashirpour et al.’s Marital Infidelity Tendency Questionnaire, and Golriz’s Religious Attitude Questionnaire were used. In order to test the research model, the path analysis method was used by the maximum probability. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 Based on the results, neuroticism had negative and extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and consciousness had positive effects on religious beliefs. Also, religious beliefs had a negative effect on marital infidelity. The neuroticism both directly and indirectly, affected the tendency toward marital infidelity with the mediating role of religious beliefs. According to the results, 47.5% of the variance in religious beliefs and 76.5% of the variance in marital infidelity were explained by the variables of the model.

 It can be stated that religion and religious beliefs can have a negative impact on marital infidelity. The key to living without conflict is to pay attention to spiritual issues and to cultivate religious beliefs. Values give meaning to life and act as a refuge when faced with life crises such as sadness, loss, and mourning. Religion provides couples with instructions on how to deal with and resolve conflicts when they arise.

 Ignorance of or neglect about the social norms and values has a negative effect on the organization's comprehensiveness and brand in the community. This study tries to answer basic questions on branding criteria based on Iranian-Islamic principles and introduce the branding pattern of human resources based on the Islamic culture and orders.

 This is mixed method study (qualitative and quantitative). It is applied in purpose and survey-based in terms of data collection method. The results obtained from the qualitative phase of the study led to the development of the proposed conceptual model of human resources. Accordingly, in the first part of the study in order to provide a comprehensive model, meta-synthesis qualitative research method was used after identification of categories, concepts and codes of human resources. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used to find the optimal combination of the model components to optimize the relationship between the human resources brand components. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The developed model consists of eight main categories (branding of human-Islamic resources, evaluation of human resources, training and development of human resources, organizational leadership, organizational justice, satisfaction and commitment of human resources, organizational culture and internal branding) and 43 subcategories that can display the branding pattern of human resources with an Islamic approach.

 In the process of recruitment and identifying the talents, Every organization in the health domain can any organization can apply the Islamic indicators extracted in this study for branding in addition to the principles of meritocracy and the management of talents, and finally, relying on the religious and Islamic teachings and taking into account the Iranian tradition in the society, it can complete its brand development process by attracting and keeping the talented forces.

 Marital adjustment is one of the most important concepts in strengthening family and awareness of its predictors is very important. In this way, this study was done with the purpose of predicting marital adjustment based on components of spirituality and narcissism in the partners living in Tehran.

 The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all married people living in Tehran. Out of them, 330 people were selected by available sampling method in three parks (Qeytariyeh, Laleh and Shahr), who answered Lock-Wallace Marital Adjustment Questionnaire, Hall and Edwards Spirituality Questionnaire, and the NPI Narcissistic Personality Inventory. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings of Pearson correlation coefficient showed significant relationships between components of power and authority and management perception, between frustration and instability and ostentation, and between exploitation and most components of spirituality except magnification and instability (P=0.001 and P=0.005). Also, the findings of regression analysis showed that the component of frustration in spirituality (P=0.001), and the component of ostentation in narcissism (P=0.006), are able to significantly predict marital adjustment.

 According to these results, ostentation and frustration can be considered by psychologists and counselors as strong predictors of marital adjustment.

 Due to COVID-19 pandemic and high rate of its mortality, grief and bereavement are one of the psychological problems experienced by the people. There is a need to examine the efficacy of grief counseling protocols in providing good services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of spiritually multidimensional Psychotherapy on grief experience and grief intensity.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design with a control group and follow-up. The population consisted of all people who had lost a member of their family due to COVID-19. Thirty-four individuals were selected through purposive sampling based on their acceptance to participate in the study and having inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (17 in each group). In the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, data were collected by the Grief Intensity Scale and Grief Experience Questionnaire. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

Results:

 The results showed that spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy was effective in alleviating grief experience and reducing grief intensity (P<0.05).

 The results of this study strongly support the effectiveness of spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy in alleviating grief experience and reducing grief intensity. Also, the results showed that religious background of individuals should be attended to in theory and practice of psychotherapy.

 With the advancement of medical science in the field of using stem cells in umbilical cord blood for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and their usability for other people except the fetus, as well as their maintainability for a long time, there is a research gap in the field of the religious decree and duty related to maintaining and consequently bequeathing stem cells. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the jurisprudence related to stem cells in umbilical cord blood and bequeathing them.

 This study was of descriptive-analytical type in which a secondary data analysis method was adopted. The concepts related to the subject matter of the study were objectively and qualitatively described. Jurisprudential decrees were analyzed and deduced based on jurisprudential foundations. Data collection procedure included taking notes from books, articles, reputable websites, as well as using jurisprudential software. The authors reported no conflict of interests in this study.

 From the perspective of a number of contemporary jurists, it can be stated that the maintenance of stem cells in umbilical cord blood is generally permissible.  But the criterion of permission is different in each case; some consider their storage absolutely permissible; some consider the criterion of permission to be scientific research; some consider the consent of the owner of the cells or his/her guardian; others consider the storage license based on its benefits. With regard to bequeathing these cells, some contemporary jurists believe it is permissible.

 The results show that based on them Quranic verses and hadiths and the principle of innocence, it is possible to allow the maintaining of stem cells in umbilical cord blood. Regarding the bequest of these cells, given their rational benefits and ownership, it is permissible to bequeath them.

 Spirituality and spiritual care are the inseparable part of holistic care and attention to its mental and spiritual aspects can have an important role in patients’ recovery and reaching the health goals. The concept of spiritual care has received serious attention in the religious, psychological, and medical areas. Attention to the conceptual structure of spiritual care helps to determine its indexes based on the vivid Islamic point of view. Accordingly, the present study is an attempt to examine the conceptual structure of the mental aspects of spiritual care based on the Quranic verses and narrations.

 The present study is descriptive-analytical and library-based study. For this purpose, the spiritual and psychological dimensions of spiritual care in Islamic religious texts (Quranic verses and hadiths), were examined in the Qur'an and Islamic sources using the software of the digital library of Isra’ and the Tadbar website (Islamic Sciences and Education Foundation), especially the written works of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, The Tafsir-e Nemouneh by Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi and Tuhfat ul-Oghul (the gift of the intellect). The authors of the article reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that the mental aspect of spiritual care includes 4 sub-scales of self-compatibility, efficient beliefs in the compatibility with issues, having a spirit of criticism, and having a good performance in dealing with problems. Furthermore, the mental aspect of spiritual care includes 4 sub-scales of human relationship with God, yourself, others, and nature.

 Attention to the mental aspect of spiritual care can help to accept and comply with the existing conditions and even the patient’s death. Therefore, the members of the health team should be acquainted with these concepts and make it easier to tolerate the pain caused by the disease by providing proper care.

 The use of new methods of pregnancy has raised many questions. One of these issues is the situational effects of embryo donation as one of the new methods of childbearing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the status of embryo donation based on the attitude of Imami jurisprudence.

 This research is of analytical-library type. The keywords of fetus, donation, confidentiality and breastfeeding in the Shiite tradition and the expressions of Shiite jurists have been analyzed based on jurisprudential-principled criteria. The author of the article has not reported any conflict of interest.

 New problems should not be created for parents to solve the problem of childbearing. Therefore, assuming the attribution of embryos donated to sperm and ovum owners, other topics such as intimacy, marriage sanctity, guardianship and breastfeeding were examined. How this child is a mahram with the recipients of the donation, marriage with the causal mahram, guardianship over this child are issues that are directly related to lineage. . Therefore, because the actual lineage of the child goes to the owners of the sperm and ovum, the intimacy of this child with the recipients of the fetus and the guardianship over this fetus is created by other means such as priority in breastfeeding in order.

 After embryo donation, certain rights and duties such as the sanctity of marriage, incest of the child, coercive guardianship of the father and paternal grandfather, etc. are created. These rights are created as a right for the parties under the title of status effects of donation, which is based on how the fetus is assigned to its donors and recipients.