نشریه پژوهش اجتماعی
پیاپی 56 (پاییز 1401)

Guardianship of children and their custody are two important things in the family institution. According to Shia jurisprudence, the guardianship of children is the responsibility of the father and their custody is the responsibility of the mother. Now we have to answer the question, what effect does change the gender of parents have on guardianship and custody of children? In response to this question, this research investigates two points of view with a descriptive-analytical method. First, because the father loses the title of a father by changing gender and the mother loses the title of mother by changing gender, their custody and guardianship over the child are lost. On the other hand, some jurists consider it possible to remain in their guardianship and custody. Because in the social context, people call those who were parents before the gender change because the title of each parent cannot be taken away from them by gender change.

"Water" has become an important social subject in terms of its lack in a large part of Iran's dry geography and the competition for its appropriation and exploitation. In recent decades, the implementation of water development and transfer plans, which are defined based on the abundance of water in one place and its scarcity in another area, has increased in intensity and speed; But these plans lack a precise and sensitive social view and have turned the plan's host areas into the focus of various social issues. Review of the history of these projects as well as the current situation of the host regions and provinces shows that these studies or They have not been done properly or they have been done formally and ostensibly.This research seeks to deeply study and identify the effects and social consequences of water transfer projects after the implementation of these projects at the source of the transfer and has chosen Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province as the most tense province in the country in terms of water transfer. In order to use the real data of the research field, "Grounded Theory" was chosen as a research method so that with the capabilities of this method, a diverse range of quantitative and qualitative data can be provided for this research. The analysis of the data obtained from the documents, interviews, virtual space, articles and survey shows the deep effects of these plans in the project implementation areas in terms of livelihood, inequality, social capital and citizenship in Water transfer has been placed and these areas are strongly affected by the projects in terms of various social indicators.