نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 81، اسفند 1401)

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on corona anxiety, parent-child relationship, and developmental functioning family. The research method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was mothers with corona anxiety in Mashhad in 2022, among whom 30 were selected by convenience sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups. The research tools were: developmental functioning family questionnaire (DFFAQ; Ali et al., 2014), Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS; Pianta, 1994), Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS; Alipour et al., 2019). Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was implemented in 8 sessions for 90 minutes and once a week for the experimental group. To analyze the data, a multivariate analysis of covariance was used. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that controlling the pre-test effect showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups regarding corona anxiety, parent-child relationship, and developmental functioning family (p < 0.05). Based on the findings, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was effective on corona anxiety, parent-child relationships, and developmental functioning family in mothers.

Late marriage and the entry of unmarried girls into emerging adulthood and middle age have caused them to spend a longer period of their lives single, in the meantime, some girls are separated from their families due to voluntary or involuntary reasons to experience an independent life. This study aimed to identify the challenges and strategies of a solo-living lifestyle in single girls. The research method was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach which is conducted in 2021-2022. Participants were 13 unmarried girls over 30 years old who lived in their independent homes in Tehran. Participants were selected by the purposive method through snowball sampling. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and interviews continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed based on the Glaser and Strauss (1967) approach. Dimensions of tendency in solo living, challenges, facilitation strategies, and attitudes toward motherhood have been found. Based on the results the path that has led to the experience of solo living as well as participants’ current situation toward living single by recognizing their challenges, facilitating strategies, and their attitude toward motherhood can be used in social, cultural, and educational planning.

The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between trait anxiety and emotional clarity with depression symptoms in college students with the moderating role of cognitive flexibility The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. Samples of this study were whole Mohaghegh Ardabili university students in the 1399 -1400 semester(n=12000). 249 of them that had ratings of 14 and higher in the Beck Depression Inventory were selected by the Purposive sampling method as samples. the questionnaires were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, beck, 1996), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X, Spielberger, 1970), Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS, Salovey& et al, 1995), and questionnaire cognitive flexibility(CFS, Vander and Valpe, 2010). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Results showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation(p<0/01) between trait anxiety and emotional clarity with depression symptoms. Furthermore, trait anxiety and emotional clarity had a negative and significant indirect effect(p<0/01) on depression symptoms through cognitive flexibility. Based on these findings trait anxiety and emotional clarity have both direct and indirect effects on depression symptoms and play a dynamic role in depression symptoms, these results can be used in designing preventive and intervention programs for depression symptoms.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome caused by exposure to threatening events such as war, car accidents, and physical and sexual assault. The experience of psychological trauma can have long-term cognitive effects. The symptoms of PTSD include changes in cognitive processes such as memory, attention, planning, and problem-solving and destructive effects on a person's performance. In the research background of this disorder cognitive defects been emphasized, such as memory defects, and their role in the continuation of the disorder. The present study was conducted to review the existing theories about memory deficits in people with PTSD and theories that explain post-traumatic stress disorder, focusing on the role of memory in this disorder. The related Keywords to this research topic were searched in reliable databases such as Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, and APA PsycNet in the period 2000 to 2022. The results of this survey show that one of the most prominent symptoms of these people is the experience of disturbing symptoms, which play an important role in memory disorders, and focusing on the reduction of these symptoms or eliminating them can lead to better treatment responses. Though that, for more effective treatments, clinical studies, and actions are still needed.

Shahab national project has been implemented in Iran with the aim of identifying and guiding talented students with teacher-centeredness. Considering that the examination of the teachers' perception as the implementers of this plan plays an essential role in its successful implementation, in this research, the perception of the teachers of Birjand City about the Shahab plan has been investigated in a qualitative and phenomenological way. The statistical population of the study was all the teachers implementing the Shahab project in Birjand City in the academic year 2020-2021. Due to the nature of the research, a criterion-type purposeful sampling method was used, and the data obtained reached saturation by interviewing 11 teachers. To analyze the collected data, the Colizzi analysis method, and MAXQDA12 software were used as data analysis tools. The findings were presented in the form of 21 components and four categories of nature, goals, problems, and consequences, each of which has several components. The findings of the research showed that the teachers are well aware of the project's goals and have well understood the necessity of implementing Shahab's project. Teachers believe that this project has various implications. On the other hand, there are problems with the correct implementation of this plan.

An environment that is inappropriate in terms of the level of stimulation is attributed, and the existence of criteria for identifying and measuring this phenomenon in students is very important. The present study was conducted to validate the instrument of students' academic boredom. The statistical population of the research was middle school students studying in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was 393 people who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and due to the distortion of 33 instruments, 360 people were included in the study. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 26) and LISREL (version 8.5) software. The findings showed that the academic boredom tool has good validity and reliability. The results of validation were obtained by internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha. Investigations related to the validity of the content, and the structure of the academic boredom tool also confirmed the validity of the said tool. The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has one factor and the 10-item structure of the academic boredom instrument in Iranian students has an acceptable fit with the data and the goodness of fit indicators confirm it and can be used as a tool to measure academic boredom in students.

The main goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy with the presence of the mind on the total clinical symptoms and the total bereavement symptoms of emotional trauma in adolescent girls who experienced emotional trauma. This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of teenage girls aged 15 to 18 years with emotional trauma in Kharg City in 2021. The sample size of the research was 30 teenage girls who experienced emotional trauma by calling in virtual social networks, first using the purposeful sampling method and then by simple random sampling, they were assigned to two experimental and control groups. In this research, the questionnaires of Clinical Syndrome of Dragotis (BSI) 1983 and love stroke of Ross(LTS) 1999 were used. The result of data analysis using the multivariate covariance analysis method shows that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the two groups in total clinical symptoms and total grief symptoms of emotional trauma in adolescent girls who experienced emotional trauma at the level of P <0.001. This means that the training of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy with the presence of the mind has had a significant effect on the reduction of the total clinical symptoms and the reduction of the total bereavement symptoms of emotional trauma in teenage girls who experienced emotional trauma. Therefore, such a treatment method can be useful for these people in improving their mental health, preventing them from contracting mental illnesses and reducing the possibility of the return or recurrence of psychological symptoms.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the meaning therapy program on the general well-being, resilience, and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the patients with multiple sclerosis of the Raad Mehrabani Charitable Institute in Arak City in 2021, who were selected through the available sampling method and based on the entry and exit criteria, 30 people were randomly selected into two groups of 15 people, experimental and alternative evidence. became The measurement tools in this research were Dapuy's general well-being questionnaire (1972), Connor and Davidson's resilience (2003), and the World Health Organization's quality of life (1998). The experimental group underwent the meaning therapy program for 14 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data analysis was done using the multivariate covariance analysis method. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental group and the control in the general well-being, resilience, and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (p=0.01). Based on the results of the research, it can be said that meaningful therapy is a suitable intervention method to improve the general well-being, resilience, and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mind-wandering in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs with psychological distress in students. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study was all the students of the Azad University of Tehran Central Branch from four faculties (Psychology and Educational Sciences, Arts, Political Sciences, and Management) in 1401, of which 200 people were selected through random-cluster sampling. Research questionnaires included: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, Kessler & et al, 2002), Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ, Wells, & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and the Mind Wandering Scale (MWS, Carriere & et al, 2013). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the path analysis indicated that the model fit in well. The findings showed that metacognitive beliefs and mind-wandering were directly related to psychological distress (p<0.001). Also, the components of metacognitive beliefs were able to predict psychological distress in students indirectly through mind-wandering (p<0.001). It can be concluded that mind-wandering plays a mediating role between metacognitive beliefs and psychological distress in students, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to improve students' mental health.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on adherence to treatment in People with drug addiction. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included People with drug addiction who visited the addiction treatment clinics of Arak City in the year 2021. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly replaced in experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) Morisky (2008) was used to measure the research variable. Mindfulness therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The analysis of variance of repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up stages, the average of both experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001). Also, the results showed that the acceptance and commitment treatment group obtained a significantly higher average in both the post-test phase (P=0.002) and the follow-up phase (P=0.001) compared to the mindfulness treatment group. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is probably a more efficient treatment compared to mindfulness-based treatment for improving the adherence to the treatment of addicts.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching skills based on the attachment model on hostile and angry documents in women seeking a divorce. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population was all the women applying for divorce which had visited the psychological clinics (under the welfare organization) of Sabzevar City from November 2021 to February 2021. The sample was 30 women applying for divorce, selected as available and randomly replaced by 15 people in the control group and 15 in the experimental group. Data were collected through the Hostile Document Scale (HDS) (Arentz et al., 2003) and the Metaemotional Styles Scale (MES) Beck et al., 2009). The intervention of teaching skills based on the attachment model was carried out during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week, But the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis. The findings showed that the effectiveness of training skills based on the attachment model on hostile and angry documents in women applying for divorce is 48.1% (p<0.05). The permanence of teaching skills based on the attachment model was 68.6% on hostile documents and 89% on anger (P<0.05). It can be concluded that teaching skills based on the attachment model are effective on hostile and angry documents in women applying for a divorce.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the use of adaptive strategies and maladaptive strategies in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after the covid-19 disease. For this purpose; In a multi-baseline single-subject study, three people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by covid-19 among the people who were admitted to Masih Daneshvar Hospital in Tehran at least one month ago due to covid-19 disease, using a purposive sampling method. , responded to the emotion regulation questionnaire CERQ (Ganevsky et al., 2001) and the impact of the event – edition IES-R (Weiss and Mamar, 1997) and were evaluated. The data were analyzed by the method of repeated measurements analysis and with the help of drawing a diagram. The findings showed that the patients under treatment showed significant effectiveness in using adaptive strategies and maladaptive strategies and achieved significant clinical improvement. so; Cognitive behavioral therapy has an effect on the use of adaptive strategies and maladaptive strategies in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder of covid-19.

The aim of this research was to predict stress coping strategies based on primary maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in the mothers of intellectually disabled students. The current research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and correlational studies in terms of method. The statistical population includes all the mothers of mentally retarded students in the age range of 6 to 18 years (about 900 people) who were studying in exceptional schools in Qazvin City in 2019-2020. Among them, 246 people were randomly selected as a sample. The tools of this research included Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ, 1984) and King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI, 2008), Young Schemas Short Form (YSQ-SF) (2005). The regression was in the simultaneous method. The findings showed that the domain of cut and rejection, self-management and impaired performance, other orientation, listening to excessive bells and inhibitions, impaired limitations with problem-oriented coping strategies, and negative relationship and is significant and has a positive and meaningful correlation with emotion-oriented coping strategies. Also, the relationship between spiritual intelligence and problem-oriented coping strategies is positive and significant, and negative and significant with emotion-oriented coping strategies. Also, in total, the variance of the strategies variable is 50.7 for problem-oriented coping, and 14.5 variance for emotion-oriented coping strategies variable is explained by predictor variables (p<0.05). It is concluded that the primary maladaptive schema, spiritual intelligence in Finding strategies to deal with stress plays a fundamental role.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and mentalization-based therapy in improving the symptoms of people with a borderline personality disorder. The current research was with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of 1 month. The statistical population of this research was all the treatment seekers suffering from borderline personality disorder who had been referred to the psychological clinics of Urmia city in 1400, of which 45 people were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The first group received dialectical behavior therapy and the second group received mentalization-based therapy for 12 one-hour sessions, and the control group did not receive training. The borderline personality scale (STB, Leishnernig, 1999) was used to collect data. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. The findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy and treatment based on mentalization are effective in improving the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase as well (P<0.01). Also, the results of the Benferroni post hoc test showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a greater effect on improving the symptoms of borderline personality disorder (P<0.05). The results indicate more use of dialectical behavior therapy intervention to improve symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling in the form of acceptance and commitment therapy on the perception of pain and death anxiety in women with breast cancer. The method of this research was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period (2 months). The statistical population included all married women with breast cancer who were referred to the specialized and sub-specialized centers of Tehran hospitals in 2019. The research sample consisted of 40 of these women who were selected using the accessible method and randomly replaced in two groups of 20 people. Then, they were randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy counseling during 8 and 90-minute sessions. The data were collected using the Pain Perception Questionnaire (Melzak, 1975) (MGPQ), and Galt-Lester Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1969) (CL-FODS). The research data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). The results showed that group counseling based on the perception of pain and death anxiety was effective (P<0.05). It can be concluded that this intervention was able to reduce the perception of pain and death anxiety to a great extent, and therefore can be used in the treatment of cancer patients. The breast should be used.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion training on rumination and social anxiety of mothers with autistic children. The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, and control group with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included mothers with autistic children who were referred to Anwar Aftab Kotsar Jamil Rehabilitation Center in Qom City in 1400. 30 mothers who met the criteria to enter the research (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected by purposive sampling. Mindful self-compassion training sessions were held for the experimental group for 8 sessions, once a week, and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The tools used included Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (1987, LSAS) and Nolen Hoeksma and Marlow's Ruminative Responses Scale (1993, RRS). The collected data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The results showed that mindful self-compassion training is effective in reducing rumination and social anxiety of mothers with autistic children (P <0.05). Also, mindful self-compassion training has continued to reduce rumination and social anxiety of mothers with autistic children in the follow-up phase (P <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the training in mindful self-compassion program has been effective in reducing rumination and social anxiety of mothers with autistic children.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) and unified transdiagnostic treatment on the cognitive-emotional regulation of adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. The quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design, with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all teenagers who were referred to Khorramabad counseling centers between December 1400 and July 1401, and who received a definitive diagnosis of GAD from the psychologist and psychiatrist of the center. 45 people were purposive sampling method selected and placed in two experimental groups and one control group(15 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups, respectively, received unified transdiagnostic treatment and CBT during 12 sessions. The research tools were cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire(GERQ) (Garnefski & et al,2006). The data were analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. The results showed that both unified transdiagnostic treatment and cbt significantly increased adaptive emotion regulation and decreased maladaptive emotion regulation compared to the control group(P<0.01) and the effect of both intervention methods remained until the follow-up stage (2 months). Also, there is no significant difference between the effects of the two methods (P>0.01). Thus, an important step can be taken in reducing the consequences caused by the lack of emotion cognitive regulation in GAD by using any of the therapeutic approaches of CBT and unified transdiagnostic for emotion regulation in adolescents with GAD.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of positive psychotherapy and schema therapy on illogical beliefs and body image in women seeking cosmetic surgery. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population included all women seeking for cosmetic surgery who were referred to cosmetic surgery centers in Boroujerd, in 2021. Among them, 45 were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Positive psychotherapy was performed on the first group in 14 sessions of 90 minutes and schema therapy was performed on the second group in 12 sessions of 90 minutes for two months through Skype. Participants completed the Jones (1968) Illogical Beliefs Questionnaire and the Cash (2004) Body Image Questionnaire before and after the interventions. SPSS-21 software and multivariate analysis of covariance were used for data analysis. The results showed that positive psychotherapy and schema therapy reduced illogical beliefs and increased body image in women applying cosmetic surgery (p<0.001) and their recovery rate was higher than the participants in the control group (p>0.001). Moreover, the results of the follow-up test indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between these two groups in illogical beliefs and body image (P < 0.05). The obtained results point to the greater use of these two interventions to change the psychological variables involved in the tendency towards cosmetic surgeries.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of secure bonding, relationship care, and work-family balance in predicting the marital disaffection of married teachers during the Covid-19 quarantine period. The present research method is a correlational description. The statistical population included all the teachers of Semnan province in 1400, whose number was reported to be 8370. 379 people were selected by the available sampling method. The data collection tools included The Marital Disaffection Scale (Kayser, 1993, MDS), Secure Bonding Questionnaire (Johnson, 2008, SBQ), Caregiving in Romantic Relationships Questionnaire (Kunce & Shaver, CRRQ, 1994), and Family - Work Balance Questionnaire (Samadi, 2012, FWBQ). Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression analysis test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between safe bonding (P<0.01), relationship care dimensions (P<0.01), and work-family balance (P<0.01) with marital disaffection. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that 16.4% of the changes in marital disaffection are explained by the research variables. Therefore, marital disaffection of married teachers can be reduced by improving secure bonding, relationship care, and work-family balance skills.

Despite the prominent role of teachers in education and fulfillment of the objectives of the educational system, undoubtedly, it is important to pay attention to their work motivation factors.The aim of this research was to provide a themes network of effective factors on work motivation of teachers based on the identification of motivating factors. The present research method was qualitative with thematic analysis method and in terms of purpose, it is one of the applied researches. Participants in this research were 15 primary school teachers in Ravansar city who were selected purposefully and until the theoretical saturation. Data collection tool for this research was semi - structured interview and an interview was conducted with each of the teachers in July 2022. Thematic analysis was done by the Atride-Sterling method. The findings indicated 91 basic themes, 19 organizing themes of job involvement, personality trait of extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, psychological hardiness, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, social status of a teacher, building the future of students, considering the future of the country and building it, organizational commitment, job design, job demands, job security, organizational and social support, organizational climate, work environment and compensation and 2 global themes of internal and external factors. According to the results, each of the themes is effective in improving teachers' motivation, therefore, in order to have more dynamic schools and motivated teachers, and to improve the education system, education and school managers should pay special attention to the factors of teachers' job motivation.