فصلنامه راهبرد دفاعی
پیاپی 81 (بهار 1402)

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to create entrepreneurship opportunities for soldiers during their military service. To achieve this goal, with a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive method, collecting information through a library study and by summarizing and consensus of points of view and based on the collective wisdom of a number of professors and experts, the appropriate framework considering the innovative approach in solving problems On the one hand, and on the other hand, increasing skills and increasing the spirit of entrepreneurship, two basic criteria of "knowing the problem" and having the necessary "capacity" to solve it were counted. The findings show that the military period, on the one hand, is a good opportunity to use their knowledge capacity and capability due to diversity and plurality in creating opportunities or solving the problems of the armed forces, and on the other hand, by providing the necessary platforms by the armed forces, it can increase knowledge, skills , ability and capacity of entrepreneurship and employment of soldiers. From this point of view, while presenting a three-stage model for the development of soldiers' entrepreneurship, including creating a platform for entrepreneurship, guiding the entrepreneur in the action stage and finally stabilizing and institutionalizing entrepreneurship, the four methods of "soldier acceptance based on previous self-declaration", "soldier acceptance based on crowdsourcing" Baz", "soldier acceptance based on limited crowdsourcing" and "soldier acceptance based on self-declaration" were presented as methods of recruiting soldiers.

  This research was carried out with the aim of providing a suitable educational and research model for the university and defense research institute based on the hypothesis theory. The current research is an applied-developmental research type and was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach and foundational data theory (grounded theory) method. The statistical population in the department of library resources includes books and articles related to abject theory, and in the department of experts, there are 124 faculty members of Tehran universities. The sample in the library studies department was based on the full number sampling method (due to the small number of resources), including all the available resources, and in the specialist department based on the rule of reaching the saturation limit of 17 experts and to check the validity of the findings with the stratified random sampling method. A total of 97 people were selected as a sample. In order to formulate the model, interviews were used. The results showed that the presented model is a comprehensive, indigenous and religion-oriented model, and the characteristics of its main elements, i.e., content goals, knowledge-oriented student, professors, learning teaching strategies, evaluation strategies, output and quality of research processes were formulated. Based on the results, it is suggested that the curriculum planning office, the military strategic research center, the faculty and defense faculty empowerment office, and the quality assurance and evaluation office should be established in the university and the higher defense research institute, and the model should be experimentally implemented and reviewed in a faculty.

For military and civilian defense, the territorial arrangement of the defense forces is very important. Before the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, due to the influence and presence of the United States in Iran, this country had prepared Iran's air defense in order to protect its interests and counter the influence of the Eastern Bloc. Iran's Islamic Revolution was only brought in the form of political considerations within the framework of the grand goals of the infamous Pahlavi regime. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, within the framework of the defined service description, the process of planning was followed, in which defense-security considerations were addressed, but the air defense of the country was not addressed in an independent and comprehensive manner. The purpose of this research is to introduce the dimensions and components of the territory, including the characteristics of the territory, vulnerabilities, centers of gravity, the effect on the country's air defense system. This research is of an applied and developmental type, which was implemented with a mixed approach and a descriptive, analytical and correlational method. The number of members of the statistical population is 30 people, due to the limited size of the statistical sample, the sampling method was the entire population. Based on the results of this research, the most important territorial dimensions affecting the country's air defense system in order of importance are: weather conditions, natural hazards, vulnerable centers and centers of gravity.

Budgeting is the image of the organization's future, which is written in the framework of a financial plan containing revenue forecast and cost estimation, and makes the organization's policies and legal goals operational. The existence of appropriate budgeting at the macro level is one of the effective factors of achieving national interests, based on which the resources and requirements of effective strategies are determined. The type of this research is practical and with the aim of analyzing and comparing the budgeting process in military and private (non-governmental) organizations in the Republic of Iran in a case-by-case method. The purpose of this research is to compare the budgeting process in military and private (non-governmental) organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran.The method of collecting the required data and information is library, documentary and field. In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were designed and distributed among the statistical population of 62 experts who have experience in jobs related to the subject. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS software have been used to summarize and evaluate the research questions. The results of the research show that in military organizations, budgeting is based on the measures and menus and orders of the Supreme Leader and the Commander-in-Chief, has a threat-oriented and mission-oriented approach and is coordinated with the guidelines for compiling the country's budget and its cash accounting; But in private (non-governmental) institutions and organizations, this is based on the prospects and gaining the benefits of the organization with competitor-oriented, profit-oriented approaches and accrual accounting and budgeting based on the company's or organization's budget policies.

The amount and quality of stability and security of society is the result of security governance. The purpose of this article is to explain the consequences of rentier political economy on security governance. Security governance is one of the most important categories that statesmen should not neglect. The problem of this research is that until now, no consistent research with scientific methods has been done on the consequences of rentier political economy on security governance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the consequences of rentier political economy on the security governance of countries with rentier economy. The statistical sample of this research is 50 academic and armed forces experts who were chosen non-randomly. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method and the two-stage distribution of the questionnaire were used, and to determine the reliability of the test, the initial sample of the questionnaire was pretested among experts, and with the help of SPSS software, the reliability coefficient was obtained with the "Cronbach's alpha" method greater than 0.8. In the following, using SPSS software, in order to prioritize the factors arising from rentier political economy and their impact on security governance according to the type of data, chi-square and Friedman tests, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression were used. The analysis of the collected data shows that the political economy of rent creates obstacles in the field of formation of appropriate platforms, process and results of the desired security governance. Findings show that political economy, due to the mutual influence on structures and processes, has an irreplaceable role in the formation and management of processes related to security governance. Security governance needs to strengthen "socialization of power" and "popularization of security".
Key words: rentier political economy, security governance, policy making, popularization of security.

The subject of World War I and II, due to its expansion and universality, and in terms of its very deep and general effects on the process of the rise and fall of powers, the emergence of new countries and systems, and the destruction of some countries and systems, had important effects on new political agreements and the lives of nations. had. The purpose of this research is to adapt the military strategies used in the ground battles of the first and second world wars. According to the nature of the subject and in the way of answering the main and secondary questions, in this research, the method of content analysis was used to conceptualize the data and the method of comparative study was used to examine and analyze the subject. In terms of the type of research, it is in the category of developmental research. The method and tool of collecting information and data is also library-documentary. The results of the research show that in the First World War, fire and in the Second World War, mobility played the main role. The arrival of tanks in World War I and airplanes in World War II changed the nature of war in the field of technology. The depth of the battlefield in the Second World War increased compared to the first due to the increase in the range of weapons. Change and transformation in strategic tools from fire to mobility and the fourth dimension of war, i.e. the importance of "time" became more obvious. Diversity in fighting methods, maneuverability and flexibility in the field was introduced as a superior factor. The goals were explored not only from the military aspect, but also from many political, economic, social, strategic, etc. aspects.