نشریه مدیریت دانش سازمانی
پیاپی 20 (بهار 1402)

Innovation is an important indicator for organizations because it creates value and sustainable competitive advantage in the current complex and changing environment. More innovative organizations are more successful than other organizations in responding to changing environments and creating and expanding new capabilities and achieving better performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on the innovation performance of Iraqi small and medium enterprises with the mediating role of innovation capability and moderating Connection strength and networking scale. The statistical population of this research is all managers and vice presidents of small and medium companies in Iraq, whose number is unknown; According to Klein's thumb method (5 to 10 times the number of items), the number of members of 170 people was selected non-randomly. The research tool was Dongling et al.'s (2022) questionnaire, which was used to test the validity of content validity and experts' approval, and for construct validity, construct validity, convergent and divergent validity were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was done with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (more than 0.7). Data analysis was done by structural equation method with PLS software. The results showed that the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on innovation performance with the mediation of innovation capability was significant (t=2.559). In addition, the moderating role of networking scale (t=2.671) and Connection strength (t=3.651) in the effect of organizational knowledge sharing on innovation ability has been reported.

The concept of national innovation system has attracted a lot of attention during the last three decades. Modern theories describe the national innovation system as a set of organizations and institutions in the process of creating, distributing, and using knowledge and technologies with the aim of achieving strategic goals such as the sustainable development of the economic system and helping to increase the competitiveness of its subjects including governments at the international level interact. The purpose of the current research is to present the framework of the national innovation system based on the knowledge functions and the knowledge role of the actors of this system and to achieve this framework, the approach of systematic research synthesis has been used. Based on this, by studying and examining in depth 180 study sources in the form of articles, books, reports and other documents, six main knowledge functions including "creation, acquisition, dissemination, development, exploitation, and commercialization of knowledge" and four support functions including "support and foundation, financing", mediation and policy-making and regulation" and seven main actors "government, research organizations, financial institution - financial institutions, universities, and higher education centers, industry, intermediaries, society and supporters, and enablers" were defined. Based on main and supporting functions, related roles were extracted and actors were categorized based on roles. The final result of the research is the framework of the national innovation system with a focus on knowledge functions and a new category of actors identified in 5 related layers, including the main knowledge function as the most central layer, layers of supporting knowledge functions, knowledge roles and actors as the next layers and Finally, it presents the classification of the subsystems of the national innovation system based on the helix cycle and as the outermost layer.

Knowledge is the main intellectual capital of any organization. Sharing and using the knowledge that lies in the minds and capabilities of people is one of the most important strategies for the all-round growth of organizations in today's era. This research is practical in terms of purpose and by applying mechanism design theory in knowledge management, it seeks to create and share tacit knowledge and latent expertise of each individual to adapt the organization to the interaction environment full of competition and flexibility in the face of environmental changes. The desired goal of the organization is to take advantage of the opportunities that arise in the dynamic environment to maintain the competitive advantage by using the effective management of knowledge resources. To facilitate the work processes of the organization, it is necessary to design, ensure and establish consistent mechanisms in order to create sufficient internal motivations to ensure full alignment between the individual optimizations of employees and the desired goal of the organization. In this research, proper to monitoring has been investigated in research organizations in order to ensure the correct performance of the tasks assigned to the project manager. From library method, study of rules and regulations in research organizations and subject literature, data has been collected and analyzed through mechanism design theory techniques. The results of this study show that people do not share their information, knowledge, and abilities without having proper incentives. The findings of this research show that the theory of mechanism design can guarantee the effectiveness of knowledge management in monitoring the correct implementation of research stages by creating sufficient internal motivations in the supervisor of the project to share tacit knowledge. The present research can be effective in increasing the awareness of managers of research organizations in order to properly monitor research projects and achieve the goals of the organization.

Knowledge management strategies help auto parts technology companies tailor their products and services and personalize all communications with customers based on their identified needs. Giving importance to knowledge management strategies leads to increase in knowledge and ultimately economic profitability. The aim of the current research is to achieve the design of the model of influential factors in creating a knowledge management strategy in the automotive parts technology companies in Iran. In terms of method, this research is a part of mixed exploratory research with qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the research, theoretical foundations and previous studies have been used to determine the components and indicators of the research; Then, using the structural-interpretive method (ISM), the leveling of the factors has been done. The findings indicate that the development of procedures variable is at the first level and the intellectual property protection variable is at the second level. Also, the variables of protection of common knowledge and software infrastructure and exploitation of the two-level system of the learner are at level three. The variables of hardware infrastructure and discovery of common knowledge base and continuous improvement of organizational performance are at the fourth level. In the quantitative part, using random cluster sampling method, 217 people from Iran Khodro parts field managers were selected and with SmartPLS software and Confirmatory factor analysis method has been done. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of creating a knowledge management strategy in automotive parts technology companies in Iran.

Nowadays, the need to address the role of networks has become increasingly important for the armed forces due to the limited resources on the one hand and the frequency of missions on the other hand. The network helps to give the right answer to the right people in war and in defense. Also, the network greatly reduces the fixed costs of war, including repairs and maintenance, readiness and support, as well as transportation costs. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify the role of networks in solving defense innovation bottlenecks in the eight years of holy defense. This research has worked in the scope of symbolic-interpretive research and inductive approach and based on the interview technique with targeted sampling and through snowballing in data collection. According to the type of data that often required the exploration of themes, the method of theme analysis was used. 17 people of science and technology experts, high-ranking officials of readiness and support, relevant ministers during the war and high-ranking commanders of holy defense have been interviewed in depth, and their tacit knowledge turned into explicit knowledge. In total, 173 primary themes, 22 basic themes and 7 central themes were extracted as the most key components. The final model shows the existence of three main network categories, including the organizational network (reviewing goals and policies supporting innovation and protecting innovation), national (focusing on the promotion of national social capital, innovative resource management, innovative human resource management) and international (soft management of knowledge and technology). in the international arena and the promotion of religious knowledge in the resistance front. Also, the model has specified the main functions of each of the networks.

Today, many factors affect the reduction of performance, efficiency and effectiveness of managers in knowledge-based organizations, one of which is the cognitive fatigue of managers. The cognitive fatigue of managers refers to the issue that the manager's mind has lost its ability due to the reduction of intellectual capacity and rational ability due to conflict with non-functional, secondary and unimportant issues and in performing its main tasks such as decision-making and planning. Rezi works in a weak way. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of recognizing and understanding the phenomenon of cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations and analyzing the influencing factors and consequences with the FCM method. This research is based on a mixed method and based on qualitative and quantitative research, which, from the point of view of philosophy, is included in the category of inductive comparative research. Therefore, the current research is an exploratory research in terms of practical purpose in terms of gathering information. The statistical population of the research is experts and experts in knowledge-based organizations, who were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the principle of sufficiency. The tool for collecting information is the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative part of the questionnaire, whose validity and reliability are respectively determined by using content validity and theoretical validity, intra-coder and extra-coder reliability methods for the interview, and content validity and retest reliability for the questionnaire. It has been confirmed. Qualitative data were analyzed with Atlas.ti software and content analysis and coding method, and quantitative data were analyzed with FCM fuzzy mapping method. The results of this research indicate that being in uncontrollable and stressful situations, job and emotional burnout of managers, and impaired cognitive abilities due to having the highest degree of centrality, are the most important antecedent factors of cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations. . Also, the phenomenon of intellectual freezing, reducing the cognitive flexibility of managers and weakening the analysis ability of managers were identified as the most important factors behind the cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations