نشریه مهندسی گاز ایران
پیاپی 16 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

The possibility of storing carbohydrates for countries that export these products allows them to have the upper hand in international negotiations and bargaining in addition to maintaining the production process. Since surface reservoirs have many limitations and also have low reliability in terms of security, it is necessary for countries to turn to strategic (subsurface) reservoirs for oil and gas storage. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the desired locations for the construction of strategic oil and gas reservoirs in Iran. In this research, the identification of strategic and important criteria for the location of subsurface reservoirs by experienced experts using the free questionnaire was the first tool in identifying the optimal location criteria, and the results were screened by a team of experts. A total of 22 criteria were identified for prioritizing the desired location, and the experts (including 10 experts) prioritized the locations first by using the analytical hierarchy process method, and then by adding restrictions to the results of the analytical hierarchy process, a linear programming model was created. Defined that the results obtained from its solution show that the most important criteria in prioritizing reservoirs are geotechnical limitations and issues related to costs. It was also determined that the most suitable places for the construction of strategic reservoirs are the cities of Gachsaran, Chabahar, Ganaveh, Parsian and Jask respectively. The final desirable result of this research was the selection of the twin cities of Gachsaran, Chabahar and Ganaveh for the strategic storage of underground reservoirs.</em>

In this study, the estimation of price, income and cross elasticities of gas demand in the selected group of high income and middle -income countries in the period of 1990-2020 has been done using the panel data method. The results of the estimation of the model using the fixed effects method showed that gas is an inelastic commodity in the group of selected countries. The price elasticity of natural gas in the group of selected high income and middle-income countries is 0.256077 and 0.196553 respectively. The reaction of gas consumers in the group of selected high-income countries is higher than the group of selected middle-income countries to the same change in the price of gas and also, the results of income elasticity showed that gas is an essential commodity in the group of selected countries. The income elasticity of gas in the group of selected high-income and middle-income countries is 0.355611 and 0.490959, respectively, and finally, the results of cross-elasticity estimation showed that electricity is a substitute for gas in the group of selected countries. The cross-elasticity of gas compared to the price of electricity in the group of selected high-income and middle-income countries is 0.029562 and 0.091683, respectively. The reaction of gas consumers in the group of selected middle-income countries to the same change in income and price of electricity is more than that of the group of selected high-income countries. 

The aim of this study was to design a model for </em>Churn from </em>natural gas consumers in Mazandaran province. The research method was applied and descriptive which was done with a mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population was 10 experts in the qualitative stage and natural gas consumers in the quantitative stage. The sample size was 384 people and simple random sampling was used. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation method with Smart PLS3 software was used to design the model. The results showed that the effective factors on turning away natural gas consumers include 11 components in 7 dimensions (social and cultural, economic, technology, environmental, political, internal and legal factors). The results also showed social and cultural (0.698), economic (0.855), technology (0.756), environmental (0.762), political (0.872), internal factors (0.831) and Legal (0.755) have a significant effect on turning away natural gas consumers.</em>

In various countries, strict rules are considered for reducing sulfur in the fuels. Oxidative desulfurization is known as one of the best complementary methods for the hydro-desulfurization. In this paper, using the response surface methodology, the effects of initial sulfur concentration in the naphtha fuel, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the sulfur conversion were investigated in the presence of zeolite supported zinc Oxide catalyst. </em>Experiments were conducted at the conditions as follows: T=303.15-323.15 K, t=20-40 min, and initial sulfur concentration=150-250 ppm. </em>Analysis of variance showed that the linear factorial model well fitted the experimental data. All the parameters as well as the interaction between reaction time and temperature affected the response, significantly. Maximum sulfur conversion of 90% was achieved at the temperature of 320 K, reaction time of 40 min, and initial sulfur concentration of 244 ppm.</em>

In this research, the CFD simulation of the high-pressure flare (HP) of the 5th South Pars Refinery was carried out in industrial dimensions in order to evaluate the effects of the geometrical parameters of the flare type on the combustion characteristics of the flare (flame shape and position). The CFD model was developed considering all transport phenomena (momentum, heat, mass transfer, radiation, turbulence and chemical reactions). In order to avoid numerical errors, proper meshing was done. The results of the developed calculation model include the temperature and velocity profile (shape and nature of the flame), the concentration profile of the gas species sent to the furnace, as well as the species profile of the combustion products. The results of CFD simulation show that in the HP Flare, in the operational status, the increase in the temperature of the Flare tip due to the impact of the flame is negligible, so its performance is suitable with the current amount of sweep gas. Therefore, the further reduction of the gas sent to the HP flare is not justified because the flame may be drawn into the flare network, or due to the very low height of the flame and the ambient wind speed, the surface temperature of the flare tip and wind shield may increase, which in the long run time will cause the destruction of the surface of the flare tip and its total replacement. If the wind speed is higher than usual (strong local winds), the return of the flame inside the flare tip should be controlled with the amount of fuel gas.

The common view in the field of selling and transporting natural gas is that gas is produced, sold and transported according to market needs. But since gas is usually not consumed immediately after production, it needs to be stored before reaching the final consumer. Gas storage is essentially a means to store and supply it in order to regulate the energy market. Due to the access to storage facilities and the fact that the possibility of building tanks is not available for all market participants for several reasons, including the lack of economic justification. Therefore, the owners of the facilities enter into a contract with the storage customer. The main topic of this research is to examine legal obstacles and challenges of storage service contracts, especially in underground storage. In this research, knowledge of the components and content of storage services contract and the operational, commercial and legal principles that are required to conclude a contract are provided.