International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:9 Issue: 33, Spring 2024

This is a mixed method developmental and applied type of research. In the study’s qualitative section,15 experts were interviewed, selected via the snowball method. Moreover, the required categories and concepts were extracted utilizing the grounded theory. In the quantitative part, using the mentioned concepts, a Likert scale questionnaire was designed and provided to 302 accounting and auditing graduate and PhD students in at the universities of Tehran, Karaj, Ghazvin and Zanjan. The sample size was determined utilizing the Morgan table and the sample was selected via the random sampling method. The SPSS24 and LISSREL 8.8 software were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the qualitative component of the research, the consequences include: Increased accountability (5 concepts), social capital (5 concepts), cost management (2 concepts), teamwork (2 concepts), organizational attitude (4 concepts). Furthermore, the underlying conditions affecting auditing firms fighting against corruption are: Administrative-managerial failures (6 concepts), sociocultural failures (7 concepts). The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis in the quantitative part also confirmed the model derived from the qualitative section.

Economic growth is strongly depend on financial institutions and many economic activities are in need of lending from banking system, so one of the challenges of managers in banking is making proper lending decisions. this study investigates the effect of peer-banks behavior on lending decisions. We consider both characteristics (size, liquidity, profit, growth, credit risk) and lending behaviors on bank`s loan lending decisions. Data from 19 banks and financial institutions accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2015 to 2020 has been applied with both panel-data method and convolutional neural network(CNN) to find out if there is any convergent behavior. According to results, the bank`s characteristic(size, profitability, liquidity and risk) have a significant impact on loan lending decisions; also the average lending rate of other banks and financial institutions has a negative impact on bank loan lending behavior. So according to panel-data model lending decisions in banks are not convergent, and banks do not imitate their counterparts in making their lending decisions; but average liquidity in the industry and the average credit risk of rivals have a positive and significant impact on loan lending decisions. Examining hypotheses by the convolutional neural network method also showed a divergent relationship between lending decisions of similar banks by considering all the features. In fact, banks do not imitate lending decisions in the same way, but they consider the information of industry and similar banks in their decisions. Therefore, banks should be aware of the psychological impact of competitors' decisions and the characteristics of similar.

The paper aims to study the sentiments of professional and non-professional investors on Critical Audit Matters (CAM) according to International Auditing Standard No 701. The paper, however, is survey-based, and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical sample includes 100 investors, 50 professional investors, and 50 non-professional investors who have been purposefully selected and available (professional investors include managers of investment firms and non-professional ones consist of undergraduate and graduate students majoring in management and accounting, who do not have a professional background and whose investment activities are not considered part of their professional activities). Findings show modifies in the level of disclosure reported by the auditor on the quality of reporting, the level of credibility of the firm's management, and the amount of investment, and modification in the level of credibility of the firm's management on the level of auditors' confidence, quality of reporting and the amount of investment. Furthermore, there is no difference between the modification in the level of disclosure reported by the auditor and the credibility of the firm's management on the auditor's independence and the risk of material misstatement not reported by the auditor. From the point of view of professional investors, in other words, events with the highest risk of material misstatement of the auditor's report, the auditor's assessment of major events and transactions, and matters that are relevant to the auditor's professional judgment in the financial statements would further affect their decision to invest. However, this is not the case for

Developing and establishing a logistics network is a strategic decision that its impacts last many years. Because of changes in customer’s demand over time a logistics network should be developed in an efficient manner that can respond to uncertainties. The objective of this research is to define the number of returned products to minimize total cost and delay time of reverse logistics. In this research, a fuzzy bi-objective optimization model was introduced in the reverse logistics system. The aim of this research is to determine the number of returned products that should be delivered to be recovered, processed and re manufactured in different time periods so that the total cost of reverse logistics and delay time to be minimized. To deal with ambiguity in the reverse logistics network, a fuzzy approach has been applied. To solve the problem in large scale, meta-heuristic algorithms of Cuckoo and Genetic were employed by applying MATLAB software. In order to compare two optimization algorithms, a series of sample problems have been generated then the results of the two algorithms were compared and superiority of each of them was discussed.

The present study has investigated the relationship between social trust and accounting conservatism with emphasis on the role of internal control in listed companies of Tehran stock exchange. In order to find the answer of designed questions, the data of 125 companies of Tehran stock exchange during 10 years from the beginning of 2011 to the end of 2020 were extracted and statistical test were performed on them. The method of present research is descriptive-correlation and it’s design is experimental and uses an Ex-post fact research design. In order to test research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression has been used which is based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and time series used statistical methods and econometrics to investigate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Findings of research showed that there is a significant and negative relation between social trust and accounting conservatism, also there is a significant and negative relation between internal controls and accounting conservatism; and internal controls do not balance the relation between the social trust and accounting conservatism.

In most of the existing research on investment portfolio optimization, it is assumed, usually implicitly, that investors’ portfolios are managed individually and independently. However, in reality, portfolio managers typically manage the accounts (i.e., portfolios) of multiple client-investors simultaneously and decisions made for one client’s portfolio may induce a market impact cost that impairs the performance of not only that client’s account, but other clients’ accounts as well. This suggests that there may be transaction-induced performance interdependencies across all portfolios. This implies that utility-maximization for all of an investment manager’s clients (collectively) requires a multi-portfolio optimization model. That is the objective of this study. Specifically, this study models multi-portfolio optimization using data drawn from the Tehran Stock Exchange while considering market impact costs on all portfolios, and the fair allocation of such costs.In other words, the main objective of the present study is to find the suitable model for market impacts and optimizing multiple portfolios with mutual behavioral effects on each other. For this purpose, ISTAR model is used to obtain market impacts and a model is introduced and implemented using data of selected stocks from Tehran Stock Exchange in 1398. Comparison of the results obtained from the model introduced in this paper and the classic optimization models indicate that the manager's performance and customers' utility, within the framework of the proposed model, are higher than they would be if the interdependence among the accounts is not taken into consideration. Thus, the proposed framework outperforms other models.

In spite numerous researches on ranking method based on intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, there has not been any study on preference degree based on intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. This paper extends a preference criterion for ranking intuitionistic fuzzy numbers inspire by a well known method of ranking fuzzy numbers. The main properties of the extended preference degree will be also studied into the space of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In addition, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed ranking method is examined via an applied example related to the multi-criteria group decision-making based on intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic terms. The proposed method also compared with some common methods of ranking intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Through specific theoretical and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed preference criterion provide us with a useful and valuable way to handle intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in many practical applications of decision making such as multiple attributes group decision-making based on linguistic variables.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities can affect the firm value. In this study, we are using the data of 137 companies which are listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2004 to 2020, and also, we are using the combined data approach and the relationship between cash flows resulting from operating activities, investments, and financing and the value of the company has been investigated. Based on the results which have been indicated the cash from operating activities and financing have a positive and significant relationship with firm value and the relationship between cash flows from operating activities and company value, are included in some companies with positive net cash flows, which would also more than other companies. Cash flows from operating and financing activities can affect and increase the value of companies that are surveyed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The present study aimed to explain the relationship between the emotional intelligence components ‎and auditor's ethical judgment by considering the personality traits of extroversion. The research ‎method was applied in terms of objective and correlation in terms of descriptive method. ‎Emotional intelligence was considered as an independent variable and ethical judgment as a ‎dependent variable. In addition, extroversion trait was considered as a moderating variable. The ‎population included certified public accountants who were members of the Iranian Society of ‎Certified Public Accountants working in the auditing organization in ‎‏2019‏‎. The total number was ‎about ‎‏1400‏‎ subjects. Sampling was calculated through Morgan table and Cochran's formula as ‎‏385‏‎ people and the samples were selected by simple random method. Two questionnaires and a ‎scenario were used to measure the variables.In order to analyze the results, a structural model with ‎Smart PLS software was used. The results indicated a positive relationship between emotional ‎intelligence and ethical judgment Extraversion has a significant effect on the interaction between ‎self-motivation and ethical judgment, as well as between self-awareness with ethical judgment and ‎modulates the relationship. But, it has no modulating effect on the relationship between self-‎control, empathy, social skills, and ethical judgment.‎

Surviving in highly competitive industries and attaining sustainable market growth require firms to continuously invest in R&D projects in order to innovate in products and technology. Literature shows that R&D investment can be significantly influenced by uncertainties in a firm’s external and internal environments. The purpose of this study is determining the role of product market competition on relation between environmental uncertainty and R&D Investment. The present research is of practical type in terms of purpose and has descriptive- correlational nature. The statistic population includes all active firms in Tehran securities market between 2013 to 2019. By using systematic removal method, 122 firms were chosen as sample. In order to investigate the relation between research variables, multivariate regression has been used. The results indicated that there is a negative and significant relation between environmental uncertainty and R&D Investment in Tehran securities market. Also, the product market competition negative relation between environmental uncertainty and R&D Investment will strengthen it.

The present study first seeks to study and analyze the different stages of the life cycle in the Hormozgan Gas Company and then implements costing based on product life cycle of the company. The data in the present study are extracted from financial statements and interviews with financial, technical, safety and health experts. The present study is an applied study and a case study that has been done for the years 2012 to 2020. The results of research based on Di Angelo method show that the company is in a decline stage and should take urgent measures to increase sales of its product or look for an alternative product. Examination of the life cycle by Dickinson method showed that the company is in the stage of maturity and will soon enter the stage of decline, so the managers of the company should seek to increase cash flows. Also, the calculation of the cost of life of the product showed that the mentioned cost is significantly different from the cost based on accounting standards, to the extent that in 2020, the application of the mentioned costing in income statement reduces the gross profit by 25%.

Market’s lack of adherence to classical financial theories like the efficient market as well as other classical theories has made financial researchers and analysts seek for ethology in the stock market. Derived from modern financial theories and conflicting classical financial theories, investor’s emotional inclinations may explain many abnormalities in the stock market. Research in this regard reveals that the investor’s emotional features may affect the level of investment through affecting the investment behavior in the firm. Moreover, better disclosure of information can affect the firm’s investment behavior via affecting emotions. This study is mainly aimed at investigating the relationship between investor’s emotional inclinations, the investment level, and information disclosure quality. To this end, the information of 98 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange over a 7-years period (2013-2019) was investigated using a multivariate regression model based on the panel data method. The model estimation results revealed that emotions may affect the investment behavior of small firms and the firms’ better disclosure quality has a significant relationship with the small firms’ investment behavior through affecting emotions. These relationships were not confirmed for large firms. Furthermore, the significance of the whole regression model may be concluded given F statistic. Based on Durbin-Watson statistics, there is no strong autocorrelation between the research variables.

Analyzing the market situation and examining the trend of changes in its indicators is one of the important issues in the field of investment and one of the important topics in financial science studies. The present study aims to evaluate the consequences of profit distortion on stock returns, the information of the financial statements of 98 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 1394 and 1399. This research is a descriptive research in correlation with the applied approach in order to compile theoretical foundations and backgrounds from valid scientific sources and to collect data from financial statements and attachments contained in the Codal site and information provided on the stock exchange Tehran securities site have been used. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the probability of fraud according to the F index and the M index of companies and stock returns. There is also a significant difference between the returns of companies with the possibility of fraud according to F index and M index with other companies.

Web-based financial reporting language is considered as a standard in order to prepare, establish, exchange, and analyze information through the Internet. Therefore, financial reporting through the information disclosure on the Internet will lead to a better understanding of financial statements by users, which will increase the financial reporting readability. Therefore, this research aimed to provide a comprehensive index to measure implementing web-based financial reporting and to examine the effect of the current model on the company's financial reporting readability since 2007 to 2019. The assessment of the web-based financial reporting implementation model was through a questionnaire distributed among 60 experts from professors and financial managers, who had experience in the research field. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was used in order to measure the relationship between the latent variable of implementing web-based financial reporting and its measurement items. Results showed that the proposed model is a suitable indicator for the implementation of web-based financial reporting. Also, web-based financial reporting increased the financial reporting readability