Chemical Methodologies
Volume:7 Issue: 6, Jun 2023

A new furfural Schiff base derivative ligand (L-FSB) named N-(4-Bromo-2-methylphenyl)-1-(furan-2-yl)methanimine, was synthesized from the condensation reaction of furfural (fur) with 4-Bromo-2-methylaniline (bma) in 1:1molar ratio. A new series of VO(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) metal complexes are synthesized according to the metal content analysis in an 2:1 ligand:metal ratio. The stereochemistry of the ligand complexes have been deduced by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR), Atomic Adsorption (A.A), Ultra violate-Visible Spectra (UV-Vis Spectra), (Mass Spectra, Proton,13Carbon-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) (1H-NMR,13C-NMR) for ligand), magnetic susceptibility at 25oC and conductivity measurements. From the FT-IR data the coordination behavior of the ligand is a neutral monodentate ligand coordinate to the metal ions through azometane nitrogen. Electronic spectra analysis study revealed that the suggested geometrical structure of all complexes are distorted octahedral geometry except Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are tetrahedral and this study was confirmed by magnetic moment and conductance measurements. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized Schiff base ligand and its complexes were screened against three pathogenic microbes: Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), and fungal strains (Candida albicans) were identified the most efficient biologically active compounds. The results of studies showed that potential is related to the structure and nature of ligand and their complexes.

In this study, reversed flow injection analysis (rFIA) spectrophotometric method was used for determination of Tenoxicam (TNX) in pure and pharmaceutical forms. This method was based on the charge transfer interaction of TNX with 0.005 M of Metol reagent (MFS) in the presence of 0.02 M of potassium persulfate as oxidant agent. Color product was formed give absorbance measured at λmax=530 nm with ratio 2:1. All optimum physical and chemical conditions were studied. Linearity of TNX was observed at the range of 2-140 µg.mL-1 and the detection limit was 1.393. However, quantitation limit was 4.643 µg.mL-1. The method offered correlation coefficient, (r:0.9997) in rFIA applied for TNX pharmaceutical tablets give good values, by the comparison between rFIA results and UV results, using the standard addition method taken 20 µg/ml amount for one concentration of Tenoxicam give accurate quantitation of drug, the rFIA, the best analysis and the suggested method could be utilized for pharmaceutical analysis.

Salinity stress alters several physiological and biochemical traits, resulting in reduced yields in different plants. Triticale, which is a hybrid of wheat and rye, is one of the most interesting and valuable plants in the late nineteenth century. Unfortunately, in recent years, due to the problem of salinity stress in most agricultural environments in Iran, it is impossible to grow this valuable plant, and its production and cultivation in the country have stopped. The source used in this study was an iodine-131 source with different activities in which triticale seeds have been exposed to gamma iodine-131 radiation at intervals of 1 to 6 days. Samples were irradiated at doses of 0-23-50-63-80-95-110 Gy, and then cultured in the laboratory. Among the irradiated samples, 63 Gy sample was the best sample in terms of germination rate and was selected to apply salinity stress with a range of 0 and 150 mM NaCl. After 10 days of stress application, different physiological and biochemical traits of triticale seedlings were tested. The results of analysis of variance showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all measured physiological and biochemical traits. In addition, the interaction of salinity and radiation on all traits except for peroxidase was significant. By radiation, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, increased, while oxidative stress parameters, such as hydrogen peroxidase and malondialdehyde reduced considerably. Consequently, radiation at a dose of 63 Gy improved the biological traits of the plant and created more resistance to salinity stress in the triticale plant.

Among the important factors that affect the stability of 3D Perovskite cell are humidity, ultraviolet radiation, oxygen, and temperature. Therefore, different methods have been tried to solve the stability problem of perovskite material and increase the lifetime of perovskite solar cell. In this research, two strategies were used to improve the thermal, optical, and moisture stability of the material. The first strategy is to use four amino Azobenzenes and to halide them, which, due to the property of transitioning between their cis and trans spatial forms, absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation and creates thermal balance, and thus improves stability. In this research, by reacting this material with chlorine, a new cation was prepared for the synthesis of two-dimensional perovskite. In the second strategy, perovskite solar cells were encapsulated using silica airgel minerals and epoxy resin adhesive. The stability of the devices exposed to the environment, UV light and 80-85% temperature was investigated. The results of optical and moisture stability show the stability improvement of encapsulated devices. According to test results in dark conditions, with ambient humidity of 27% or 30%, encapsulation has improved stability. After placing the best device for 30 days in the environment conditions, it has maintained approximately 71% of its efficiency. Also, in the results of the UV light and humidity test, the improvement of the performance of devices with encapsulation has been observed.

The advanced biological technologies, including genetic engineering, have an important role in providing the requirements for the large demands of food for human if they are used in the right direction and in accordance with the control of safety procedures and within the ethics of scientific researches, since the chicken constitutes one of the important food for mankind, samples were taken from chicken at the same weight and age, and were divided into two groups: the first being a control group that were feed with regular food for 1, 14, and 28 days and the second group was feed with genetically modified food  for the same time period (for both groups and for each time point the used number of the chicken was = 15). The levels of testosterone and progesterone hormones were measured using the ELISA device and determination of heavy metal (pb and Cd). The results showed the presence of highly significant differences (p<0.0001) in [testosterone] after 28 days of feeding with GMF with no significant differences (p=0.9996 and p=0.5305) in those which were feed for (1 or 14) days. As for progesterone level, there was a highly significant difference (p=0.0003) in those after 14 days of feeding with GMF and very highly increase (p<0.0001) after 28 days of GMF feeding compared with those that were on a regular food with non- significant differences after1 day of GMF feeding. As for heavy metal (pb and Cd) shows highly concentration of serum in chicken Pb (1.453) and Cd (1.511).

In the present study, an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous phase-transfer catalyst was prepared through the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles with ethylenediamine and polyethylene glycol. After being characterized by various physico-chemical techniques, the bifunctional magnetic nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous phase-transfer catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation of aryl aldehydes with active methylene compounds under mild and green conditions. This procedure has several advantages such as high yield of products, short time of reaction, easy workup, mild reaction conditions, low amount of catalyst, and catalyst recoverability.

A sensitive and eco-friendly cloud point extraction (CPE) method was suggested for pre-concentration of micrograms amount of doxycycline hyclate (DOX) in pure and dosage forms. The method was based on formation a sensitive azo-dye produced by diazotization reaction of DOX with diazotized sulfadimidine (DSD) in a basic medium. The Triton X-114 rich phase containing the orange azo-dye was dissolved in ethanol after extraction and identified at the maximum wavelength at 430 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The proposed approach was investigated with and without extraction, and a straightforward comparison between the batch and CPE procedures was accomplished. The effects of several analytical factors on the CPE method, such as reagent and base concentrations, surfactant amounts, incubation temperature, and time were extensively examined. For the batch and CPE techniques, the linear ranges of calibration curves were 2-8 and 0.3-6 µg/mL with the detection limits of 1.0 and 0.041 µg/mL, respectively, under the selected optimum conditions. According to percentage recoveries ranged from 97.6 to 101.8% and relative standard deviation values of less than 3.5% for both procedures, the suggested methods were accurate and precise. Batch and CPE methods were employed successfully and with excellent accuracy in routine analyses of DOX in pharmaceutical formulations.