The aim of the research is to determine the share of the construction budget of each province in the direction of achieving the goal of economic justice. For this purpose, the ideal planning technique, which is a multi-criteria decision model in the field of linear algebra, was used for 31 provinces of the country during the years 2014-2018. Economic justice based on the variables of the Gini coefficient, unemployment rate, percentage of gross production, percentage of literate, household dimension, economic participation rate, relative population density, investment ratio, the share of Tehran Stock Exchange transactions, roads, water, internet penetration coefficient, coefficient The penetration of social security insurance and the price index has been calculated.The results of the model optimization show that there is a difference between the distribution of the real construction budget and the ideal construction budget. Gilan was the only province where there was no difference between the calculated ideal construction budget and the actual construction budget allocated there. The provinces of West Azarbaijan, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan, Sistan, Baluchistan, Fars, Kerman, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Mazandaran, and Hormozgan have a positive deviation, which means that the allocation is more than the ideal amount, and the rest of the provinces have a negative deviation, which means that the allocation is less than the amount. It is ideal.Based on the obtained results, it is suggested to use new and more efficient budgeting methods, especially the methods that measure, observe and track the targeted indicators of the system. It is also suggested that the share of Ardabil, Alborz, Ilam, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, North Khorasan, Zanjan, Semnan, Qazvin, Qom, Markazi, Hamedan, and Yazd provinces in the allocation of construction credits and in order to increase economic justice in the country's provinces, which is deviating More than negative one have to be increased.

Abstract In a highly competitive environment, active businesses in the world seek to maximize their profits through more sales and newer consumer markets. But the main problem is the lack of positive responses or even receiving negative responses from most of their customers because they aren't focused at the time or even because customers are more sensitive to the security of their personal information and consider receiving unwanted advertisements as a kind of nuisance. Marketers have created many concepts to attract more customers to their messages, and although they seem complex and unusual, have many applications in the process of business success. Permission marketing introduced by Godin (1999) refers to direct marketing activities in that consumer satisfaction is required to contact and promote the products and services of a business to customers (via email, SM). This study was performed in 2 qualitative phases. First, by studying theoretical foundations, the most important dimensions of privacy in Permission Marketing were studied by the meta-Analysis method. Then, the research was done through a semi-structured interview with experts, senior managers, and customers. These interviews progressed to the point of saturation until no new component was mentioned. Finally, the appropriate factors and models were extracted via the FDAHP method.

The present study aimed to analyze the factors affecting sustainable urban agricultural development in 22 districts of the Tehran metropolis. This causal-comparative study was non-experimental in terms of controlling the studied variables. It was based on a survey strategy and sought to discover the relationships between the dimensions of urban agriculture, as well as those between variables through using a structural equation model. Additionally, the study was correlational research of variance-covariance matrix analysis type because of applying the structural equation modeling to assess the intended conceptual model. The statistical population included all residents in Tehran city who practiced farming in the city environment (urban agriculture) during 2018 under the supervision of the municipalities of 22 districts (n: 240). Further, the sample size was estimated at 145 by considering the table of Bartlett et al. (2001), followed by selecting the participants by using a stratified random sampling method (according to their district). A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized, the validity of which was determined by using content and construct validity. Furthermore, the reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, sequential theta, and composite reliability tests. In this study, the urban farmers of Tehran introduced the social, economic, spatial, environmental, and subjective components as important, respectively. Based on the model of the factors affecting the sustainable urban agricultural development in the 22 districts of Tehran metropolis, subjective, economic, spatial, social, and environmental dimensions with the coefficients of 0.24, 0.19, 0.14, 0.09, and 0.08 had the greatest effect on sustainable urban development, respectively.

Knowledge of the location of the blind fault and revealing fault length in urban areas are so critical. Moreover, recognizing and direct study of faults' location calls for selecting a proper approach to study the faults due to areas being covered with thick quaternary sediments and lack of faults outcrop in many areas. In doing so, one of the commonest methods is using geophysical methods. The study explored the blind faults of Banesh Plain in Fars, Iran using geoelectrical sampling with a Schlumberger array and integrating it with field sampling and direct observations. Accordingly, 30 soundings and 10 profiles were developed in this regard, and sections and pseudo-sections were analyzed. The results showed the existence of two fault zones along the northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast, and it seems that the conduction of groundwater in the mentioned area is under the influence of these two main zones.

The current research has been done with the aim of studying the effect of social media on customers' brand attitudes and purchase intention. This research is applied research in which customers of all tea brands in chain stores were selected as the statistical population of the research, and 277 customers were selected as the statistical sample of the research. The required data were collected through a questionnaire tool, whose content validity and reliability were also confirmed by emphasizing internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha, and were analyzed using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS. The findings indicate the confirmation of the significant effect of marketing through social media on brand attitude and purchase intention of costumes to buy Iranian tea, as well as the confirmation of the effect of brand attitude on the purchase intention and finally the role of brand attitude in the relationship between marketing through social media on the customer's purchase intention have been confirmed.

The present paper is aimed at analyzing mutual effects of institutions and development in oil-exporting countries(OECs). For this purpose, the mutual effects were compared between Middle Eastern and non-Middle Eastern OECs.Three-stage least squares model was used to evaluate the model based The World Bank’s data for the 1996-2014period, and Wald test, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, and least significant difference (LSD) test were further used. Functionof institutions has become a fundamental subject for research, and Middle Eastern countries are of particularimportance in this respect because of their outstanding geopolitical position and significant revenues those make uponexporting oil. Obtained results indicated significant differences in mutual effects of institutions and developmentbetween Middle Eastern and non-Middle Eastern OECs. In both groups of the countries, the effect of development oninstitutions was found to be significantly greater than that of the institutions on the development. Despite similaritiesin oil exporting factor, geographical environment factor, which includes similarities in culture, religion, and particularcustoms, affects the mutual effect of institutions and development. In both groups, estimated impact factor ofdevelopment on institutions exceeded that of institutions on the development. As such, paying attention to thedevelopment not only improves its indices, but also automatically improves performance of the institutions. Similareffect is imposed by the institutions, but rate of changes resulted from the development is higher.

The main purpose of this research is to measure investment risk indicators (standard deviation risk, half standarddeviation, parametric and historical value at risk and parametric and historical; HR) and test their relationship withthe expected price return rate for knowledge-based companies active in the stock market. For this purpose, a sampleconsisting of 31 knowledge-based companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected during the period of2016 to 2021 and the risk indicators of standard deviation, half standard deviation and value at risk were selectedbased on We tested the McBeth Fama model in relation to the expected rate of return. The research results show thatthere is a significant relationship between volatility risk indicators and adverse risk for the expected rate of return.Also, the research findings showed that controlling factors such as company size, financial leverage, book value tomarket value, liquidity, momentum and inverse are not able to change the positive relationship of the risk criteriaexamined on the expected return.

The present research sought to evaluate the impact of financial development and human capital on gross domesticproduct (GDP) growth. A descriptive and correlational study was conducted. Data collection was done using the WorldBank and the International Monetary Fund data to analyze the relationship between variables. Post-event (semiexperimental) research design was applied. The current research pursued a library, analytical-causal study based onpanel data analysis. The statistical population consisted of all oil-producing countries as a case study from 2006 to2020. Ten oil-producing countries were selected as the statistical sample. The results revealed that human capitalpositively and significantly affect the GDP growth of oil-producing countries. Also, a significant correlation wasobserved between financial development and GDP growth of oil-producing countries.

The main goal of this research is to test the effect of the degree of access, use and skill in the field of information andcommunication technology and the variable ratio of liquidity to GDP on the employment rate of BRICS membercountries and Iran. For this purpose, in the first step, the generalities of the research and the literature and thebackground of the research have been reviewed. Then, based on the information collected from the data of the researchvariables for the period from 2002 to 2020, a research model was designed for 5 BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia,India, China and South Africa) and Iran. In the next step, in order to analyze the data (test the research hypotheses),the panel model was aligned using the random effects method. The results show that all research hypotheses wereconfirmed. In other words, it can be said, the degree of development of ICT (degree of access), e-commerce (use andskills in the field of ICT), the ratio of liquidity to GDP (financial development), foreign direct investment, researchand development expenses, labor and capital. It has a significant impact on the employment rate in BRICS membercountries and Iran. At the end, the research results and suggestions based on it are presented.

The main goal of this research is to test the effect of speculative price bubble and cost of capital on the relative netprofit of the group of banks and credit financial institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange (30 cases). Tehran'ssecurities during the time period of 2016-2019 are based on the econometric approach of panel data. For this purpose,firstly, while stating the theoretical foundations and background of the research, in the next step, the specification andestimation of the research model was done based on the relevant diagnostic tests, finally using the fixed effects method.The estimation results confirm the positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (real cashdividend in a previous period, which indicates the price bubble of rational speculation in the research model, and thecapital cost variable) on the relative net profit of the selected sample. Thus, the first hypothesis of the research, whichstates that the price bubble of rational speculation has a significant effect on the relative net profit of the group ofbanks and credit institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, was confirmed. Also, the second hypothesis,which states that the cost of capital has a significant effect on the relative net profit of the selected sample, wasconfirmed. At the end, suggestions based on the research results have been presented in order to moderate the effectof speculative price bubble and strengthen the effect of capital cost on the relative net profit of the selected sample.

The purpose of this research is to test the comparative effectiveness of tax policy, literacy rate and urbanization rateon the fair distribution of income for member countries of the Organization of Islamic Conference. Based on this, wefirst examined the theoretical foundations and background of the research (related domestic and foreign studies). Inthe next step, to test the research hypotheses, the econometric model based on the panel data model for 5 selectedmember countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference based on filters such as being Asian, neighboringIran, and economic and political stability for the period 2000 to 2020 is selected and estimated. has been Although theresults of the analysis confirm the acceptance of the main and sub-hypotheses of the research, considering that mostof the coefficients of the estimated variables have negative effects on the Gini coefficient, it can be said that theimplementation of tax policies (direct and indirect taxes) and development (literacy rate and expansion ofurbanization) does not have a favorable effect on income distribution in the selected member countries of theOrganization of the Islamic Conference (Iran, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia). At the end, suggestions forimproving income distribution are provided according to the research results for selected countries.

The present study reviewing the relationship between organizational innovation and marketing in Abuja Municipality. The present study is a review article conducted using the internet and library researching.
Be that as it may, whereas most of those considers did not constrain their scales to the executed urban arranged zones, others did not conduct a coordinate comparison between the watched urban green space and those assigned by urban plans. Moreover, the affiliation between the observed urban green spaces which of the urban arrange was evaluated and compared. The urban improvement stage I-II (covering around 171.66 km2) of the Government Capital City (FCC), Abuja, Nigeria was chosen for this ponder since urban arranging has been executed within the region. This connected nature consider considers both subjective and quantitative approaches with exploratory and expressive purposes as it's investigate strategy. A study tended to directors of 10 level municipality was conducted. Information examination was carried out in two stages: within the subjective arrange, content analysis of the meet was performed, whereas within the quantitative organize, an expressive quantitative examination through relationship measurements was utilized, in arrange to distinguish the level of relationship between the factors of the hypothetical build. Subjective organization revealed that the degree of green space contributed to progress along innovation and marketing functions. The quantitative comes about distinguished connections among the factors named yearly turnover, number of workers and sum contributed in promoting development. In expansion, relationships were too watched among the factors talented workforce and sum contributed both in item and organizational development, and a relationship was recognized between sum contributed in item advancement and sum contributed in promoting advancement.