Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are pathogenic, opportunistic bacteria that are often transmitted to skin lesions and wounds through contaminated sheets, utensils, and staff in hospitals.  Therefore, using fabrics with antimicrobial properties in such environments decreases the chances of contamination.In this study, a polyester/viscose fabric was immersed in fluorocarbon (FC) and gentamicin (GC) to investigate their antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the waterproof and blood-resistance characteristics of the samples were evaluated. Concentrations of 1.25, 2.,5, and 5 g/l of gentamicin and 60, 80, and 100 g/l of fluorocarbons were used for the polyester/viscose fabric immersion using the spray method. After treating the fabrics with gentamicin and fluorocarbon, they were heated at 180°C for 3 minutes for further stabilization.The agar disk diffusion method was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of fluorocarbons and gentamicin on the growth of the aforementioned bacteria and the results were recorded after 24 hours. The durability of the antibacterial effect was investigated by transferring the discs to a regrowth culture once more and keeping them there for 24, 48, and 72 hours. 1.25 g/l of gentamicin and 60 g/l of fluorocarbons had the least inhibitory effect against the bacteria. The best durability of the antibacterial effect resulted after 2 consecutive treatments. Moreover, 60 g/l of fluorocarbon exhibited the best waterproof and blood-resistance effects.

In this research, the composite nanofibers of polyvinylidene fluoride/polydistylene/graphene oxide (PVDF/PDA/GO) have been produced and their thermal and choromic properties have been investigated.For this purpose, samples of PVDF/PDA/GO were produced. The results of examining the morphology of the produced nanofibers shows that the diameter of nanofibers is significantly decreased and the uniformity of the nanofibers increased by adding GO to the nanofibers. The decrease in nanofiber diameter causes increase in specific surface area of them. The increase of nanofibers specific surface area helps to improve the sensitivity of them. This was confirmed by reflective spectrophotometric test and their high color response to methanol solvent. Also, by heating the sample, it was observed that the produced samples are sensitive to 60 ° C and therefore, they are thermochromic. Because of choromic-thermal properties of PVDF/PDA/GO composite nanofibers, they can be used as a type of chromic sensors and/or thermal sensors. In PVDF/PDA/GO composite nanofibers, graphene oxide enhances the chromic sensitivity responses of polyvinylidene fluoride/polydiacetylene nanofibers.

Bacterial cellulose is produced by strains of Acetobacter and Acetobacter xylinum is the most important species producing it. Due to its nanostructure and morphological similarity to collagen, bacterial cellulose can be used for cell absorption and support. Consequently, this research presented a general description of bacterial cellulose, its applications in medicine, and utilization of hydroxyapatite/cross-linked bacterial cellulose composite scaffolds for bone tissue. Citric acid (20%) was used for cross-link, samples of bacterial cellulose were prepared and oven-dried, and hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles were then added at three concentrations (1, 2 and 4%). Using ATR-FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS and BET, the structure of the composites were compared. The results of ATR-FTIR confirmed that the HAP crystals contained a special carbonate that was similar to the apatite present in natural bone. XRD also indicated the characteristic peaks of HAP, and calculation of the size of the crystals using Scherrer equation demonstrated that the largest crystal size (81.42 nm) was that of the sample containing 20% citric acid with 4% HAP. Comparison of the FE-SEM images showed that the distribution and formation of apatite on the surface and cross-section were the best in the sample cross-linked with 20% citric acid and 4% apatite. The results of EDS analysis also indicated that all the precipitates contained calcium and phosphorus confirming the presence od HAP crystals, and the nanoparticles were also distributed uniformly in the scaffold structure. BET also showed that the sample cross-linked with 20% citric acid and 4% HAP had the lowest specific surface area and the highest porosity confirming the high uniformity of the 4% HAP distribution.

The opaque cotton / nylon fabric that is often used in military clothing should have unique properties toenhance the efficiency and ability of individuals. Therefore, creating properties such as waterproof,antimicrobial, fire retardant, etc. on the product is considered, which can be achieved by using nanoparticleson the product in small quantities. As a cheap mineral, with thermal and optical stability, clay nanoparticleshave many absorption properties and can be used to complete textile goods. In this paper, a 5% solution ofmontmorillonite nano-clay was applied on a cotton / nylon cloth (50/50) by pad-dry-curing method (at 160 °C for 10 minutes) and then the product properties included The bleaching, dyeing, fire retardant, wash stability,optical stability and UV resistance properties were investigated.The results of dyeing test using two dyes of methylene blue (cationic) and direct dye class B (Blue218)(anionic) and performing uv-vis test on their effluent showed that the use of nano-clay on cotton / nylon fabricIt can create more space for dye adsorption and allows more dye to be involved in the nanoclay layers, thusincreasing the dye adsorption by the fabric and, consequently, increasing the decolorization capacity in theeffluent. Also, the presence of nano-clay on this fabric increases the washing stability, optical stability, fireresistance and UV protection.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a significant biopolymer in medical applications and some research has been conducted to modify its rehydration ability. In this research bacterial cellulose was cross-linked with succinic acid (SA)/ Sodium hypophosphate (SHP) in different concentrations and then the wettability of treated and untreated BC was investigated. SEM and BET proved a new structural construction and higher porosity in the cross-linked BC. Additionally, ATR-FTIR showed the presence of ester bonds (COO) in the treated samples. Moreover, the thickness and water absorption were enhanced by 137% and 133% respectively and the cross-linked samples showed a higher water swelling rate. Therefore, cross-linked BC with succinic acid has a high potential for increasing BC shelf lifetime for biomedical applications.

A novel PVC membrane electrode that is highly selective to ZrO2+ ions was prepared using 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexa oxa-1,10- diazabicyclo [8,8,8]- hexa cosine (HODBHC) as a suitable neutral carrier. The sensor exhibited a linear dynamic range between 1.0×10-1 and 1.0×10-6 M, with a near-Nernstian slope of 29.9 ± 0.4 mV per decade at 25 °C, and was found to be very selective, precise, and applicable within the pH range of 5.0–8.0. The sensors showed a response time of <15s and can be used for at least 3 months without any measurable divergence in potential. The limit of detection was 8.0× 10-7 M. The electrodes possess the advantages of low resistance, very fast response time, and a relatively long lifetime. The proposed sensors showed a fairly good discriminating ability towards ZrO2+ ion in comparison with some hard and soft metal ions. It was used as the indicator electrode in the potentiometric determination of ZrO2+ ions by the standard addition method in two samples.