Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are zoonotic diseases that result in substantial economic losses due to mortality, impaired growth, and increased medication expenses in large animals. These viruses pose a risk to children who live beside infected animal, as they can cause diarrhea. This study was dedicated to molecular and antigen detections and phylogenetic and immunoinformatics analysis of zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) in Iran.

A total of 77 diarrheic samples were collected from Holstein dairy herds in selected provinces of Iran. Samples were tested by capture antibody enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect CoV and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) for verification of detection and also genotyping of spike glycoprotein in CoV‑positive samples. After statistical analysis, nucleotide sequence alignment, and nucleotide and protein phylogenetic tree construction, the centralized sequence for vaccine strains was obtained using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA)’s center‑of‑the‑tree (COT) method.

Twenty‑two (28.5%) and eight (10.3%) of 77 samples were positive according to RT–PCR and ELISA, respectively. (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) BLAST and phylogenetic analysis revealed that most similar sequences to the Iranian CoV sequence were for European countries. Furthermore, there were strong correlations to other CoVs in humans and wild and domesticated animals. As CoV has variable COT, the most recent strains and COBRA vaccine strains were obtained.

Based on the high prevalence of this viral disease in calves and its economic impact on the breeding industry, as well as the potential transmission to humans and correlation with World Health Organization (WHO) One Health approach guidelines, the study emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive strategies such as animal vaccination.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of standard and high‑resolution exposures on the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT in the evaluation of dental implant dimensions.

A descriptive–analytical study was carried out on 40 dry human mandibles with appropriate ridge quality based on panoramic radiography. CBCT (Soredex, Cranex 3D, Finland) with a large field of view (FOV) and CMOS flat panel detector were used. CBCT with standard and a high resolution was performed in each mandible. Axial images, reconstructed by OnDemand 3D software, were processed to prepare cross‑sectional images from the areas marked by gutta‑percha, and then measured by a ruler with an accuracy of 0.01 millimeter in the computer. Measurements were recorded by two observers and the obtained data were compared with the real ones.

The results showed suitable repeatability in radiologic measurements (r = 0.971), which is indicative of the high reliability of intraobserver measurement. The measurement of width with high‑resolution exposure indicated a significant difference with the real condition (P < 0.001); however, this difference was not significant in the case of standard resolution (P > 0.05). Measurement of height with high resolution showed a significant difference with the real condition in the right mandible (P = 0.04) and left mandible (P = 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in standard resolution (P > 0.05).

Based on our findings, the standard CBCT resolution modality is suggested for dental implant images due to its higher accuracy than high‑resolution methods for diagnosing the implant dimensions.

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) in comparison with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination.

In this study, DU was performed for 52 patients who had carotid calcification or other differential diagnoses of carotid calcification on PR routine screening. The data relating to the presence or absence of calcified atheroma in DU and PR were evaluated using SPSS software.

In the 52 stated patients, CCA of 9 (18%) patients was diagnosed in the PR. Significant differences in CCA between the two sexes were not found. Also, considerable differences between the left and right sides (P = 0/906) were not found. Moreover, the positive cases who are diagnosed using ultrasonography and PR were 2.25% and 6.5%, respectively.

PR method is not a good choice for the primary diagnosis method for the carotid artery calcifications due to its less positive diagnosing ratio compared to DU.

Impaired levels of surviving are associate with increased survival of tumor cells. In this study, we intended to profile the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting survivin in the tumoral and marginal tissues obtained from Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Fifty CRC patients of Iranian Azari ethnicity were recruited. The RNA content of the tumoral and marginal tissues was isolated and the transcript levels of miR‑34a, miR‑16, miR‑150, and miR‑203a and survivin were determined through quantitative Real‑time PCR.

The mRNA expression of survivin was significantly increased (fold change = 3.21, P = 0.0029) in the tumoral tissues in comparison to the marginal tissues. There was significant downregulation of miR‑16 (fold change = 0.28, P = 0.003) and miR‑203a (fold change = 0.36, P = 0.014) in the tumoral samples in comparison to marginal samples. There was an inverse significant correlation (rho = ‑0.81; P < 0.001) between the expression of miR‑203a and mRNA expression of survivin in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients. The mRNA expression of survivin was higher significantly in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison to those without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.020). In addition, there was a significantly higher miR‑203 expression level in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison to those without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011).

It is suggested that miR‑203 plays an oncogenic role in CRC cancer by regulating survivin and lymph node metastasis.

Femoral neck fracture is a common posttraumatic injury in the elderly. Currently, orthopedic surgeons conducting total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip fractures have various prosthetic alternatives. Dual‑mobility cup THA is recommended for hip fracture patients to reduce prosthesis dislocation. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional prostheses against dual‑mobility prostheses in treating femoral neck fractures in two groups of patients.

The current clinical investigation involved patients with femoral neck fractures. Among approved 84 patients, 44 and 40 were undergoing conventional THA (group A) and dual‑mobility THA (group B), respectively. Patients were observed regularly after surgeries, and the same measurements were performed. The data were assembled and entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed. In all analyses, a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Eighty‑four cases with an average age of 63.97 years were evaluated. In postoperative follow‑up, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of Harris hip score, SF‑36, and infection (P > 0.05). However, patients who received conventional implants had more dislocation postoperatively (P = 0.045). Regarding the rehabilitation costs, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, so the group using the conventional implants incurred a higher cost (P = 0.041).

According to the results, both dual mobility and conventional implants had optimal functional outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Maintaining normal left ventricular geometry and function depends on the mitral valve’s normal integrity. Irreparable damage to the mitral valve calls for its replacement using either a valve made up of biological tissue or metal, pyrolytic carbon, and similar materials.

The material consists of 50 formalin‑fixed adults, seemingly normal cadaveric hearts of either sex which were received from the Department of Anatomy of various institutes in the north region. These hearts were cut open to access the mitral valve in the left ventricle.

In this study, the posterior leaflet was semi‑oval in shape being 3.72 cm wide at the base. Usually said to be tri‑scalloped, interestingly, it was found so only in 56% of the hearts; being bi‑scalloped in 20% and single‑cusped in 16% of the hearts. Even four scallops and six scallops were observed in three (6%) and one (2%) hearts, respectively.

To conclude, notable variation has been seen in the scallops of posterolateral cusps in the present study. The number of scallops varies greatly as single, double, three, four, or tetra‑scalloped and most significant six or hexa‑scalloped which has never been reported in the previous studies. To understand the rationale behind each unique architectural layout, such noticeable variations are crucial for scientists around the world. Cardiothoracic surgeons could find this information valuable for mitral valve surgery repair.

Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 is known as a very rare disease. It is caused by a homozygous mutation in the SCYL1 gene on chromosome 11q13 and presented in early childhood. The common presentations of this disease are recurrent episodes of liver failure, chronic liver fibrosis, cerebellar atrophy in early childhood, late onset of learning disabilities, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 is challenging, especially due to the variety of clinical presentations. In the current study, we present an 11‑year‑old girl diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21. She had multiple episodes of acute hepatic failure with later presentations of neurological dysfunctions. The diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 was made by genetic testing.

Identification of uncommon clinical features of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) worth noting. Vertigo has been rarely reported as a symptom of encephalitis due to Herpesviridae. However, no case had vertigo as the only neurologic presentation at the onset of the disease. Hereby, a patient with vertigo as the first neurologic symptom of HSVE is described and possible pathophysiological mechanisms are explained

Due to the negative effects of sexual identity disorder and the lack of attention from family and society, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Young’s Early Maladaptive Schemas (YEMS) and sexual self‑confidence and sexual self‑efficacy in individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) after surgery.

This cross‑sectional study was performed on 45 individuals with GD undergoing sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Three of YEMS questionnaire (YEMSQ), sexual self‑confidence, and sexual self‑efficacy were completed.

The YEMSQ score had a significant inverse relationship with sexual self‑efficacy (correlation = ‑0.333, P-value = 0.025). In addition, dimensions of emotional deprivation, failure to achieve, dependence/incompetence, vulnerability to harm and Illness, insufficient self‑control/ self‑discipline, and subjugation had an adverse effect on the self‑confidence and sexual self‑efficacy in these individuals (P‑value <0.05).

According to the results of this study, YEMSQ score, sexual self‑confidence, and self‑efficacy were not significantly different between the two groups of male‑to‑female (MF) and female‑to‑male (FM). Also, the formation or development of these schemas in childhood in these individuals can be influential in reducing their sexual self‑efficacy.