Journal of Skin and Stem Cell
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Dec 2023

 The treatment outcome of nasolabial wrinkles or folds (NF) is widely considered a strong criterion for estimating the overall aesthetic results of different types of hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable fillers. These fillers have undergone various modifications and are classified as monophasic or biphasic, with monophasic fillers further divided into monodensified or polydensified.

 This split-face study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of two monophasic HA fillers.

 A total of 15 facial aesthetic patients (mean age: 52.4 ± 9.39 years) participated in a split-face study to assess the clinical efficacy, long-lasting effect, and overall skin reaction of two different HA injectable fillers for nasolabial wrinkles. The right NF of each patient was treated with a monophasic, polydensified HA filler; however, the left NF was treated with a scientifically modified monophasic monodensified counterpart. The injection technique and HA quantity injected were consistent. The outcome was assessed using both the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical methods. Additionally, the post-treatment naturalness feeling was measured using the FACE-Q questionnaire. Baseline photos were taken in standardized settings, and follow-up visits were conducted at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months.

 Both HA injectables demonstrated similar effectiveness in terms of aesthetic outcome and long-lasting effect, as interpreted from WSRS and GAIS findings. However, the monodensified HA product received better subjective ratings for naturalness, as indicated by the FACE-Q questionnaire (P < 0.05).

 Although there were no obvious signs of skin irregularity in both treated wrinkles, patients reported a feeling of intracutaneous tension in the right NF (treated with polydensified HA) but not in the left NF (treated with monodensified HA). Although some subjectivity exists in patient responses, the unanimous preference for the monodensified product due to its natural feeling provides strong support for its use in everyday aesthetic clinical practice.

 Pediculosis capitis and tinea capitis are very common superficial infections/infestations, primarily affecting school-aged children. The overall pediculosis capitis infestation rate exceeds 25% in some studies, and the occurrence rate for tinea capitis may be as high as 45%. They are more prevalent, but not exclusively, in crowded conditions and environments with low socioeconomic status. Scaly scalp is a common presentation of tinea that may be, at first glance, confused with pediculosis nits.

 Here, we describe a case report showing the coexistence of both tinea capitis and pediculosis capitis in a young girl, supplemented with an interesting photograph of a nymph of Pediculushumanus capitis attached by its claws to a hair, with dystrophic endothrix hairs in the background. We also describe further fungal culture performed, with the result and the treatment the patient received.

 Tinea and pediculosis should always be excluded first in case of a scaly scalp in children. Whether their coexistence is attributed to a causal relation and not simply a poor environment is still to be investigated. This is especially important because body louse is a proven vector for a number of pathogens; however, this is still a matter of debate for head louse.

 Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens responsible for skin infections. Agglutinin-like sequence 3 (Als3) is a major adhesin protein expressed on the surface of Candida albicans cells. Herbal compounds play a significant role in human health due to their biological activities.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-Als3 effects of some phenolic, terpenoid, saponin, alkaloid, polyphenolic, and naphthoquinone compounds.

 The two-dimensional (2D) structures of 24 compounds were obtained from the PubChem database as ligands. They were optimized using the mm2 method with Chem3D software (version 20.1.1.125). The ligands were then evaluated as inhibitors against the active site of Als3 using Autodock Vina software. The output results were analyzed and assessed using Discovery Studio software (version 16.1.0).

 The results demonstrated that compounds such as rutin, linalool, digitalin, atropine, epigallocatechin, and lawsoniaside can serve as strong inhibitors of Als3 by forming hydrogen bonds for inhibition. Among these compounds, rutin was observed to be more effective and potent than the others.

 This study highlights the potential of compounds such as rutin, linalool, digitalin, atropine, epigallocatechin, and lawsoniaside as robust inhibitors of Als3 for the treatment of skin infections in medications, ointments, and cleansing products.

 Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) represents a group of skin disorders characterized by excessive epidermal thickening of palms and soles. They are classically divided into inherited and acquired groups. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive procedure that can aid in the clinical diagnosis of PPK.

 To study the clinical features and dermoscopic patterns of PPK caused by various dermatological conditions.

 Ninety-eight patients with various types of PPK were included in this cross-sectional observational study after obtaining informed consent. Symptoms, general systemic findings, and dermatological manifestations were recorded. The dermoscopic examination was performed by a single observer using Heine Delta 20+ and FotoFinder Medicam 1000. Diagnostically challenging cases were biopsied for histopathological examination. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20 [IBM SPSS statistics (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA released 2011)] was used to perform statistical analyses. The chi-square test was applied to examine statistical associations between qualitative variables. The level of significance was set at 5%.

 Out of 98 cases with PPK, 93 were acquired, and 5 were inherited. The commonest dermoscopy pattern included palmoplantar psoriasis (n = 48), showing a background light red color with yellow diffused white scales with regular dotted and glomerular vessels, followed by palmoplantar eczema (n = 39) (light red color with yellow patchy white background, yellow scales, and patchy dotted vessels). Light red/dull red background with diffuse white scaling and regular linear, dotted, or glomerular vessels were significantly in favor of palmoplantar psoriasis, while a yellow background, diffuse yellow scaling, patchy dotted vessels, and yellow crust were more in favor of palmoplantar dermatitis. Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) (n = 3) showed a light red background, diffused white scales, and dotted and linear vessels with patchy distribution. Lichen planus (n = 2) revealed a light red color with a yellow background, diffused and peripheral white scales, and irregular linear (radial) and dotted vessels. Wickham’s striae were found on palms. Tinea manuum with pedis (n = 1) showed a dull red background and diffused white and yellow scales with the localization of the scales in the skin furrows. PPK secondary to ichthyosis vulgaris (n = 3) revealed a light red background with diffused white and yellow patchy scaling and regular linear and patchy glomerular vessels. Greither’s disease showed a light red color with a yellow background, a diffused white scale pattern, and multiple dotted vessels arranged in an irregular pattern. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis showed a background color of light red and diffused white scales in a crisscross pattern.

 Dermoscopy can reveal characteristic but not pathognomonic dermoscopic patterns that can be useful in the clinical diagnosis of various types of PPK. More studies with larger sample sizes may help validate these findings and identify new patterns.