فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 52، پاییز 1402)

Studies and investigations conducted on the principles of architectural processes in different regions demonstrate a close relationship between the conventional architecture of an area or region and its geographical climate. Examining the characteristics of architectural styles in various regions concerning climatic conditions can effectively contribute to presenting optimal architectural patterns. Indigenous housing in Iran's warm and arid climate has consistently provided thermal comfort for its inhabitants. It is worth mentioning that the principles of designing and architecting housing are aimed at environmental comfort, energy efficiency, and environmental control by climatic conditions. Therefore, studying and assessing these features can be utilized in contemporary architecture as rich patterns from the past. The subject of discussion herein revolves around the potential of indigenous architecture for application in modern architecture. This thesis, using descriptive and analytical mechanisms and with an applied objective, adopts qualitative and quantitative inference methods and field analysis of indigenous residential houses in Yazd City, chosen as a specific case study. Furthermore, data collection methods involve library studies and field observations. The research findings indicate that in many instances, the pattern of indigenous housing in warm and arid climates significantly influences improving the thermal and cooling comfort of residential house inhabitants.

In this research, we are looking for the pathology of the development programs of Sistan and Baluchistan province based on the institutional approach. Most of the border areas of the country are less developed, ethnic elites are less present in macro and middle administrations, ethnic diversity is not viewed as a positive thing and is considered as a threat. The main question of the research is, from the perspective of the theoretical indicators of new institutionalism, what are the most important development aspects and development vulnerabilities of Sistan and Baluchistan province? The hypothesis of the research is that it seems that one of the most important areas of vulnerability in the development programs of Sistan and Baluchistan province is the lack of balance in planning, lack of attention to the texture and culture of the region, and lack of foresight and attention to behavioral radicalism among The regional groups pointed out, to prove it, we use the descriptive-analytical method and collect data from documentary and library sources. The findings of the research showed that the security view towards the ideas of radical and extremist groups in the region has caused Sistan and Baluchistan to not have a place in the basket of development goals worthy of the province in the development policies of the country.

Relations between countries are based on economic, security, geographical and cultural conditions. Although the status of these factors is changing in the age of globalization, it is not true to say that these factors do not affect the relations between the two countries. As neighbors, Iran and Azerbaijan share cultural, historical and religious commonalities. Nevertheless, the relations between the two countries have faced certain challenges. One of the main challenges has been the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, which has been addressed in this research on both security and economic levels. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the economic and security consequences of the Karabakh conflict on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question is how the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict can have economic and security consequences for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings indicate that the consequences and challenges in these two areas are within the scope of the positions of the Islamic Republic, the conflict in the field of energy and relations between Azerbaijan and Israel, along with the confrontation and the introduction of politics and ideology regarding the economic relations of these two countries. This research is done using descriptive-analytical method.

In the era of globalization, any model of development requires effective communication between different sub-national and transnational levels. This article highlights the role of communication in development in the age of globalization this includes providing relevant information, providing opportunities for discussion and sharing of information and ideas. The main question of the article is what role does communication play in the development process in the age of globalization? The method of doing this article is descriptive and analytical. The data required for the article are collected from library sources and reliable scientific research articles. The results of the article show that communication should be provided appropriately for different parts of the society. Dialogue and discussion and regular communication with the community leadership in the communities and equally there should be regular communication between different departments and social organizations. To create the possibility of collective action and participation of community members in development projects. Communication is essential to ensure the participation of everyone in the community. Communication creates the collective action of participants in development in the age of globalization. In the era of globalization, a development strategy that uses communicative approaches can incorporate people's basic attitudes and traditional wisdom, help people to adapt their views and acquire new knowledge and skills, and convey new social messages to convey to the audience.

The aim is the anthropological study of traditional and modern bazaars. The research method is qualitative and documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. The findings showed; There is relative satisfaction among customers from chain shopping centers. The majority of clients were working women and even housewives, for several reasons, such as: the uniformity and variety and packaging of products, the presence of heating and cooling systems in stores, the presence of parking and carrying purchased items by trolley to the car parking area. The presence of sellers in each section is the seasonal and periodic discounts of these centers. The use of carts and the variety of products especially for children, the existence of restaurants with all kinds of fast food and traditional foods, various foods, they preferred to buy from large stores. results show; The identity of the past people of Tehran was built in the same old neighborhoods and traditional bazaars. The main function of these bazaars is to meet people's daily needs. Chain stores are considered one of the urban infrastructures and are affected by the advancement of technology and at the same time affect the surrounding environment. Shopping centers were influenced by the advancement of technology and at the same time had an effect on the surrounding environment. Disruption of local trade, loss of local identities and different subcultures are some of the points that are affected by the modernist nature of these centers.

One of the most famous fabric motifs in Islamic societies is the fabric motifs of the Al-Buyeh era, which are rooted in religious beliefs. The arrival of Islam and cultural and artistic transformations were the foundation of these changes. The art of Al-Boyeh period can be considered as one of the most sublime periods of Islamic-Iranian art. The current research is a link between the motifs of textile art offered during Al-Boyeh era and Islamic societies, which shows the principles governing the formation of this art. In this regard, the following questions were addressed: How were the motifs used in the era of Al-Buyeh depicted?The research method is selective, interpretative-analytical with a historical approach and it is collected directly with library studies, documents and field studies. The results indicate that in the period of Al-Boyeh, fabric motifs are divided into lines, motifs of humans, animals and plants, the use of Kufic script, more smooth lines, more decorations in motifs, symmetry, attention to positive and negative space, symbolic motifs. And slimy is woven in a variety of ways. The fabrics have high quality, use of natural colors, soft and delicate texture that makes these motifs very easy to weave by hand, has a direct relationship with their use.

One of the problems with development is that the development programs are gender blind and that they do not pay attention to gender (women). Due to the lack of attention to gender considerations in development programs, the implementation of these programs has led to increased inequality and even poverty among women. So today poverty has become a category of women. Although women make up half of the world's population, this great power is expected to move the wheels of society by active in many economic, political, social and cultural activities in accordance with men. However, throughout history, women's social opportunities and opportunities have not been distributed in such a way that they can easily appear in the scenarios of living together with men and play a role without gender restriction, so the purpose of the present study is a profound role and participation. Women in the Algerian and Islamic Revolution are Iran. The results of the study show that obstacles and problems for women's political participation can be divided into two categories of structural limitations and non -structural constraints. . Structural barriers include the political system, cultural factors, and educational reasons. Women's academic constraints are also the most important non -structural obstacle.

The purpose of this current research is to investigate the consequences of virtual space in the field of family in Iran. Our assumption in this article is that it is possible to examine the consequences of virtual space in the field of family in Iran. Subsequently, in this article, we are faced with the question of whether it is possible to examine the consequences of virtual space in the field of family in Iran? This article was descriptive-analytical in terms of its purpose and in terms of data collection methods based on library sources and the use of the FISH tool. In order to collect theoretical data, the documentary method was used. Finally, the collected data were analyzed. In the analytical dimension of the hypothesis investigation, the consequences of virtual space in the field of family in Iran can be examined, it was shown that virtual space has many effects on families from various positive and negative aspects. Family is a safe place to satisfy various physical, intellectual and emotional needs. Family is defined based on relationships that originate from the act of having a child or marriage, and are governed by laws and customs. The main relationships in this institution are divided into two groups, the relationship between husband and wife and the relationship between parents and children. The era of cyber and virtual life started from the period when the Internet came into existence. Since then, two real and virtual worlds were formed in line with each other,

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the antecedents and consequences of human error of doctors in Rafsanjan hospitals. First, the antecedents and results were identified according to library studies, and then the fuzzy Delphi technique was used with the help of experts' opinions until a theoretical consensus was reached. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research included doctors from Rafsanjan hospitals. Due to the limited number of experts and hands-on experts in this research, the basis of information gathering, the expertise and expertise of people were selected as sample members from the purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation. The results of the data analysis showed that the highest level of agreement of the experts in relation to the antecedents of the human error of doctors, with the component of wrong information about the patient and the way of drug distribution, and the lowest level of agreement with the components of not respecting the legal rights of the patient and not using Close ethical standards and professional principles. Also, in relation to the human error of doctors, the highest level of agreement with the components of causing mental-psychological stress in doctors and the increase of complaints among patients and clients of the hospital and the lowest level of agreement. With the components of developing a comprehensive plan regarding the implementation of activities related to health promotion, collecting and disseminating better and more information

The current research aimed to identify the components of empowerment of working women heads of households in the geographical area of Ilam province with a regional approach. In this regard, through in-depth interviews with women heads of households and distribution of questionnaires among them in Ilam province, in order to reconstruct the meaning of various qualitative and quantitative aspects of empowerment strategies for working women heads of households in Ilam province and the factors and conditions related to them, including harm The science of this issue has been; In other words, the goal is to understand the whole social life of this group of women. This study was conducted based on the qualitative and exploratory method among the statistical population of women working as supervisors. The coding method with MAXQUDA software was also used for data analysis. The findings showed 81 subcategories and 11 central categories including (feeling of no need, suffering, forced to stay at home, obligation to work, ups and downs of loan, cost of distance, fear of failure, gradual physical-psychological exhaustion, rejection and marginalization, redefinition There is the position of femininity and support for survival) for the empowerment of working women heads of households, which attention can lead to the improvement of their quality of life by emphasizing the regional capacities of Ilam province.

The principle of equality of creditors in bankruptcy law means the equal and fair payment of creditors' claims, and it tries to apply a collective system to all creditors. In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical method, we tried to make a comparison between the mentioned principle in the laws of Iran and England and find out what position this principle has in the laws of the two countries? In English law, one of the aspects of the equality of creditors The legality of the debtor is non-discrimination between creditors by assigning more financial benefits or signing secret agreements. Bankruptcy laws in England are so strict about this issue that even third parties cannot sign such agreements with the connivance of the debtor. Such legal obligations are based on a set of judicial procedures that have been considered since the end of the last century. Although this matter has historical roots, this principle has been repeatedly emphasized by English judges in new cases. The duty and legal obligation to maintain equality between creditors is in complete accordance with the current concept of equality and fairness in English law, ethical principles in commercial law, and superior principles and consensus in the procedural law of this country.

One of the solutions to the problem of providing capital for the implementation of construction projects is the use of joint investment contracts. The BRT method is one of the joint investment methods that stands for build, rent and transfer. In this method, the project belongs to the government and the investor builds or in other words injects capital, a certain period of time is defined as the period of participation, and if the project revenues are deposited into the account of the host government, during the period of participation, a certain and fixed amount will be paid. The investor receives rent from the government. Of course, it goes without saying that the reverse of this issue is also true, that is, if the project revenues are deposited into the investor's account, a certain and fixed amount is paid by the investor to the investor, and after the end of the participation period, the entire project will belong to the government, and the investor He gives up the place. And the investor hands over the place.

History expresses the knowledge of social relations, culture and civilization of human society, including a period of human life that has a limited and definite time and place. On the other hand, the science of sociology in connection with history is responsible for the descriptive and analytical explanation of the history of culture and civilization of human society. In the studies of the Middle East, the importance of historical sociology including the specific characteristics of time, place and historical agent in the transformation of the region is considered. The scientific knowledge of all social phenomena, including how and why their emergence, expansion, death and transformation is called sociology. This research has investigated the geopolitical transformation of the Middle East region from a sociological point of view with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that there are various identities in the Middle East. There are transnational identities on one side and ethnic and transnational identities on the other. The competition between these identities and the countries' emphasis on each of them has created an interesting set of cooperation, confrontation and conflict.

The purpose of this study is to provide a smart marketing model in Bank Saderat. The research method is descriptive-survey according to the research process. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes professors, managers and consultants in the field of marketing as familiar experts and in the quantitative section all managers, deputies and marketing experts of Saderat Bank in Mashhad are 567 people, 229 people were selected by simple random method. The data collection tool of the interview and the questionnaire made the researcher that the results of the analysis of interviews with grounded theory and content analysis showed that the dimensions and indicators of intelligent marketing are: internal environment (identification of creative and innovative forces within the organization, organizational environmental culture, Information resources and reports), external environment (governance policies and laws, competitors status, competitors' evaluation, customers and industry), database management system (complex data storage system, development of related instructions, data storage Structured complexity), competitive advantage (activities and practices, precise policies and strategies, regular system monitoring and evaluation), innovative knowledge (using innovative knowledge as a source of competitive advantage, ideation system, transfer Technology), digital marketing (smart advertising design, use of existing digital tools to market services and products, brand development), intelligent marketing strategies (identifying market opportunities and threats, clear vision, intelligent planning system), information Marketing (market research system, information management system, human resources Reed expert), value creation (creating customer satisfaction, improving product quality, customer relationship management system), intelligent market analysis

The most key factor of changes; Technological developments, social and economic developments, and globalization developments are the ones that all areas of human life have been affected by and have planned the basis of their life relationships based on those developments. Therefore, the developments of higher education governance are not exempted from this rule, but have been influenced by it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components and elements of university governance and to design the native model of Iranian universities through understanding the relationship and role of each of them. In this research, based on synthesis research and meta-study (meta-composition), 87 components (indices) were obtained from 40 valid articles, which were confirmed by 30 experts using the Delphi technique. After analyzing the governance indicators in higher education, it was found that these indicators are in six larger dimensions and in 2 parts: internal factors (management systems and its processes, open and responsive and responsible system, participation of internal stakeholders) and external factors (governance and institutional independence, financial independence, academic freedom, participation of foreign stakeholders). To understand the phenomenon of higher education, paying attention to the institutional roots and balance of power in modern higher education systems is Clark's triangle, which distinguishes between the government control model, the Humboldt model (rule by academics) and the American-English market-oriented model. Taking into account the dimensions of transformational governance in the higher education system and the foundations of new theories and researches, the result of the research shows that there

This research is aimed at investigating the religious differences between the Ottomans and Iran during the Safavid period in the years 907-1003 AH/1501-1594 AD, and it tries to investigate the religious differences between the two governments in the years 1501-1594 AD, i.e., the interval of governance ( Shah Ismail Safavi - Shah Abbas I) has been examined and for this purpose, by using the historical method with the focus on library documents, aspects taken from books and references, etc., it shows that the origin of religious wars in These eras were mostly to prevent further expansion of the country by the Safavids and to prevent the spread of the Shia religion, which with its tact and religion-oriented presentation of a government was able to attract many scholars and followers in the East and the West with an incredible speed of Islamic power. and the great Islamic Ottomans will be overtaken by all these things that caused the Safavids to prevent the Ottomans from generating more income and endanger the position of Sunnis as the first rank in the Islamic world It has been seen and in fact, religion is an excuse, and power and maintaining positions and material things and earning money under the pretext of religion, which is obtained from pilgrims, has been and still is the real reason for wars and religious differences.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of social distancing in the future of the social structure of Tehran. The research method was qualitative studies and was carried out using the Delphi method. In this research, twenty experts in the fields related to the corona phenomenon and social distancing were identified by snowball method, they were interviewed and through expressing their experiences, the influential components of the social distancing phenomenon and its impact on different aspects and changes in the social structure. Determined. The tool of this research was a questionnaire that was conducted through the Delphi technique in four stages. Spss and Excel software were used to classify statistical cases and general consensus and reliability. After analyzing the qualitative data, five main themes were presented, which are: public culture, social life, new communication media, family structure, social classes. Each of these themes had several subcategories, which are preferably discussed in the final chapters. Among these categories, we can mention the explosion of information and knowledge, multiple digitization, increasing social demand in economic and political structures, rethinking the cultural system governing the society, and the role of trust and social capital between the government and the nation. The results of the research showed that the social distancing caused by the corona virus, despite the many material and spiritual costs it imposed on the society, provided a suitable opportunity to review and rethink the social, political, economic and cultural structures and the lives of people

The present study deals with the factors and indicators affecting the acceptance and effectiveness of the electronic human resource management system (E-HRM) in Islamic Azad University, Mashhad. The method of data collection in this field research was library and observation tools were interviews and questionnaires. In the present study, Mir Olkin and Bartlett adequacy test and structural equations were used to analyze the data. SPSS and Amos software were used in all statistical analyzes of this study. The results showed that technological, organizational, behavioral and environmental factors affect the acceptance and effectiveness of electronic human resource management (E-HRM) system in the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and technological factors (T.F) had the highest effectiveness. It can also be said that the designed model has a good fit. Among the behavioral factors, the highest importance is related to the indicators of "support for top management" and "creating a common vision between human resources (HR) managers and information systems (IS)", respectively, and among organizational factors, the highest importance is related to The indicators of "planning clarity and goals of electronic human resource management" and "financial resources" and among the technological factors of the highest importance are related to the indicators of "language standardization" and "IT infrastructure", respectively, and among environmental factors. The highest importance is related to the "economic development of the country", so more importance should be given to these indicators.

The issue of the optimal size of the government and existing policies in this field has been discussed for three decades in the country's governance space under various titles such as "downsizing", "agility", "rationalization", "privatization". , "engineering the role and structure of the government" and... in the upstream and macro documents, especially the country's five-year development plans, is the source of controversy among experts. Considering that, on the one hand, the correct evaluation of policies has a significant contribution to the successful implementation of policies, and on the other hand, in our country, the subject of policy evaluation is always a missing link in the atmosphere that governs this. has been the territory, the purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the policies of adapting the administrative system in the National Iranian Oil Company in order to improve the performance of the organization. For this purpose, in the current research, which has a practical orientation, a descriptive-survey strategy and an inductive approach, first, by relying on the qualitative methods of content analysis and meta-composition, extensive studies were conducted in library and documentary sources and 124 The primary index was identified, after screening and applying the opinions of experts based on the Delphi questionnaire, finally 89 indicators were counted and categorized in the form of 11 dimensions and 35 components. In the next step, with the help of quantitative research method, interpretative structural modeling of the relationship and mutual influence of the identified factors was obtained

Customers and companies often share value with each other. The aim of this study was to design a model for creating brand value with the customer in the dairy industry. The present study is a fundamental research based on the purpose, it is a cross-sectional research based on the data collection method. This study was based on two approaches: quantitative and qualitative. In the first part, based on library studies and then specialized interviews, the indicators of brand value creation with the customer will be identified. After the qualitative analysis stage, a questionnaire is distributed and data is collected from marketing management experts, and the research enters a quantitative phase. Therefore, from this perspective, the present study is a mixed research. The statistical population of this research is divided into two main categories. In the qualitative section, the views of 11 experts have been used. Also, in a small part, the perspective of 400 customers has been used. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for sampling. The main themes resulting from the results of qualitative analysis are: strategic value co-creation, organizational value co-creation, value co-creation with employees, customer value co-creation, brand value co-creation strategy, brand competitiveness and organizational knowledge management.Then, the model of creating brand value with the customer in the dairy industry was presented using interpretive structural modeling. Accordingly, "brand competitiveness" is a first-level or dependent variable. The variables "customer value creation" are the second level and "strategic brand value creation" and "value creation with employees" are the

Cultural policies are adopted based on cultural approaches with the aim of creating cultural changes in the society and are implemented under the influence of various factors. The main goal of this research is to identify the effective factors, expected functions and cultural policies in the form of a model for the implementation of cultural policies with the approach of cultural creative industries of Isfahan city. For this purpose, this research was carried out in the spatial territory of Isfahan city in 1401. The research method is interpretive, practical and qualitative. The statistical population of this research includes experts and owners of creative and cultural industries in Isfahan city. Snowball sampling method and the sample volume is determined at the theoretical saturation point of 16 people. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview tool is used, and in their analysis, a content analysis method is used in the form of Maxqda software. The results of this research identify the factors and components that influence the formation of the pattern of creative cultural policies in the form of 10 factors (geographical location, proximity, cultural facilities and infrastructure, political support, managers' support, laws and regulations of the economic situation, cultural maturity, characteristics of activists, market capabilities), cultural policies in the form of 3 policies (production, class and creative place-oriented), and expected functions in the form of 6 factors (cultural stability, development of consumer orientation, cultural diversity, development of participation, development of cultural economy, development of competitiveness) ) Led.

The aim of this research was to identify and rank the factors influencing the choice of architectural type and zoning based on climate conditions using the best and worst methods. Library and field methods were used to collect data. Data collection tools are databases related to climatology in Ahvaz metropolis. In order to determine the weight of each factor, the opinions of experts and ANP were used, and the factors were ranked according to the weight of each factor. The findings showed that among the obtained weights, pollution prevention with weight (0.099), sunny hours with weight (0.097) and access with relative weight (0.096) have the highest weights among the sub-indexes obtained, which are in the first ranks to They placed third. Other weights were based on the weights obtained in other ranks. Other weights were based on the weights obtained in other ranks.Other weights were based on the weights obtained in other ranks.

The purpose of this study was to present an executive model for integrating health insurance funds with a comparative approach (Japan-Singapore-Turkey-Sweden-Norway-China and Iran). The present study is a qualitative and quantitative study. The first statistical population of the study is health insurance experts who were selected as a sample size by a purposeful method available to 20 people. 384 people were selected as the sample size. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, which was validated by experts and Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and confirmed. Qualitative analysis method and structural equations and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the model has 7 dimensions and all structural, behavioral and environmental factors affect the processes by 0.83 with a value of 12.45 t and all structural, behavioral and environmental factors with a value of 0.75 and a value of 10.34 t on the results. Come will be effective. Also, all process dimensions (process management, information technology and human resource improvement) affect the results by 0.87 and 12.67 t, and it can be said that the causal relationships in the research model are confirmed and the model is appropriate.

In addition to romantic themes, the domain of lyrical literature also includes a wide range of moral, political and social themes and lessons. This research is an attempt to show the themes and intellectual level in two lyrical systems of Khosrow and Shirin and Laili and Majnoon Nizami Ganjavi. Although these two works are considered lyrical works at first glance; However, Nizami, with artistry and elegance, during his lyrical poems, has described and explained various issues, such as moral issues and religious thoughts, rulings and themes of advice and admonition, referring to various sciences, etc. The results of the research show that in the two mentioned poems, in addition to the main theme of love, we also see some thoughts and secondary themes, such as references to educational literature and advice, references to religion, references to various sciences, etc. Also, lifestyle is one of the new and strategic issues of the present era, and in fact, despite the different definitions of it in the literature of society and culture, researchers are still facing many problems in defining and interpreting this concept. In the definition of lifestyle, it is stated: describing or prescribing states, speech and human behavior in all areas of life is called lifestyle. The religion of Islam is the last divine religion and the most complete plan to ensure the happiness of mankind in this world and the hereafter. Its worldview is trans-spatial and trans-temporal, that is, universal and eternal. One of the pillars of ensuring human happiness

Saudi Arabia's military invasion of Yemen has been a turning point in Yemen's internal developments, which have met with a variety of international reactions, including rejection or approval. Examining these positions is not the main subject and purpose of writing this article. This article does not deal with the reasons for these stances and reactions with a normative view, but tries to examine the why and how of alliances and conflicts on the issue of Yemen, the possibility of an alliance between Iran and Russia, with an approach. Explain realistically. Surveys show that each of the three countries, Iran, Russia and the United States, have different positions in the Saudi military attack on Yemen; In a way that the United States has been an ally and supporter of Saudi Arabia, Iran has been an opponent of Saudi Arabia in Yemen and has condemned its military attack. But Russia has not taken any serious support from either side by taking a pragmatic approach. Now, given that Saudi Arabia and the United States share common views on regional issues, including Yemen, the question arises that this relationship can be generalized to Iran and Russia in the case of Yemen? In answer to this question, the hypothesis is that Russia's macro-foreign policy approach and Yemen's strategic position and previous unsuccessful experiences of Russia's interaction with the United States have paved the way for an Iran-Russia alliance. In this article, while using documentary sources, qualitative comparative research method has been used.

In electoral geography, particularly in parliamentary elections, a significant topic is “the proportionality in the allocation of parliamentary seats” and “gerrymandering”, addressing how changed or unchanged boundaries of electoral districts may result in the victory of an individual or group, or unfair in elections, a subject that has been neglected in Iran. Sistan and Baluchestan Province is among the border, peripheral, and deprived provinces in the country (Iran) facing underdevelopment challenges and being of paramount sensitivity given its geopolitical importance. Electoral geography may be a key factor in transforming its development. Hence, research on “proportionality in allocation” and “Gerrymandering” in this province is of great significance. The present paper, as part of a comprehensive research on the two concepts of “Proportionality in Allocation” and “Gerrymandering” in the context of eleven parliamentary election cycles in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, solely focuses on these two subjects in this province. Research data has been extracted by library method and analyzed using SPSS in GIS environment. The examination of “Proportionality in Allocation” revealed a spatial inequity in the electoral districts of this province relative to the population, and two seats should be added to the representatives of this province. In addition, the Gerrymandering investigation in this province indicates that “Gerrymandering” has not been applied.

The landscape of cities, like the outer shell of any habitat, attracts the eye of every observer and passer-by, and is the first thing that the citizen communicates with within the city space, and mere attention to each alone does not guarantee the creation of a beautiful urban landscape. Bam city garden has been registered as a world heritage; But its urban landscape does not create an attractive image in the perception of citizens due to the speed of reconstruction of the city after the earthquake and the lack of attention to the mental preferences of citizens in this process by not completing the facade of the buildings. Therefore, it seems necessary to address the issue of aesthetics of the urban landscape of Bam city garden. According to the purpose of the research, qualitative method (content analysis and semi-structured interview method) is used to collect and analyze information and data. At the beginning of the research, by examining and studying the opinions expressed in relation to the aesthetics of urban landscapes, the components of aesthetics of urban landscapes were identified and categorized; In the next step,The results show that the components of urban landscape aesthetics from the perspective of citizens in four categories: 1- Emphasis on physical and physical elements, 2. Emphasis on meaning; 3. Emphasis on natural elements; and 4. Expression of emotions and inner states; Finally, a comparative comparison of the two stages showed that the cases explained from the theoretical foundations with the cases raised by citizens,

In recent years, land use changes have become a big challenge in rural areas. In the villages, there is no news of originality, pristine environment and peace, because the special and noble culture of the villagers has given its place to insatiable profit and benefit capitalism, an insidious capitalism that has conquered the most original territories. In this research, the factors affecting the changes in the land use system in the rural areas of Little Lavasan District have been investigated with the approach of political economy of space. This research is applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out by descriptive-analytical method and based on documentary and field studies. In the field analysis section, satellite images were used to analyze land use changes, and in the documentation section, Delphi technique was used. To evaluate the factors, out of 44 items in the form of 8 economic, political, physical, residential, agricultural, commercial-administrative, transportation-facility and cultural, sports and tourist indicators and to analyze and measure the importance of drivers using the Delphi analysis method, Chi-square and mean were used. The results of the weights of the consensus, certainty, importance and priority indicators show that access to the transportation system, the tourism potential of the region and the per capita growth of facilities are the most important and the quality of housing in terms of access to infrastructure facilities, the growth and type of commercial use, the tourism potential of the region and access to The transportation system has the highest importance.

Smart city is the use of governance based on information and communication technology and is now a widespread trend around the world. Using smart cities is expected to be more effective in managing complex, diverse urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization. However, in its implementation, many fundamental problems significantly affect the success of the implementation of smart cities, including the lack of adequate human resources, technology policies, etc. have not been effective. The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of Tabriz city development based on smart city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The sample size is 25 experts in Tabriz urban affairs. Structural equations with Smart Pls software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, among the studied indicators, the most impact on smart city development, related to the human resources index (H), e-government (G) and ICT (I) with the coefficients extracted based on the structural model, respectively. The research is 0.911, 0.812 and 0.781. It is also observed in the measurement model that the factor coefficient for each variable is higher than 0.50%. As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development of Tabriz based on the development of smart city, more attention should be paid to the human resources index and e-government.

The awareness of Iran's garment industry experts to the issue of sustainability and its environmental concern is one of the country's requirements for progress in this field. Here, we are going to examine the some aspects of sustainability in different parts of the fashion and clothing value chain and propose the solutions for Iran's garment industry and how to achieve them. The article purpose is to investigate the level of awareness of garment sellers about sustainability and provide a comprehensive sustainability plan that can be implemented in this industry. The method is a descriptive survey with the data obtained by the questionnaire filled out from random 301 samples of sellers of Tehran Garment Union in whole Tehran. The questionnaire was designed with a five-point Likert scale and Cronbach's alpha (0.804), using statistical software. Outcomes show, there is no comprehensive awareness of sustainable development methods in sellers. The level of awareness about the influence of their role as a garment-seller in the implementation of fashion sustainability is average and for garment recycling methods is low; but the level of contribution of the respondents to participate in the green survey plan mentioned in the article as their social and economic concern is considered acceptable. On the other side, it found the role of garment unions is effective in raising awareness of sustainable fashion. Also, the higher the respondents' level of education, income, recognition of behavioral patterns, and participation in the green survey plan, they were closer to understanding of sustainable fashion.