نشریه اندیشه های نو در علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 3 (بهار 1403)

Increasing the security and safety of schools, reducing their vulnerability, and improving their sustainability are among the factors that increase the psychological security of students and families. It is one of the goals and crucial components of passive defense. Thus, given the significance of the subject, this study focuses on the validation of security and safety indicators from the perspective of passive defense in educational land uses, focusing on elementary schools in the western district of Bandar Imam Khomeini based on the five selected indicators(architecture and design, structure, facilities, proximity and access, and equipment) and 42 sub-indicators. The study type was applied and its method was survey-evaluation with emphasis on questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all principals, assistants, teachers, and some experts from the education department of Bandr Imam Khomeini City. The sample size was 117 people. To examine the normality of the data distribution, the Kolmogorov-Sminrov test was used. Also, to examine the status of the research variables, structural equation modeling by partial least squares (PLS) method and SMARTPLS software were used. The results of the PLS test revealed that the equipment indicator with an impact factor of 0.918 has the highest value and the proximity and access indicator with an impact factor of 0.771 has the lowest validity among the study indicators.

Karun river is a key region for environmental protection and high-quality economic development in ahvaz metropolis. However, tourism is a serious threat to the environment due to the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation. Hence, the present study aims to identify the driving factors affecting the ecological security of tourism considering the capacities of the karun river. The method of this study is explanatory based on the new methods of future research. The factors were evaluated by 30 experts and specialists in urban planning using environmental scanning, and interaction/structural effects analysis. MICMAC future research specialized software was used in this regard. The results revealed that the dispersion state of the effective variables indicates the sustainability of the system. Based on 31 investigated factors, 10 primary factors were selected as key factors affecting the ecological security of tourism. All factors were repeated in both direct and indirect methods. The results indicated that the variables related to the dimensions of the scale and profit of tourism as drivers of the tourism industry have been preferred over the objectives of protecting the environment and environmental resources. Variables such as the number of employees in the tourism industry, the income from international and domestic tourists, the number of star hotels, the ratio of educational expenses to public finances, the number of international and domestic tourists, the total retail sales of hotels, catering services, and unemployment rate and urbanization are prioritized. This study revealed that the tourism capacities in the ahvaz metropolis, especially the karun river, have been abandoned due to mismanagement. Also, the results suggest that tourism planning has not been considered and the use of foresight and forecasting tools can facilitate the achievement of tourism goals.

The success rate of cultural spaces has always depended on human presence and utilizing the spaces. The cultural spaces have sought to increase social interactions and human solidarity in addition to the revival of culture and art. One of the primary views of Iranian architecture is to pay attention to the social dimension of man and his need to be present in society. The present sought to investigate and evaluate the impact of Iranian architectural indicators and their unique features on the social interactions of humans in cultural spaces based on library and field studies and content analysis about the theoretical foundations. It has been hypothesized that cultural spaces are a platform consisting of social and human activities and relationships. The analyses revealed that the identity of iranian architecture and its constituent elements are in line with the identity needs of man and his social identity, and always paying attention to these indicators and the elements invites him to communicate and participate in social interactions.

Without considering their sacred and spiritual characteristics, holy places are an exhibition of art and a symbol of civilization and culture that attract religious tourists. The emigration of Imam reza to iran, as the biggest religious event, has created a spiritual and religious path that can be recognized as the center of religious tourism. The functions and structures of the spiritual(social and cultural) and material (economic and spatial) life of the city arise from this religious-cultural nature. These places are visited with different motivations. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the movement path and direction of imam reza and the development of the tourism industry. This study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods with a document study tool. The results revealed that according to statistics, more than 300 authorized accommodation units are operating in the nearby city of mashhad, which includes about 70% of all accommodation centers in iran. A glance at the five-year development plans and planning done by the organization of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism in iran suggests that the development of tourism in religious destinations has always been the priority of tourism development programs, indicating the special importance of these destinations. Based on the movement path and direction of imam reza, it can be stated that the religious tourism industry is one of the best ways to introduce history, culture, and religious values and the peaceful coexistence of religions among countries. Also, blessed and religious places indicate the customs, beliefs, and thoughts of the people in addition to their sanctity and unique spirituality.

The present study aimed to identify and rank the factors affecting the selection of architecture and leveling of educational centers according to climate conditions using the ANP method. Library and field methods were used to collect data. Data collection tools were databases related to climatology in the Ahvaz metropolis. To weigh each factor, the opinions of experts and ANP were used. The factors were also ranked based on the weight of each factor. The results revealed that pollution prevention with a weight of 0.099, sunny hours with a weight of 0.099, and access with a relative weight of 0.096 had the highest weights among the obtained sub-indices. Thus, they were ranked first to third, respectively. Other sub-indicators were placed in other ranks based on the weights obtained.

The development and progress of a society depends on maintaining security and the feeling resulting from it. Border security is the foundation of the country's national security. The presence of people in the border areas requires their feeling of security. A feeling of insecurity is one of the most significant factors threatening the presence of people in the border areas. The feeling of security is the base of human survival in any place. In this regard, the present study uses descriptive and analytical methods and library studies to evaluate and explain the sense of life in the Arvand Rud coastal border. In this study, the life dimension of a sense of security was considered a dependent variable, and individual characteristics, life on the coast, tribal violence, the concern of natives leaving Iranian waters, the insecurity of the neighboring country, and insecurity in non-Iranian waters are considered independent variables. According to the Cochran formula, the sample size of the study was considered to be 315 people from 16 villages and two urban centers of the Arvand Rud coast. All the variables were extracted as maps after analyzing them in SPSS software and with the help of GIS. To use the results of the t-test, the results of Levene’s test are used first. The results of the test indicated that the error rate was 0.61. In other words, the accuracy rate of the test is 39 percent, which is more than the acceptable level. Thus, there is a difference between the variances. The results of the t-test, assuming equality of variances, indicate that this test is significant at a confidence level above 95%. Since the sense of life security is 2.5 in rural areas and 2.7 in urban areas, it can be stated that the sense of life security in urban areas is in a better state than in rural areas. If we separate the villages from the cities, the feeling of life security is better in the southern villages of the study area. Also, the feeling of life security was more in the villages except for the lack of feeling of security when the sailors were leaving Iranian waters.