نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه محیط شهری
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1402)

During the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience of the metropolis of Tehran (the political and economic capital of Iran) in the form of ecological indicators and identifying the most important factors affecting them. In this research, firstly, indicators in 7 categories include water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution in the GIS software environment using resilience state overlay tools. It showed the areas. The future research discussion of this article consists of two parts. In the first part, in order to create a base of existing primary factors about the components of spatial resilience, from the environmental scanning technique (examination of articles and printed sources, interviews with experts, and monitoring of conventions and conferences) and review of the literature background. In the second part, experts and elites were asked to identify the most important factors affecting the ecological resilience of the environment within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and Mic Mac software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the spatial analysis of the resilience of Tehran city in the ecological dimension of the environment is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram. Based on the findings, the variables of fault zones and earthquake intensity, drought, establishment of production and industrial resources (power plants and industries), proximity of risk centers, soil quality, quality and quantity of water reserves, environmental pollution, threats of geomorphological origin (landslide, subsidence) and..) has the highest influencing factor on the ecological dimension of the resilience of Tehran city.

Today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will provide them with a quick return to the pre-crisis situation in case of various accidents and damages. Therefore, in recent studies particular emphasis has been placed on resilience and the promotion of resilience against various accidents and crises has become an important and broad field, so the simultaneous and mutual movement of sustainable development and increasing resilience is currently being discussed. Urban resilience is one of the most important and key approaches that guarantee the survival of human settlements. Unfortunately, in recent years, the vulnerability of Iranian cities to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased, which has made the need for foresight in this field even more important. The ever-increasing speed of changes in the first decade of the 21st century has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty and has placed an environment full of opportunities and threats in front of the current complex systems. In this unstable and rapidly changing environment, the traditional tools of planning will not be responsible for the medium and long term. During the last two centuries, and especially from the 20th century until now, a completely different approach has emerged in urban and regional planning, but the nature of planning, i.e. purposefulness, systematicity, and having future guidelines, remains intact. The important point is that the type of attitude and intellectual foundations that prevailed in different times have changed in the category of planning, which has caused the creation of different styles in planning. One of these approaches is planning based on the future research scenario. The importance of the issue comes from the fact that the city of Tehran has a population of 8,693,706 people, and this city, as the capital and the first metropolis of Iran, faces many challenges, including the ever-increasing population and the subsequent abnormal development of the urban body (in the event of an earthquake, witnessing a human disaster and fewer casualties in the world) we will be). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial resilience of Tehran city from an ecological perspective and to provide suggestions and solutions by examining the current situation.

In terms of the purpose, the research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary library studies and field investigations. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research was of a non-experimental type and was carried out within the framework of the case-analytic model. The investigated community was the statistical block and all urban and residential uses of Tehran city, and the main data was obtained mainly by using the data of the urban blocks of the Iranian Statistics Center and the available documents, including the comprehensive and detailed plan. Available information layers, field observations, targeted questioning of municipal experts, and specific data produced in the software environment of the GIS geographic information system, as well as document and library study, have provided another part of the required information for the article. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in 7 categories including water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution based on existing land use studies and revision The detailed plan of Tehran city areas was extracted. In the following, for the spatialization of the studied indicators at the level of the texture of the regions, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) has been used in the network analysis process (Spline Tools) in the ArcGIS software environment. In the second part, experts and elites (25 people) were asked to identify the most important components affecting Determining environmental-ecological resilience within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and MIC MAC software is used for data analysis.

In the analysis of the effect-dependency matrix, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement and ecological spatial distribution of the metropolis of Tehran with the model of future research in the framework of Figure 5(t). The pattern of this distribution will have a very direct relationship with the stability or instability of the environmental-ecological resilience system in the Tehran metropolis with a forward-looking approach; In such a way that stable systems, while having indicators with a high degree of influence and effectiveness, the variables also have a normal distribution in other levels of the diagram.
And in unstable systems, the distribution of variables does not have the same normal pattern, and most of the indicators tend to be high or low. Therefore, according to the analysis, it can be found that the environmental-ecological resilience system of the Tehran metropolis is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram, and it indicates the instability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. Each of the variables is placed in a certain place in the diagram according to the degree of influence. According to Figure 5(t), the position of the variables in the diagram indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and evolution of the system in the future.

The results of the evaluation, while at a high level, comply with the realities surrounding urban resilience in Tehran, in such a way that in the framework of prospective studies and by using the scenario approach, it is possible to measure the general state of resilience, and model Its stability or instability was also found from how the variables are spatially distributed on the level of graphs and figures output from Mic Mac software. Also, the almost high percentage of the filling factor (98%) in the research variables confirms the validity and reliability of the research tools at an almost high level.
The information obtained from Figure 5(p) confirms the fact that ecological environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis is unstable and in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a disaster scenario and in the best case, if the current situation continues, the environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis and the continuation of the current drought situation, limited attention to the water resources management situation, the continuation of the current unfavorable situation and the destruction of the region's ecosystem, the ecological pressure on the resources, the continuation of the current situation of planning to improve the state of land use management and the growth of incompatible industrial uses within the regions which will ultimately lead to the continuation of the unfavorable situation of instability.

The most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Heritage tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration the historical contexts of cities due to its role in creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale. This role takes into consideration the protection and development of historical textures. The use of heritage tourism in historical areas can help the successful urban regeneration of these tissues. The current research aims to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz. This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories. The result of the reading shows that the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical context of Shiraz should consider education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-oriented, traditional values, spiritual heritage and social cohesion, at the same time. With it, capacity-building, pattern-making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action in the context of drafting and revising national and local laws, facilitating and mediating, facilitating and empowering the field of physical creativity, public participation and social vitality, and resulting to strengthen physical, cultural and social identity.

      The most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Due to its role in creating new jobs and creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale, tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration historical contexts. By strengthening tourism, it is possible to achieve the protection of historical textures. Using tourism in historical areas can help solve urban problems and achieve successful urban regeneration of these areas. Heritage tourism is the redevelopment of an area with historical and cultural values, an inevitable process of urban development. The historical texture of Shiraz, has the most valuable spiritual characteristics such as cultural identity, specific cultural patterns, social and cultural authenticity, unique economic capacities and with specific patterns of architecture and urban planning, physical identity. However, the tourism capacities of the historical texture of Shiraz metropolis as one of the largest and richest historical and cultural centers of the country have been neglected. Therefore, this research seeks to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz

      This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories.

       In the heritage tourism reading of the model of regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz, five categories of education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-centered, traditional values ​​and spiritual heritage, and social cohesion were identified as effective causal conditions. In this model, causal conditions include categories that affect the formation of the central category. Strategies for the realization of the central category, which are specific actions and interactions that have resulted from the central category, and in this model, people's participation, social vitality, and physical creativity. Fields have also been introduced as special conditions that affect strategies, facilitation and mediation, facilitation and empowerment, formulation and review of national and local laws. The intervention conditions in this model, which are the general background conditions affecting the strategies, are capacity building, pattern making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action. The consequences of the model of this research are physical identity, cultural and social identity.

      The historical texture of cities with historical and cultural attractions are neglected by decision makers and decision-makers, heritage tourism is one of the significant approaches in recreating historical contexts, which plays a very important role in economic, physical, social and It has a culture. A careful reading of this role should be placed in the agenda of the trustees so that it can consider the protection and development of historical contexts in a balanced way and have effective results in the regeneration of historical texture. In the historical context of cities, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the study of heritage tourism, event-oriented category, traditional values ​​and spiritual heritage, we should focus on historical stories and narratives, capitals and spiritual heritage, traditional and old values ​​of the context, events and Historical and cultural rituals should be emphasized and efforts should be made to inform about these events and values, documentaries, multimedia productions and storytelling. Also, education and training of tourism capacities of historical context should be taken into consideration. In the category of social, cultural and religious tourism, by using the capacity of creative houses, efforts should be made to identify, strengthen the attractions and recreational and tourism capacities, and introduce the religious and special attractions of the historical texture of Shiraz. The category of physical tourism, the diverse architecture of historical houses and the definition of tourism should be emphasized
In order to read the role of heritage tourism in recreating historical contexts, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the context of facilitation and mediation by defining the duties of facilitator and mediator, fulfilling the role and reassuring people in heritage tourism should be emphasized, also in the category of drafting and revising national laws. And local attention should be paid to the review of municipal laws and cultural heritage and to fix the museum's view of historical contexts, and in the category of facilitating and giving authority, he paid attention to facilitating and delegating national authority to the provinces in carrying out context actions. At the same time, capacity building should be considered by formulating a comprehensive plan for the regeneration and flexible registration of the historical context, modeling, promoting and encouraging all-round participation in preserving the context's facilities, social activism and interaction with policy makers, inter-institutional cooperation in the implementation of various matters. The context and connection of activists with the media should be emphasized. The emergence of heritage tourism with physical creativity is possible by showing creativity, depicting events, making spaces attractive and creating stories, producing old architectural and artistic materials, and popular participation and social vitality in preserving the heritage of localities, the result of which is strengthening the physical, cultural and Social according to the identification and strengthening of physical assets, content-oriented patterns, memory generation, artistic cultural needs of the fabric, culture building, preservation of the original residents, the heritage of ordinary citizens and the prosperity of the traditional way of life in the valuable historical texture of Shiraz.

Today, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban spaces, which is the basis for the development of human societies. Meanwhile, women, as a part of the vulnerable sections of society, need a sense of security for their presence in urban spaces. The presence of women in safe spaces promotes the model of effective and better participatory social activities in the community scene. The present research is of an applied type, which was carried out in the statistical population of the 2nd and 5th regions of Shiraz city with a descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the sense of security of women living in the statistical community. The process of collecting information is in the form of library and documentary studies, and the data is obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and create sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the goal of the research, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical analyzes were used in SPSS software.The findings indicate that region 5 has better social, physical and psychological conditions than region 2 and women feel more secure. Also, the results indicate that the social, physical and psychological dimensions have a direct relationship with each other, in other words, these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, the higher the indicators of these dimensions are, the more secure women feel.

      Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of urbanization and the ever-increasing population of urban dwellers, which brings with it the mixing and mixing of people in the urban space, has caused the discussion of security to gain special importance in urban issues, urban security. It means peace of mind and lack of fear of citizens from any threat and danger against the city, citizens, urban spaces, buildings and organizations, facilities and urban infrastructures and other important elements in urban life that cause concern and feeling of insecurity in citizens. brought The feeling of security is considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life, and it is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban structures, and it is of special importance due to the inclusion of a sense of peace and comfort in the environment for citizens. . Various factors affect citizens' sense of security; the security of women in the urban society will result in many social and economic benefits. The feeling of security in women can be effective in improving the pattern of social activities and bring about a better participation in the community scene

      This research is of a practical and practical type, which was collected using the questionnaire tool, the required data in different periods of time in the fall of 2022. In this research, the statistical population of women over 15 years of age is 102,212 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 382 people by Cochran's method and taking into account the sample error rate of 0.5% compared to sampling from the target statistical population by stratified and random method. In the current research, the descriptive and analytical method was used and the process of collecting research information was collected in the form of library and document studies, and the findings were obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and questionnaire data are collected in such a way that for each index, a question is asked, and according to the five-scale Likert scale, answers including very weak, weak, average, good and very good are considered, which citizens according to They have answered the questions of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the data T and Pearson correlation tests have been used in the SPSS software format.

       The calculation of the difference test in the indicators related to the social dimension of the sense of security in the two studied regions shows that the overall average of the index in the fifth region is 3.36 and the second region is 2.35, which indicates the difference in the level of security in the studied regions. Based on the obtained information, the indicators of neighborhood relations and the dynamics and activity of the population are more than the significance level (0.05) and the rest of the indicators are less than the significance level. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the social dimension. The calculation of the mean difference test in the indicators related to the physical dimension shows the sense of security. Based on the analysis, region 5 shows a better physical quality than region 2. As we can see in this table, the level of significance of these two areas in terms of the indicators of lighting condition and face detection at night and the condition of urban furniture is calculated to be less than the level of significance (0.05). From the calculated value (0.05), which shows that there is no equality between the variances. The sig value of the T-test item 4 is more than the significant limit, which means that the average difference of the two communities in question is not significant in terms of this variable from the citizens' point of view. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the physical dimension. The calculation of the test shows the average difference in the indices related to the security index, as it can be seen that the sig value of the T test in terms of the gender justice index is greater than the calculated significance level (0.05), which can be argued that the average difference of the two communities in question in terms of this index is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens. is not And the sig value of the T-test of other dimensions is less than the calculated significance limit value, which can be argued that the average difference between the population is significant.

      According to the results obtained, region 5 has better conditions than region 2 in terms of social, physical and psychological dimensions, and women feel more secure, and from the conducted tests, it can be concluded that social, physical and psychological dimensions are related to each other. They have a direct relationship and also these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, as the indicators of these dimensions increase, women feel more secure. In this regard, some of the proposals presented in the research are such that it is possible to create people's organizations and form social and cultural institutions, especially institutions centered on women, in order to include as many women as possible and increase the interaction and social support of citizens from each other; Using waste and unused spaces in order to create interactive spaces and the participation of all classes for the dynamism and activity of the population and the increase and improvement of neighborhood relations; Private sector investment in temporary commercial activities on different days, including bazaars and bazaars with a focus on supporting women, such as bazaars for the supply of home business goods, such as handicrafts, etc.; Preventing the game exchange and land speculation, building the aggregation of small parts and increasing mixed and mixed uses for diversity of use and easier access for women in the area; Increasing awareness and civic participation by holding public meetings and consultations through the convergence and integration of residents and the use of cultural commonalities to control social harms at the neighborhood level in order to give citizens a sense of belonging to their place of residence.

Tourism has many positive and negative effects on economic, social, cultural and environmental fields. Today, the beach is the destination of many tourists and due to the high social demand, these areas are constantly exposed to destruction. One of the effective factors to prevent this issue is people's environmental behavior. The environmental behavior of coastal destination’s residents is strongly affected by tourism activities because they understand better its harmful effects. This study examines the factors affecting the responsible environmental behavior of the residents of the coastal city of Babolsar. The research is practical based on purpose and descriptive-analytical based on nature for which 308 residents of Babolsar were selected as a statistical sample through Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which validity and reliability were checked through SmartPLS3 software. The findings showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/154, but it has an effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/011. Also perceived cost doesn’t affect on both promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/123 and compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/719. Place dependence affects both perceived benefit that significant level is 0/000 and perceived cost that significant level is 0/001. In addition, place dependence has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/027, and vice versa, it has no effect on the promotion of this behavior that significant level is 0/411. Also, the place identity has an effect on the promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/003, and vice versa, it has no effect on compliance of this behavior that significant level is 0/135. The place identity has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior through place dependence that significant level is 0/028. In addition, place dependence is effective in promotion of environmental responsible behavior through perceived benefit that significant level is 0/037. Finally, the results showed that education, birthplace, length of stay, age and current and past economic participation of residents cause their different perceptions.

      The tourism industry has many effects on the economic, social-cultural and environmental fields. Due to the high demand for coastal tourism destinations and activities, these types of areas are exposed to destruction. Environmental responsible behavior includes behaviors that contribute to the sustainability and prosperity of destinations by reducing negative environmental effects and sustainable using of resources. Residents of coastal areas observe closely the harmful environmental effects, and they have a higher level of awareness about tourism. If their attitude leads to their support of tourism activities, the simultaneous satisfaction of the tourist and the host community will realize the sustainable development of tourism. Place attachment which is an emotional relationship between people, communities and place motivates people to pay attention about the environment and encourage others to do the same. During recent years, the Babolsar was exposed to many environmental problems that could be seen even in the seasons of tourism decline. Therefore, it is important to examine the sustainable behavior of its residents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of residents' attitude and place attachment on their environmental responsible behavior.

      The research is descriptive-analytical based on nature and practical based on purpose. The statistical population of the research are the residents of Babolsar city. After estimating the sample size through the Morgan method and considering the limitations caused by the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic at the time of the research, it was possible to reach 308 people. The documentary-library method was used to study the past evidence and to compile the theoretical foundations and literature review. Then the conceptual model was designed. The tool of data collection was the researcher made questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed by the experts. The items of the questionnaire were extracted from past studies, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient after the final designing. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data.

T-test was used to estimate the correlation between variables. Based on this test, if the absolute value of the t-statistic between two variables becomes greater than 1.96 and its significance level becomes less than 0.05, there is a significant relationship between the two variables at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost has effect neither on compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor on promotion of environmental responsible behavior.  Place dependence has a significant effect on both perceived benefit and perceived cost. Place dependence has the effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior while there is no relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place identity has no effect on compliance environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place dependence can play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it can’t play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived benefit doesn’t play a mediating role between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but this variable plays a mediating role between place dependence and promoting environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost plays mediating role neither in the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor in the relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Finally, the goodness of fit index of the model (0.342) showed that the model has strong predictive power. The eta correlation coefficient was used to prove the relationship between the education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic participation in tourism with the attitude of residents. The results of the relationship of each of the variables with the attitude showed a number higher than 0.3 which shows that there is a significant relationship between each of these demographic characteristics with the attitude of the residents.

      In examining the relationship between the perceived benefit and the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, there is only a significant relationship between the perceived benefit and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior. There is no relationship between perceived cost and dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested to provide useful information about the benefits of tourism to the residents through the media. Citizens' rights should be taken into account in planning, and integrated planning should be made with their participation. Place dependence affected both perceived benefit and perceived cost. More attention should be paid to citizens' suggestions regarding various problems in the city. In examining the effect of place dependence on the dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior, only the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior is proven. It is suggested to consider events with the participation of residents in which rewards are given to people who are supporters of the environment. In examining the effect of place identity on the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, only a positive relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior is proven. In examining the mediating role of place dependence in the relationship between place identity and environmental responsible behavior, only this relationship is proved that place identity through place dependence has an effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested that the urban elements that express the identity of the residents should always be preserved and improved. In examining the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between place attachment and environmental responsible behavior, only the mediating role of perceived benefit between place attachment and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior is confirmed. It is suggested to provide educational programs in which the importance of environmental behaviors is clarified for people. Finally, the results of the surveys showed that each of education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic activity has a great impact on people's attitude toward tourism development. Therefore, it is suggested that the effect of these factors should also be investigated as a moderating variable in future researches.

High-rise construction is one of the methods of providing urban housing, and nowadays, the examination of their responsiveness in providing the quality of life for residents has been more and more noticed by designers and researchers. The current research, which is of a descriptive-analytical type and was prepared using a survey method, while identifying the effective factors in spatial attachment including "form-physical", "perceptual-emotional" and "activity-functional" and ranking them It deals with the level of residential satisfaction. These components in the formal-physical index include the components of "presence ability", "desired quality", "suitable density", "collective spaces" and "indicative places", in the perceptual-emotional index including the components of "duration of residence". "marital status", "personal income", "gender" and "occupation". The components of "memorable local events", "social interactions", "special activities", "suitability of activity to needs" and "cooperation" are also included in the sub-components of the activity-functional factor. The case study of this research is the Aseman residential complex in Tabriz, and its statistical population consists of the residents of this complex. The results of the surveys show that the perceptual-emotional factor with an average score of (3.610) and the formal-physical factor with an average score of (2.932) had the greatest and least impact on creating attachment to a place, respectively. The components of "presence" (3.02) from the formal-physical factor, "duration of residence" (3.73) from the perceptual-emotional factor and "memorable local events" (3.62) from the activity-functional factor have the highest score. among the relevant sub-components. Also, the findings show that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors in creating attachment and people's satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings. This means that the higher the quality of these components and the higher the level of people's understanding of them, the greater the attachment to the place. In proportion to this promotion of the sense of belonging in people, their level of satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings increases. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested that architects, designers and urban planners in the design of residential complexes, all the effective indicators on creating spatial attachment, including physical (form and composition, natural elements, lighting, visibility and access and ...), activities (social welfare, commercial, recreational and transportation services, diversity of activities, etc.) should be taken into consideration more in advance and provide the basis for the positive impact of individual and social indicators in order to achieve satisfaction. Residents will increase from living in high-rise residential complexes

      As one of the important indicators of sustainable urban development, the housing category, if unhealthy, endangers the health and quality of life of a wide range of people in the society and consequently the health of the city. Regarding high-rise buildings and their level of satisfaction, many researchers believe that one of the effects of living in complexes with high population density and unfavorable environmental quality is the weakening of social ties between residents, which itself is the basis for reducing stable communication, non-participation, decreasing the sense of belonging and gradual deterioration of these collections. High-rise construction is one of the methods of providing urban housing, and nowadays, the examination of their responsiveness in providing the quality of life for residents has been more and more noticed by designers and researchers. In Iran, residential complexes in different forms are used as a solution to provide housing, but the examination of the response rate of these complexes to ensure the quality of life for the residents has not been given much attention. Measuring housing satisfaction is complex and depends on many factors. Regarding high-rise buildings and their level of satisfaction, many researchers believe that one of the effects of living in complexes with high population density and unfavorable environmental quality is the weakening of social ties between residents, which itself is the basis for reducing stable communication, non-participation, decreasing the sense of belonging and gradual deterioration of these collections. Given that satisfaction, like human nature, is a complex phenomenon with diverse and different indicators, in the present research, the effective factors in place dependence and satisfaction of citizens from living in high-rise buildings were investigated. The factors influencing the creation of a sense of belonging to a place can be considered to be caused by the person and the surrounding environment (with all its characteristics). This is the case with the factors of the "environmental" and the factors that are affected by the social factors, and the social factors. Local cooperation and local visas create memories, etc., and personal factors include mental images and personal characteristics, etc. Such as mental images, satisfaction, security, relationships, expectations and previous belongings, and personal characteristics have the factors of job, type of residence, reference culture and length of stay.

The current research, which is of a descriptive-analytical type and was prepared using a survey method, while identifying the effective factors in spatial attachment including "form-physical", "perceptual-emotional" and "activity-functional" and ranking them It deals with the level of residential satisfaction. These components in the formal-physical index include the components of "presence ability", "desired quality", "suitable density", "collective spaces" and "indicative places", in the perceptual-emotional index including the components of "duration of residence". "marital status", "personal income", "gender" and "occupation". The components of "memorable local events", "social interactions", "special activities", "suitability of activity to needs" and "cooperation" are also included in the sub-components of the activity-functional factor. The case study of this research is the Aseman residential complex in Tabriz, and its statistical population consists of the residents of this complex. The questions raised around each indicator were prepared and completed by the statistical community based on the five-point Likert scale. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method was used qualitatively. The reliability of the questionnaires was also evaluated using Cronbach's alpha calculation method equal to (0.876). Finally, the collected data were processed with SPSS software at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient test.

The results of the surveys show that the perceptual-emotional factor with an average score of (3.610) and the formal-physical factor with an average score of (2.932) had the greatest and least impact on creating attachment to a place, respectively. The components of "presence" (3.02) from the formal-physical factor, "duration of residence" (3.73) from the perceptual-emotional factor and "memorable local events" (3.62) from the activity-functional factor have the highest score. among the relevant sub-components. Also, the findings show that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors in creating attachment and people's satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings. This means that the higher the quality of these components and the higher the level of people's understanding of them, the greater the attachment to the place. In proportion to this promotion of the sense of belonging in people, their level of satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings increases. In the interpretation of these findings, it can be pointed out that the satisfaction of citizens has a deep relationship with a person's understanding and feeling about an object, subject, place, etc. Events, images, people and belongings in an environment create a memory and mentality in a person and cause feelings such as happiness, enthusiasm, sadness, sadness and memories in a person, which is associated with the creation of attachment. Form-physical factors as well as activity-functional factors, although each of them has some kind of effect in creating a memory and place attachment, but considering that the form-physical factors undergo changes over time, such as additions, colors and lighting, etc. and the activity-functional factors also cause the removal and addition of some activities by changing the use and converting some spaces into future needed spaces to other factors.

     In a general summary and according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that all three mentioned factors had a positive effect in creating a sense of belonging and place attachment, but the effect of perceptual-emotional factors was better. So, It is suggested that architects, designers and urban planners in the design of residential complexes, all the effective indicators on creating spatial attachment, including physical (form and composition, natural elements, lighting, visibility and access and ...), activities (social welfare, commercial, recreational and transportation services, diversity of activities, etc.) should be taken into consideration more in advance and provide the basis for the positive impact of individual and social indicators in order to achieve satisfaction residents will increase from living in high-rise residential complexes.

Energy is one of the important and effective indicators in the direction of sustainable urban development; Because sustainable development aims to meet human needs and strives to preserve the environment. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the relationship and effects of optimal energy management in different parts of the city. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in the sustainable development of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 1,565,572 citizens of Shiraz. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people. Also, 21 related experts were used for interviews to identify and analyze the factors of reducing energy consumption in Shiraz city. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. The results show that the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development include 20 indicators, which are in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39. 05), expansion of urban public services (21. 25), use Renewable energy (10. 92), improvement of social indicators (8. 55) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were recognized. Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. The modeling results show that the most effective reduction of energy consumption on sustainable urban development is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with a total effect value of 0. 88, followed by environmental protection with an effect of 0. 85, an increase in urban investment resources with an effect of 0. 83, and consumption Optimum energy in the building sector with a total effect of 0. 82.
Extended Abstract

The formation, maintenance and development of a city based on the sustainable development approach requires various indicators. In fact, due to the nature of integration and correlation of various indicators in the sustainable development approach, one cannot hope for the realization of sustainable development in a city except in the shadow of attention and planning based on various economic, social and environmental indicators. In this regard, one of the indicators that has a wide connection with sustainable development and preservation of the environment and various resources is the energy index. Today, with the expansion of population, urbanization and large industries, a large part of energy is consumed in cities. In many cases, the amount of energy consumption in different parts of the city is more than the standard amount, and this issue has created many challenges. Considering the importance of the subject, exploration in various sectors of sustainable urban development and energy consumption is very important and undeniable.
A large part of the sustainable development of Iranian cities can be realized by reducing energy consumption; Because energy and its optimal consumption play an important role in different parts of the development of cities. This impact can be seen in various fields of services, environmental management, urban traffic, construction management and buildings, etc. In this research, the aim is to identify and then analyze the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development, which was investigated in the case of Shiraz. The city of Shiraz has a special geographical, service, tourism and industrial position, and its multiple role-playing causes the effects of reducing energy consumption in the development of this city to be known and the related factors to be identified.

The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Shiraz and experts familiar with the subject. The population of this city was equal to 1565572 people according to the latest statistics available to the researcher and based on the population and housing census of 2015. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 384 people and the sampling method was random. A statistical sample of 21 experts was also selected. Data collection methods are in two forms: library (documents) and field (survey). The tools of data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The interview method has been used to identify the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development and in order to prepare a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite community, and reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative methods were used to measure and analyze the data, which included structural equation modeling and factor analysis. In the method of structural equations, based on the drawn model based on theoretical foundations, various indicators have been placed in the model and the effectiveness of each of the resilience indicators has been determined.

The measurement of sustainable urban development indicators through the T-Tech test shows that except for a few employment indicators of citizens with a significance level of 0. 222; Access of citizens to technology and technology with a significance level of 0. 071 and participation of citizens in city management with a significance level of 0. 055, other indicators were significant at a level less than 0. 05 and equal to 0. 000. Examining the significance direction according to the average indicates that sustainable development indicators include quality of life (2. 882), youth employment (2. 078), economic efficiency (2. 291), poverty reduction (2. 289), improvement of lifestyle Life and consumption pattern (2/085), participation of citizens in city management (2/752), use of clean energy (solar and. . ) (2/205), prevention of excessive city growth (2/362) Preservation of historical and cultural monuments (2/057), preventing the destruction of the city's environment (1/966), air pollution management (2/151) and appropriate distribution of uses (2/640) are in a weak state and this Indicators need serious planning. Also, the result shows that the three indicators of citizens' access to technology and technology with an average of 3. 114, citizens' access to appropriate education with an average of 3. 323 and access to appropriate medical and health centers with an average of 3. 625 are in an average situation and In fact, compared to other indicators of sustainable development in Shiraz, they have more suitable conditions.
The results show that the factors for reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development included 20 indicators. At the level of variables, the highest factor loading was related to the building density factor with a value of 0. 926. Also, two factors of using intelligent energy consumption control systems with a factor load of 0. 920 and using wind energy with a factor load of 0. 910 are known in the second and third ranks. These 20 indicators in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39/05), expansion of urban public services (21/25), use of renewable energy (10/92), improvement of social indicators (55) 8. ) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were categorized.
Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. In total, it can be said that the 12 examined indicators, including the prosperity of production and economic activities, reducing urban pollution, reducing household expenses, improving the quality of urban life, improving the consumption pattern, increasing access to services, reducing greenhouse gases and etc. can be effective in improving sustainable urban development. Examining the effectiveness of 12 indicators in sustainable urban development shows that the total effect value is 0. 76, and in total, the reviewed indicators can explain about 76% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in the sustainable urban development of Shiraz. According to the results of this model, the most effective is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with an explanation of 0. 88. The urban environment preservation index has an explanatory power of 0. 85, the increase of investment has an explanatory power of 0. 83, the optimal energy consumption in the building sector has an explanatory power of 0. 82, and the reduction of household expenses also has an explanatory power of 0. 79 in the field of improving sustainable urban development.

 In general, it can be concluded that optimal energy consumption and its reduction can be effective in the sustainable development of Shiraz city, and this influence is realized through different patterns and indicators. Also, the result shows that the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in various economic, social and environmental dimensions show their effectiveness and therefore affect various dimensions of sustainable urban development. Considering these points, the important role of optimizing energy consumption in the development of Shiraz cannot be ignored. In this regard, it is suggested that 1- local (traditional) patterns should be emphasized in order to reduce energy consumption in the buildings of this city in terms of architecture, form, etc. 2- In order to reduce energy consumption in the building sector and achieve sustainable development, it is suggested Incentive schemes for citizens can be strengthened in order to optimize energy consumption. 3- It is suggested that the costs of reducing the optimal energy consumption should be spent in the urban services sector so that citizens can see the results of their optimal consumption in the energy sector. 4- It is suggested that in order to optimize energy consumption and sustainable development of the city Shiraz, the smart infrastructure sector of this city should be upgraded. 5- It is suggested that suitable financial and credit facilities for citizens to use solar energy should be emphasized and planned. 6- It is suggested that the educational dimension related to energy consumption at the level of Shiraz city neighborhoods and in public places. be explained to the citizens.

One of the most important elements in the emergence and creation of urban morphology is spatial-spatial factors, which can be influenced by different dimensions, which is the case in Shahrekord due to the limitation of the horizontal development of the city, as well as the clutter of the body. The city is not in a good condition. In this regard, this research aims to identify and investigate the role of spatial-spatial factors on the emergence and morphology of urban settlements (a case study of Shahrekord). The statistical population includes 135 specialists, experts and university professors related to the subject of the research in Shahrekord, 100 of whom were randomly selected as a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, frequency tables, and Pearson's correlation and regression tests have been used. And analysis and charts have been done using SPSS and Excel software. The results show that the expansion of the market and the existence of universities, and the creation of new settlements around the old Shahrekord, encroachment on agricultural land, and extensive migrations have caused the expansion of the city, and the change of its form and structure. that spatial-spatial factors, environmental factors and geographic factors have played a significant role in this change of shape and structure, and there is a significant relationship between the research variables and the development and morphology of Shahrekord.
Extended Abstract

The discussion of urban space is one of the most attractive concerns in the field of urban planning, which has attracted many thinkers in this field and has focused their attention on it. Throughout history, human perception and accordingly his definition of space and urban space have undergone tremendous changes. Today, basically, the social dimension urban space is known from the definition of mere space; Although still, the main recognition, analysis and design of space in cities is done with more emphasis on aesthetic aspects and relying on formalist theories, and less attention is paid to the content. In the following, the role of spatial-spatial factors on the emergence and morphology of Shahrekord urban settlements has been investigated. Urban morphology, systematic reviews of form, shape, map, structure and functions of the urban context and the origin and evolution of the texture way, over time. Morphology, meaning "plan, buildings, users, street, maps, urban landscape" is. What mostly in urban geography, deal with it, in fact investigating the spatial dimensions of urban development, urban and inter-urban between the two views. In this regard, this study as to identify and investigate the role of spatial, urban settlements on the genesis and morphology (case study Shahrekord), respectively.

The study population included all individuals of Shahrekord living, a random sampling of 100 randomly selected. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, frequency tables and Pearson correlation and regression test was used. And analysis and charts, using SPSS and Excel software have been conducted.

Results indicate that, market expansion and universities and the creation of new settlements around the old Branch and the development of the city and change the form, and structure it. That spatial factors, environmental factors and geographical factors, play a significant role in this transformation and restructuring have. And the assumptions of research, development and morphology Shahrekord, there is a significant relationship. In general, spatial-spatial factors have had an impact on the emergence and morphology of Shahrekord, in such a way that the extent of the expansion of the city, the amount of population, proximity and distance to heights and springs, as well as many environmental and climatic factors, play a role in this context. have had and the location of this city shows these things well. Geographical location and environmental factors have also influenced the emergence and morphology of the city, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the spatial-spatial factors and the emergence of Shahrekord. The old texture of Shahrekord had a regular structure in the past, and the gradual development and expansion of the city did not cause any damage to its entire texture and structure at the same time. Despite the existence of the market, the ancient tissue had this main function as the main and essential economic element of maintaining the tissue, and the structure of the tissue was not a problem for this function, because the historical tissue was so organic that it had a physical response for every use need in the past. , but over time and during the changes that happened to the fabric, the structure and body of the city's centuries-old fabric suffered a lot of damage and losses.

In the context of the origin of Shahrekord, it should be mentioned that this city was first known as a settlement called Dehkord, which due to the natural location of the region and the southern meadow of the Dehkord Plain, it can be assumed that they were mainly engaged in animal husbandry, perhaps the word " "Kurd" means shepherd, herdsman is taken from the first name of the inhabitants of this area. Due to the good location in terms of water and the importance of the area, it is very good for ranchers and nomads and pastures, and the weather is very suitable in terms of temperature in the hot months of the year, it is very bright. This city is located in the fence of different heights, and the development of the city has been from the Dehkord plain towards the heights and often towards the north and south. Studies have shown that parts of the city are more at risk of floods and earthquakes, for example, the northern part of the city, which is located near the Rokh fault, is more exposed to earthquakes, and the southern part is more prone to floods. Also, the average results show that the development of the city is currently taking place in parts that threaten the city with various natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes. Until now, the implementation of renovation and improvement projects in the dilapidated fabric of the city are not implemented, except in the areas that are beneficial for the individuals and organizations responsible for the implementation of the plan, and so far, only a small part of these areas have been renovated and improved, and other areas Until now, except for the dilapidated ones, which the municipality bought at low prices, and uses them as public parking lots (in the case that in many cases, it has been observed that many of these parking lots are used as a place for street vendors) has been converted). Due to the low economic conditions of the residents, it has not been implemented yet, and also the expansion of the market and the existence of universities and the creation of new settlements around the old Shahrekord have caused the expansion of the city and the change of its form and structure. that spatial-spatial factors, environmental factors and geographical factors have played a significant role in this change of shape and structure.

Today, the development of tourism in various destinations is considered important and has many positive effects. Therefore, the countries that benefit from potential abilities in this field, are continuously trying to allocate a suitable share of the tourism markets by branding. The purpose of the research was to explain the evaluation of internal marketing and environmental citizenship behavior on the development of urban tourism with the role of mediator of urban branding. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive of correlation type according to the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Tehran province in 2023, which were divided into north, south, west, east and center regions. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 420 questionnaires were distributed and 403 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.804. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. The findings indicate that internal marketing, urban marketing, city image and environmental citizenship behavior have been effective on urban branding. Also, urban branding has a significant impact on the development of urban tourism. In this research, urban branding has the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism with a score of (8.931) and environmental citizenship behavior has had the least impact on urban branding with a score of (3.570).

Today, the tourism industry is considered as one of the most diverse and largest industries in the world, as it is the main source of foreign exchange income, creating social justice, employment, increasing welfare, cultural growth and a basis for the growth of the private sector and infrastructure development. Economists consider the tourism industry to be the third growing and dynamic economic phenomenon after the oil and automobile industry, Therefore, the development of tourism as a set of economic measures has a great effect on strengthening the foundations of societies, especially from an economic perspective. Today, the growth and promotion of tourism has been widely accepted and placed on the agenda of the government, especially in developing countries. Tourism development provides direct and indirect job opportunities and reduces the government budget deficit. At the same time, it increases the income from taxes for the implementation of economic activities. Tehran province, despite its very rich local, social, cultural, geographical and even economic capabilities, is neglected compared to many provinces of the country, especially the neighboring provinces, and has not been given the attention it should be. The field investigations and also the evidence show that, unfortunately, due to the lack of attention to the tourism industry in Tehran province, the per capita income of this province is almost insignificant. Also, due to the lack of proper management and planning of tourism in Tehran, Tehran is a destination for tourists, which does not bring any special tourism income for the province. This is despite the fact that if the government as well as the Tehran Governorate support tourism in Tehran province in a practical way and with all their power, many problems and problems and even social and economic problems such as unemployment will disappear due to this tourism in the province and Tehran feels a renewed spirit in its body.

The current research is applied based on its purpose and descriptive correlational according to its type, and based on the model, structural equation modeling method should be used. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Tehran province in 2023, which were divided into north, south, west, east and center regions. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 415 questionnaires were distributed and 403 questionnaires were collected. The data collection method of this research was done in the library method and using books and articles, and a questionnaire was also used in the field method.

The demographic characteristics of the sample were reported. Also, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted (AVE), and coefficient of determination were used to measure the model, which are reported in table two.
The average values ​​of the extracted variance of all 7 model constructs are at the optimal level (more than 0.5). The amount of Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability for all the model structures is (more than 0.7), so the questionnaire has a good and acceptable reliability. The value of R2 for the endogenous constructs of the research confirms the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model. The results of the Q2 criterion for the endogenous structure indicate the appropriate predictive power of the model regarding the endogenous constructs of the research and indicate that the fitting model has appropriate and favorable predictive power. The final results of the confirmatory factor analysis are reported in Table 3. Factor loadings greater than 0.5 have good validity.
In graphs 1 and 2, factor loading values ​​and significant coefficients for the questions of each variable are given. In confirmatory factor analysis, the minimum value of acceptable factor loadings is 0.3, the average significance level is 0.4, and the values ​​above 0.5 indicate a high correlation level and strong significance between the factor and observed variables. In the significance coefficients (T values), considering that all the numbers on the paths are higher than 1.96, it indicates the significance of the paths, the appropriateness of the structural model and the confirmation of all research hypotheses. Since the three values ​​of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 are defined as weak, medium and strong values ​​for GOF and on the other hand, the coefficient is in a favorable situation (0.651), so the results show that that the fit of the model in the statistical population of the research is appropriate.

The purpose of this research is to explain the evaluation of internal marketing and environmental citizenship behavior on the development of urban tourism with the mediating role of urban branding. In this research, 5 hypotheses were tested and the results of the hypothesis analysis indicate that internal marketing, urban marketing, city image and environmental citizenship behavior have been effective on urban branding. Also, urban branding has a significant impact on the development of urban tourism. The t test for all hypotheses is greater than 1.96. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the relationship between the variables is significant.

Smartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the smart approach in order to overcome some challenges and sustainable management in different sectors. The city of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, needs planning in line with the development of smart city indicators. Therefore, examining the current situation of this city can help the management and development of this city. In this research, the aim is to investigate the extent to which Shiraz city has smart city indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical community is formed by experts who are knowledgeable about the subject. Based on the snowball method, 96 experts in three areas of this city completed the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha more than 0.74. The result showed that the analysis of the results showed that all smart city indicators including economy, movement, citizen, governance, life and smart environment were significant at a level less than 0.05. Based on the results of the T-Tech test, it was found that the index of smart economy (3.432) and smart citizen (3.149) had an average status and the rest of the indicators were evaluated poorly. Also, based on the results of the Friedman test, the best situation is related to the smart economy index with an average rating of 5.04 and the worst situation is related to the governance index with an average of 1.72. In addition, the results of variance analysis confirmed that there is a significant difference between the regions of Shiraz city in terms of four indicators of movement, governance, life and smart environment at a level of less than 0.05.