نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 170 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1403)

Given the significance of gold nanoparticles and spirulina microalgae in pharmaceuticals, it is essential to explore their impact in diverse areas of biomedicine. This research aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized by the microalgae Spirulina platensis on oxidative stress indices in large Albino laboratory rats fed a high-fat diet.

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis. In the continuation of the experiment, 30 large white laboratory rats were divided into five groups. These included the control group, which was fed standard pellet food, the model group, which was fed a high-fat diet without any treatment, and three other experimental groups. These experimental groups were fed high-fat food containing biosynthesized nanoparticles in two different doses, as well as a group that was fed only with spirulina microalgae.

According to the results, the optimal synthesis occurred at a wavelength of 540 nm and a temperature of 40°C. Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed a spherical shape. This study showed a significant increase in SOD, GPx, and CAT levels in the HFD+Au-Sp (high dose) and HFD+Spirulina groups compared to the model group. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced in both the HFD+The Au-Sp (high dose) and HFD+Spirulina groups compared to the model group.

The results indicate that the extract of Spirulina platensis is a suitable biological source for synthesizing gold nanoparticles, making it an ideal material for medical applications.

Dentin sensitivity after scaling treatment is a common finding. One of the methods to reduce this pain is anti-sensitive toothpaste. Due to the limited access to foreign toothpaste, our aim is to compare the use of two anti-sensitive toothpastes containing potassium nitrate. It is available in the Iranian market (MERIDENT) and the foreign type (PRONAMEL). This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 22 patients (11 people in each group). The toothpaste was coded and the participants were asked to use it for 30 days (2 minutes a day). VAS scale was used to measure sensitivity intensity on the first day, 15 days and 30 days later. To compare background variables between two groups, independent samples t-test or chi-square test, and to compare dependent variables in two groups during time intervals, repeated measures of ANOVA test and paired t-test were used. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 22. In each of the studied groups, the dental sensitivity of the patients decreased significantly compared to the first day. There was no significant difference in the level of tooth sensitivity in response to stimuli during the study period between the two groups, and the responses of both toothpastes were the same in the treatment of dentine sensitivity. According to the results of this study, Iranian MERIDENT toothpaste can be used as a substitute for similar foreign samples.

The pediatric palliative care (PPC) includes active care of the child's body, soul, and mind, as well as family support. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for providing pediatric palliative care based on the point of views of the Irania nurses and the physicians in Iran. The objective of this descriptive analytic study was to develop a model for PPC and to confirm each of the factors presented in the model. Factor analysis was performed using Keizer-Meier (KMO) and Bartlett (BT) tests. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the necessity of providing PPC services. This questionnaire contained 28 questions in three areas or factors (9 items about the children, 12 items related to the family issues, and 7 items related to national health), and the statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 21. The item "Attention to moral concepts in dealing with the family at the family level" had the highest mean score (4.4±0.28). The items "Trying to have a peaceful death in the end stages of life in the child's area" and "Benefiting from equal palliative services at the national level", respectively with average scores of 4.2±0.52 and 4.1±0.4 in the ranks, at the second and third of this necessity. The PPC model was developed based on the results of this questionnaire. According to the result of the questionnaire items used in this study, the palliative care necessity model was developed. It is also concluded that providing PPC in Iran is necessary.

Diabetes has harmful effects on the vascular structure and angiogenesis of various organs, including the hippocampus. In this regard, this study was designed to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions of endurance training (Ex) and Urtica dioica (UD)  plant hydroalcoholic extract on the stereological changes of the hippocampal capillaries of diabetic rats. 35 Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: Healthy control, Diabetes control, Diabetes+Ex, Diabetes+UD, Diabetes+Ex+UD. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The Ex protocol with moderate intensity and daily gavage of UD hydroalcoholic extract was implemented for six weeks. 48-h after the last session, the rats was sacrificed, and then the hippocampal tissue was removed and placed in 10% formalin for hematoxylin-eosin staining. The stereological changes of the hippocampal tissue were investigated in the parameters of the number of vascular sections, length, volume and area of capillaries. Data analysis was done using repeated measures ANOVA tests for blood glucose variable and Kruskal-Wallis test for stereological studies of hippocampal tissue. Diabetes caused a significant decrease in the number of vascular sections, length, volume and area of hippocampal capillaries (P<0.001). Thus, all stereological parameters in the combined group of Ex+UD were better than the groups that implemented only one of the interventions (P<0.05). The changes of Ex and UD groups in stereological parameters of hippocampal tissue after 6 weeks were not significant. The results obtained in  combination effectiveness of Ex and UD on the stereological parameters of the hippocampal tissue of diabetic rats promise to improve the health of the vessels and angiogenesis of the hippocampal tissue by changing the lifestyle of diabetic people.

Stroke and chronic cerebral hypoperfiusion (CCH) is one of the most common problems following ageing. Using the suitable treatment has been one of the issues in treating these complications. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of citicoline on memory and neuronal survival in CCH rats. 40 rats were divided into four groups (n=10) including: 1) Control, Rats that received vehicle after sham surgery 2) Citicoline: Rats that received citicoline after sham surgery 3) Hypoperfusion: which underwent CCH surgery and received vehicle and 4) Hypoperfusion+Citicoline group, which underwent CCH surgery and then received citicoline.for 10 days  (100 mg/kg). Morris water maze (MWM) and Nissl staining were used to evaluate spatial memory and hippocampal neuronal density in rats, respectively. For data analyzing, two-way ANOVA (for trial test of MWM) and one-way ANOVA (for the other data) were used. The results of the Morris water maze test showed that citicoline treatment increases the time spent in the target zone in hypoperfused rats (P<0.05). Histological studies (Nissl staining) showed that treatment with citicoline increases the number of hippocampal neurons in the CA1 region in CCH rats (P<0.05). Citicoline treatment improves spatial memory and hippocampal neurodegeneration in CCH rats.

The function and quality of mitochondria is very important for human life. Many pathways are involved in mitochondrial quality regulation such as mitophagy. Exercise as a physical stress can affect mitophagy; Therefore, the aim of this research was the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the amount of mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins (FUNDC1 and NIX) in soleus muscle of male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 12 Wistar rats with an average weight of 280±30 were randomly divided into two groups:1.Control group, 2.HIIT (6 rats per group). The rats in the HIIT group were trained for 8 weeks, with five sessions per week, and each session consisted of 10 high-intensity intervals for 3 minutes with 2-minute rest intervals. Skeletal muscle tissue was harvested from the animals 48 hours after the last training session. The contents of the variables were measured by western blotting. Data were analysed through independent t-test in SPSS version 27 and GraphPad Prism version 10.2 software. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.

The intracellular content of FUNDC1 protein showed a significant decrease in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P=0.0001); But this difference in NIX protein content was not significant (P=0.69).

The cellular regulation of these factors can mean the optimal regulation of mitophagy through exercise training such as HIIT. To clarify the effectiveness of training exercises, more studies are needed in this field.

The effect of single session of CrossFit exercise on blood lipid profile is not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the single session of CrossFit exercise on the blood lipid profile of professional male athletes with consideration of blood plasma volume changes.

In this Causal-comparative study, 32 male athletes were selected as subjects (with mean of age 26.9±4.7 year, Height 177±5 cm, Weight 80.7±6.4 kg). Exercise session was consisting of 400 meters running on treadmill, triple dead lift, pull-up (30 repetition), swing of kettlebell (30 kg) and throwing of 20 sand balls. Blood sampling, CBC and biochemistry auto analyzer tests were used for measuring of plasma volume, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein / High density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) and Total Cholesterol / High Density Lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratios. In addition, ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to examine the differences between variables in resting position, post exercise and after correction for the volume of plasma lost with using of SPSS version 25 software.

The results showed significant increase in lactic acid (P<0.001), TC (P<0.001), TG (P=0.006), LDL (P=0.001) HDL (P<0.001), LDL/HDL (P=0.005), TC/HDL(P<0.001). Also the results of study showed significant decrease in plasma volume (P<0.001). In addition, the significant results of some indices were removed by consideration of plasma volume change (P>0.05).

The single session of crossfit exercise is accompanied by an increment in blood lipid profile and the main reason is the decrease in blood plasma volume.