پژوهش نامه فرهنگ و رسانه (نامه فرهنگ و ارتباطات)
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، بهار و تابستان 1402)

The role of human capital in the development of the country is especially emphasized because the engine of the development of every country is the trained human force. Education is always considered one of the main pillars of providing human resources of a country. Therefore, governments pay extra attention to optimizing the structure and content of education and research. Non-government schools, along with public schools of each country, play a significant role in improving education services. In this research, an attempt has been made to quantify the general characteristics of non-government schools in selected countries. The purpose of conducting such a study is that education is seen as a national investment and this is an impetus for policy making in the direction of creating non-government schools that have high educational and educational productivity. This research is of a qualitative type, and documentary and library methods were used to conduct it. First, the concept of a non-government school has been investigated, then the approaches to the creation of non-government schools have been analyzed. The findings of the research show that non-government schools in different countries have fundamentally different meanings and the distinguishing components of non-government schools in the selected countries of the world have five major bases: 1. Manpower 2. School structure 3. Limits of powers 4. Degree of restrictions 5. Special factors.

Commercialization is an important part of the development process in the production and distribution of cultural industries and is one of the requirements for successful entry into the consumer market. The requirement for the realization of this is to create suitable platforms that, while providing economic value, preserve and expand cultural values inside and outside the borders of the country. Cultural industries carry the ideas, symbols and lifestyle of the people of the society and have different roles of informing, entertaining, creating identity and influencing the cultural experiences of the people of the society. In this research, in addition to presenting the concepts of commercialization of cultural industries, in order to balance between commercial ability and maintaining the value of cultural products in the commercialization of cultural industries, expert opinions have been obtained. The participants of the qualitative section included 10 experts in the field of creative and cultural industries, who used the semi-structured interview method to collect data and thematic analysis method to analyze the data in the qualitative section. The statistical community of the quantitative part includes 40 experts in the field of commercialization of creative and cultural industries, and the method of confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the significance of the indicators and factor load. The results show that training in legal and financial laws, training in setting contracts, government policies and providing conditions for investment are the most important factors in the commercialization of cultural industries. Also, there is a high correlation between legal and political, cultural-social and economic factors in the commercialization of cultural industries.

In recent years, where Syria is one of the most important countries targeted by Iran's foreign policy, the importance of cultural diplomacy has become increasingly apparent. The present study emphasizes the need to recognize the active cultural trends in Syria as an influential factor in the cultural changes and developments of the target community, thus providing a close examination of the challenges and opportunities of diplomacy through the relative recognition gained from the culture of the Syrian society. The country has a cultural background. The main question that this research seeks to answer is: What are the opportunities and challenges of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on active cultural trends in the country? The research method is qualitative. The data collected through interviews with the experts, specialists and activists in this field were analyzed by thematic analysis in three stages of descriptive, interpretive and integration coding. From 293 primary themes, 30 organizing themes and finally 6 universal themes were extracted. The overarching themes are: the cultural activity of Syrian currents, the active cultural trends in Syria, cultural approaches, the IRI's political needs in the Syrian cultural sphere, the IRI's political challenges in the Syrian cultural sphere, the cultural status of Syrian society. Finally, after categorizing the different challenges and opportunities of Iranian cultural diplomacy in Syria as regards the cultural flows of the country, a communication model is provided for each of them that determines how cultural planning is to have an effective cultural diplomacy.

Games, rituals and local organizations play an important role in the intangible cultural heritage of our land. The fusion of polo game with other cultural dimensions such as; Myths, history, literature, architecture, etc. have caused this game to be treated as an undeniable value, so Iranians are obliged to guard it. In this study, an attempt is made to reveal the cultural dimensions of polo. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural dimensions of the polo game. This research is based on the objective, applied, and from the point of view of data collection, it is documentary, and in terms of the data analysis method, it is a descriptive research. Mythological, historical, literary, architectural and... polo values are mixed. Therefore, addressing these values is very important. Mythology, history, literature, architecture, painting and miniature as one of the known forms of communication in Iran's cultural field can be considered as the main symbols of cultural values. Paying attention to the polo game in order to maintain and preserve its values, causes national solidarity and ultimately strengthens the national spirit and national identity. Therefore, all cultural activists are obliged to protect the cultural and communication heritage left by their ancestors.

Twitter is one of the social networking media that allows everyone to interact widely in the global arena. Twitter is also of special importance in Iranian public opinion and is considered as an elite media and on the other hand in the field of social, political and cultural activists is the focus of most young people in Iran and the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of Twitter activists and its role on the decrease or increase of participation in political protests among the youth of Tehran in the November 1398 protests following the announcement of an increase in gasoline prices. The type of research is descriptive survey and the statistical population of the study was all Twitter users in Tehran who were selected by sampling method and the research tool included a questionnaire. The findings of the study indicate a positive relationship between the use of Twitter and the political activism of Tehran youth in political protests in the protest event. Due to the growth of Twitter users in Iran, the need for proper training and exploitation and support for domestic media content producers in the face of rumors and media espionage and the development of dialogue in such a comprehensive and effective social media in the country can To be useful and effective in preventing or controlling protests and political and social crises such as the protests of November 2019 in Tehran.

Paying attention to the duality of the concept of faith has a brief indication of the difference in the Prophet's communication with each of the levels of believers. For this purpose, the present study seeks to analyze the communication between the Prophet and the weak believers. Those with weak faith are believers who have escaped from war, who are companions of hypocrites and infidels, who have ignorant visions, etc., who are about to lose their faith and become disbelievers. The current research collected the data available in Al-Mizan's interpretation about the Prophet's communication with weak believers. This compilation was done in a comparative way and based on Mohsenian Rad's "source of meaning" model. After collecting, the collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis method, and from that analysis, 5 inclusive codes were found: "The source of the meaning of the Prophet", "The source of the meaning of weak faiths", "The content of the message of the Prophet", "The content of the message of weak faiths", "Immaterial context" And "interference" was extracted. The findings of the research showed that the Prophet sought to influence with his vision and special tendency. For this purpose, it has tried to prevent jamming. He has communicated with the weak-believers with different verbal and non-verbal contents, such as: "remembering God's help, certainty of the end, not changing the end by fleeing the war in response to the weak-believers fleeing from the war and giving them an excuse to fight jihad", "no permission" To get booty and reminder of the smallness of life in this world in response to the worldliness of weak believers" and...