Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume:26 Issue: 2, Mar-Apr 2024

This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis focusing on recent developments in psychology about physical activity and exercise during early life. 

Excel, VOSviewer, and the bibliometric R-package tools were used to examine and assess pertinent records from the Web of Science (WOS) database between 2010 and 2023, following a dependable search approach. 

We obtained 31,618 scientific records from the Web of Science database. These records were retrieved using specific keywords and covered and analyzed for their content. The most popular topics in this research area included Children, Physical activity, Adolescents, Health, Quality of life, Exercise, Depression, and Stress. The research also revealed that the journals "Frontiers in Psychology" and "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health" were the most active in this field. Developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands were the most productive regarding research output. Additionally, the study identified Serge Brand as the most active author. 

The intersection of early life psychology and physical activity and exercise remains an area of active research interest. This study indicates that researchers in developed countries produce the most literature on this topic. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that a considerable portion of the global population, particularly in developing countries, needs to be adequately represented in the research on early life psychology related to exercise and physical activity.

This study investigated the role of family communication patterns and birth order in the identity state of adolescents. 

The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included 9th grade female students in Hamadan-Iran in the academic year of 2017-2018. Ninety students were selected through the convenient sampling method. The research tools were the Ritchie and Fitzpatrick Family Communication Pattern Questionnaire and the Bennion and Adams Identity Status Questionnaire. We analyzed the data using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. 

The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between conversation pattern and achievement identity and a negative relationship with diffusion, foreclosure, and moratorium identities (P< 0.05). The conformity pattern has a positive and significant relationship with foreclosure and diffusion identities (P< 0.05). The birth order also had a positive and significant relationship with moratorium identity (P< 0.05), and the conformity pattern has a positive and significant role in predicting diffusion (P< 0.01) and foreclosure identity (P< 0.05). The birth order only has a significant role in predicting moratorium identity (P< 0.01). 

It seems that family communication patterns and birth order can predict adolescent identity states.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit a kind of negligence in performing their daily tasks and activities, which also affects the maintenance of oral health. Due to the low quality of life in these children, it is doubtful that the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) will be affected compared to healthy children. 

In this study, 106 untreated ADHD children referred to the clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan City, Iran, in 2018-2019 were selected through the convenient sampling method. Data were gathered using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) and Clinical Examination Questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS-18, descriptive statistics indexes, the Mann-Whitney test, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the Spearman correlation test. 

The most common self-expression problem of ADHD children was decay (88.6%), followed by pain, erupting, and tooth sensitivity, respectively. The OHRQoL score of these children was 12.79, which OIDP obtained. The index and the decay score of these children were 6.62, obtained by the Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index—the correlation between total DMFT and OIDP. The index score was positive and significant (r= 0.256, P= 0.008). A significant inverse correlation existed between the total DMFT score and parents' education level (r= -0.271, P= 0.005) and (r= -0.283, P= 0.003), respectively. 

There is a significant relationship between oral health and tooth decay index. Better oral health and decay, missing, and filled teeth index are associated with a higher quality of life.

This research aimed to predict psychological well-being based on fundamental values and self-transcendence by meditating on the attitude to time. 

In this descriptive correlation study, 372 students of Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamadan-Iran in the 2018-2019 academic year were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments included scales of satisfaction with life, attitude to time, self-transcendence, and fundamental values. We analyzed the data aiding structural equation modeling, SPSS-25, and LISREL software. 

The findings presented that the proposed model fits the data well (GFI= 0.92, IFI= 0.93, CFI= 0.93). Also, the effect of self-transcendence and fundamental values on past positive, present positive, and future positive, and the effect of past positive, present positive, and future positive on life satisfaction are significant (P< 0.05). In addition, the past positive (Z= 2.92, P< 0.01), present positive (Z= 8.44, P< 0.01), and future positive variables (Z= 5.73, P< 0.01) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-transcendence and life satisfaction. Also, past positive (Z= 3.04, P< 0.01), present positive (Z= 8.75, P< 0.01), and future positive (Z= 6.18, P< 0.01) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between fundamental values and life satisfaction. 

The results show that when people act based on fundamental values in life, their personal boundaries in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, transpersonal, and temporal domains expand and go beyond their level. This makes their attitude to the past, present, and future more positive; their life satisfaction and psychological well-being increase.

The current research aimed to determine the dominant draft scenario of the life of women with bipolar I disorder. 

This qualitative research was a phenomenological study, and we collected the data using Colaizzi's method. We interviewed 21 female patients with bipolar I disorder admitted to the neuropsychiatric department of three hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2020, and the life scenarios of the subjects were investigated. The triangulation method was used to obtain the validity and reliability of the research findings. 

The scenarios were categorized into high, medium, and low repetition. The most frequent codes included suicide (26 repetitions) with the subcategories of suicidal thoughts, despair of life, and feeling close to death. Codes with moderate repetition included negative emotions (18 repetitions) with the subcategories of feeling like others are strangers to you, feeling rejected, uninterested in life, liking dark colors, and feeling empty. The less frequent codes included negative actions (11 repetitions) with the subcategories of self-sacrifice, suppression of hearing from others, sexual abuse, self-mutilation, running away from home, substance use, and difficulty in life. 

The findings showed that the dominant scenario in women with bipolar disorder, based on high frequency, was the "do not exist" scenario.

For many people, death anxiety brings a lot of fear and panic, and it is very important to investigate the factors influencing its formation and continuation. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of obsessive beliefs in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and death anxiety in adulthood.
 

The present study employed a descriptive-correlational design and structural equation modeling. The statistical population comprised Iranian adults residing in Mashhad, Iran in 2022, of whom 340 individuals were selected as the research sample through convenient sampling. Data were collected online using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44). The data were analyzed utilizing the Pearson correlation method and structural equation analysis through SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24.
 

The results revealed a significant correlation (P< 0.01) between traumatic childhood experiences and obsessive beliefs, indicating a noteworthy association with death anxiety. The results of structural equation modeling also demonstrated a satisfactory fit for the model in this study. Furthermore, the mediating role of obsessive beliefs in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and death anxiety was found to be significant, with a χ2/df≤ 3 and a significance level of 0.001.
 

According to the findings, traumatic childhood experiences can predict and affect death anxiety through interaction with obsessive beliefs.

Regarding the prevalence of depression and the necessity of effective treatments, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on rumination, cognitive avoidance, and emotional regulation in depressed people.
 

The statistical population of this research consists of all the people who were referred to the psychology and counseling clinic of Mashhad University in 2021 and were diagnosed with depression through a clinical interview. The cases were selected using the convenient sampling method. They were randomly assigned into two mindfulness treatment and control groups. Research tools included Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ), and Structured Clinical Interviews for Mental Disorders (SCID-5CV). The data were analyzed by aiding descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and covariance analysis.
 

The findings reveal a significant difference in the mean scores of rumination (P< 0.001), emotional regulation (P< 0.001), and cognitive avoidance (P< 0.001) between the experimental and control groups; this means that therapeutic intervention reduces the intensity of cognitive avoidance, emotionally dysregulation, and rumination in depressed people.
 

Based on the results, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used to treat depression by reducing rumination and cognitive avoidance and improving emotional regulation.

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) compared to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the patients' quality of life with chronic back pain.
 

The statistical population consisted of all patients with chronic back pain referred to the pain clinic of Akhtar Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Thirty patients were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of CBT and ACT. Due to the drop in the sample, finally, ten patients remained in each group. The Personal Well-being Index-Adults (PWI-A) to assess the quality of life was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests.
 

The findings showed that both interventions increased quality of life, while the difference between the two interventions was not significant (Z= -1.32, P> 0.05). Although according to Z-scores (-1.84 versus -1.17), ACT was more effective than CBT.
 

Based on the findings, both acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy improve well-being and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.