اندیش نامه شهر
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار و تابستان 1402)

The concept of dwelling is complex and dynamic. Therefore, the existing theories and views on the concept of dwelling, often presented in formal housing conditions and structures, do not have the necessary effect in other settlements. Based on the subjective and interactive nature of the concept of dwelling, its experience and perception among different residents can be different from conventional and universal theoretical perspectives in the field of dwelling, which are often expressed in the context of formal housing. Therefore, given the expansion of informal settlements and the importance of studying them accurately, as a basis for any action, can be contemplative. The purpose of this study is to understand dwelling’s perception and experience of dwelling and how to conceptualize and conceptualize it in the context of informal settlements and its related concepts by investigating the case study of Mortezagerd. Because any action in the field of informal settlements requires not only an understanding of the physical aspects of the settlement, it also requires conditions that are not purely objective and require its discovery to understand the meaning of dwelling from the perspective of its inhabitants. This research falls under the paradigm of interpretivism, and from the cognitive point of view, it emphasizes the researcher's interaction with the research subject and the least objective separateness with the research participants. This study uses manifest inductive qualitative content analysis as a research method to interpret contextual data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations.

Semi-structured interviews are among the most important components and tools of data collection in qualitative research. With the help of this tool, it is possible to communicate directly with the interviewee; and it is also possible to evaluate the perceptions, attitudes, interests and aspirations of the subjects more deeply. This article was written with the aim of acquainting researchers with the method of refinement the interview protocol, and also one of the other purposes of this article is to cover more research tools in interview-based research. In this paper, the interview interview refining method (IPR) is used to formulate the semi-structured interview protocol and its questions. This method consists of four steps, each of which includes the following methods. Stages and sub-methods of this method in the form of 1- Adaptation of interview questions to research questions (interview protocol matrix) 2- Making research-based dialogue (table of types of questions) 3- Receiving feedback (checklist) 4- Experimental implementation Interview protocol (field method). Information obtained from the implementation of each step of the interview refining method, including changes in each step in the statistical community in proportion to the third step (5 specific to the research topic), the fourth stage (5 members of the statistical community) In order to compile a good interview protocol, it is necessary to continuously review the set of structural and content criteria at the time of compiling the interview protocol with a four-step method of refining the interview protocol so that the interview is highly valid.

the results of this study showed that poor Individuals suffer from various constraints that therefore aim to identify areas of poverty in the city of tuyserkan and for this purpose all indices extracted from statistical blocks have been used.the results of the integration of the indicators showed that there were very poor zones in central districts of the city in 1390, but in the last year it has formed a cluster in the north, north - west and around the central region. Overall, in 2011, the city of tuyserkan has a very poor, poor, affluent, affluent, affluent area of the city centre, but has been disrupted by the past five years. According to findings of the poverty zone in 1390, it covers about 37/6% percent of the area and 40/47% percent of the population, with an increase in 1395 per year to 54/58% percent, and 68/32% percent of the population. On the other hand, the field of wellbeing is estimated at about 28/75% of the area and 20/98% of the population in 1390, which has decreased to 20/15% per cent and 10/57% per cent in 1395 per year. The Moran's index also showed that spatial autocorrelation was more than 90 in the year 95 and the final pattern of poverty in the city of tuyserkan was in both cluster periods. On the whole, it can be said that the direction and direction of the town of tuyserkan is greater in order to be poor.

The metropolis of Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Lack of proper response of urban development plans in Iran to environmental needs, explains the need to change attitudes in urban planning based on the principles of environmental planning and environmental ethics. Therefore, the application of relevant considerations in urban plans and identifying their attitudes in other parts of the world in order to expand its application in Iran, is inevitable. In this study, which is evaluated in terms of purpose of research methods and in terms of analytical-comparative method based on document analysis, while examining the content structure of urban development plans in Sydney, Stockholm and London; The relevant considerations in the Tehran Master Plan have been evaluated. Surveys show; Tehran strategic-structural plan while paying general attention to some environmental considerations such as environmental protection; Urban infrastructure; Urban transportation system; Improving the quality of the environment and the issue of water, etc. Also, but the spirit that governs it, has a physical procedure and approach. Compared to urban development documents in Western societies; Approaches to achieving the main goals of environmental planning through sustainable housing, sustainable transportation, intelligent energy management, greenhouse gas reduction, climate change have been addressed. Emphasis on environmental ethics issues, including attention to ecological cycles and integration of ecosystem services; Giving inherent value to nature, the importance of biodiversity and ecological cycles are among the strengths of this plan, in contrast to these considerations have been neglected in the Tehran plan.

In recent years, developing free zones has become as one of the development tools in regional planning. the objectives of the establishment of free zones" carrying out infrastructure, civil and economic development "," economic growth and development "," investment and increase public revenue "," creation of healthy employment and It has been the productive "active presence in global and regional markets", the "production and export of industrial and convertible goods" and the "provision of public services" that they have not achieved some objectives. In this regard, it seems that analyzing each zone in order to solve the current problems, is necessary. So the objective of this research is analyzing the objectives realization of building free zones and also their impacts on urban growth intensity in three Iranian zones: Arvand, Qeshm and Maku. The method of this research is descriptive – analytical based on documental studies. Quantitative methods in SPSS software specially measuring correlation are used in analysis. The results show that succeed in achieving the goals of building these zones is relative but there is a positive correlation between increasing urban growth and increasing investment, decreasing imports, appropriate distribution of jobs and increasing financial resources. The negative correlation of export growth factors with urban growth is also due to increased export of goods (industrial or agricultural, ...) and not services in these areas, the establishment and growth of activities outside urban areas Overall, urban development in free zones has led to improved quality of life and employment in their cities

Urban planning, as a professional activity, is ethically complex. and all its aspects, from theoretical thoughts to professional activities, are related to ethical issues. This relationship is so strong that for thinking clearly and comprehensively about planning one should develop some understanding of how key ideas in ethics relate to planning and their integration with this profession. One way of integrating ethical ideas with the planning profession is to integrate it with the professional codes. This research aims to present a clear image of the relationship between the philosophy of ethics and the planning profession, in particular the codes of professional ethics, and examines the position of these ethical theories in these codes. The results of the synthesis of qualitative studies and the examination of the relationship between the principles extracted from these studies and the principles found in the ethical codes of Iran, the United States and Canada show that the American ethical codes are most closely related to ethical theories and various ethical ideas have been involved in the formulation of the content of these codes, from classical theories to more recent t, from teleological theories to deontological Theories and virtue ethics. In Canada's codes of professional ethics, almost all ethical theories examined in qualitative research can be traced, especially environmental ethics and its different approaches. Ethical codes related to planning in Iran have a limited relationship with normative theories, and the relevant ones are related to more classical ethical theories such as Kant's and Ross's theories.