نشریه مدیریت توسعه و تحول
پیاپی 55 (زمستان 1402)

According to the importance of human productivity for government organizations and the important role of human risk on productivity, this research aims to design a mathematical model in the field of human risk assessment by emphasis on improve productivity. For this purpose we have used the mixed approach. In the qualitative part the open innovation researchers were interviwed. . Qualitative data were analyzed by theme analyze.The results of this part led to identifying dimentions, components, and indicators of human risks and the designing of qualitative model. Then according to the theme analyze, quantitative questionnaire were developed. Quantitative data were prepared and distributed to 353 employees of west and east Azarbayjans Tax and Finance office. The analyze of quantitative data and the quantitative model was developed by hierarchical fuzzy expert system. The results show that dimentions and components of human risk has negative effects on human productivity and can weak the organization. . So recognizing types of human risk and finding the ways of decreasing them can improve human productivity and action of organizations.

This research aims to explore the impact of touch concepts and tactile descriptive adjectives on customers' purchase intentions in both physical and online shopping environments. While some products can be accurately perceived through digital media, others may require a tactile experience. In today's market, products are available through virtual and physical stores, where the sense of touch or tactile alternatives plays a crucial role. The study utilized a correlational method and focused on customers of online and physical stores in Tehran. A total of 332 participants were randomly selected from both populations, and data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that six key factors related to touch concepts, such as product understanding, physical touch, virtual touch, touch experiences, customer's need for touch, and tactile perceptions, positively and significantly influence customers' purchase intentions. A comparison of the coefficients between the two groups revealed that product understanding and touch experiences were similar, while physical touch and customer's need for touch were more pronounced in physical store customers, and virtual touch and tactile perceptions were more prominent in online customers. This study sheds light on the importance of product touch in both online and physical retail settings for enhancing customer satisfaction.

Recently, the supply chain of perishable goods, have been considered due to their impact on human life. On the other hand, in the packaging industry, considering paper as a primary and perishable material due to the nature of water absorption, severe rotting in front of sunlight, flammability and turning to ash and finally affecting the final quality of the product produced from this issue. It is not excluded, it has attracted more attention. The high level of speed of changes and ambiguity in decisions has made it impossible to predict the future conditions of supply chains. Therefore, the design and use of a mathematical model for the design of the closed-loop supply chain network, taking into account the optimal pricing of products, the return rate and demand, along with taking into account the wastage of materials in the system, is strongly needed. At first, the supply chain of the paper-cardboard industry was designed and modeled with mixed integer programming, then due to the high volume of calculations and data of the problem, we can't receive exact solution approaches, the innovative approach of searching for harmony was used for the solution. . The problem is a single-objective model that minimizes system costs by considering environmental considerations. The present research shows that the price increase has a positive effect on the product return rate and reducing the level of product corruption. Finally, to validate the model, the numerical solution of a closed loop network has been done in this industry.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank the components of human resource retention in knowledge-based organizations based on Shannon entropy technique. Applied research method is used and statistical population are 14 experts. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 83 components based on theoretical literature, two rounds of Delphi survey and obtaining experts' opinions. Content validity was used to test the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was 97.9% using Cronbach's alpha. The results of Shannon entropy technique show that the components of "selecting top managers from among the elite", "smart behavior", "precise recruitment process", "knowledge work", "easy traffic", "creating consensus among the company's knowledge forces in Knowledge-based organizations to transfer experiences", "Persistent and eager to promote individual competencies in line with job responsibilities", "Implement motivational plans to motivate employees", "Establish management stability in knowledge-based organizations" and "Provide Opportunity for group research" are the most important components of human resource maintenance in knowledge-based organizations.With respect to the ranking, it is necessary for the managers to target the retention of human resources in knowledge-based organizations according to the specified priorities & the obtained ranks.

Usually, the strategies established by institutions affect the company's performance, so less attention is paid to systems such as taxation, incentive strategies, maintaining business ownership, and their mentality towards sustainable and continuous growth of startups. This article aims to design a model of entrepreneurial financing strategies. The research method applied has a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) of an exploratory type. In the quantitative part of the research, the data collected through a questionnaire designed based on the identification indicators of the entrepreneurial financing strategies model and distributed among the studied community were quantitatively analyzed statistically. For statistical analysis, the structural equation method and SPSS and SMART-PL software were used. In the qualitative section, after reviewing and analyzing the content of all interviews, the proposed model of entrepreneurial financing strategies for knowledge-based companies in Iran includes eight main components, including contextual factors related to potential sources of financing, legal and upstream factors, communication factors, international, regional factors, and sanctions, entrepreneur's characteristics, innovation, business-related factors and, management factors.

Today the system of administrative health is one of the goals and programs of organizations' development, and finding the original causes of anti administrative health behaviors and finding organizational programs to reduce these behaviors are strategic priorities of healthy organizations, and ofcourse the education system is not exception. Thus, the purpose of this study is to design and test a model for ethical antecedents affecting on reducing administrative anti health behavior in education system. This study is applied in terms of purpose and de;scriptive nature of survey. The statistical population of study is 502 staff and managers of Qazvin educational department. After using clustered sampling technique and G power software 218 people were selected. In this study, the structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and data analysis was carried out with the structural equation modeling approach based on Smart PLS software. Research findings show that ethical antecedents, including ethical leadership, ethical culture, and ethical climate, have a positive effect on reducing the amount of anti -administrative health behaviors; In addition, ethical leadership, ethical culture, and ethical climate are effective in increasing employee behavioral engagement. Employees' behavioral engagement also has a significant positive effect on reducing the amount of administrative anti -health behaviors in education system. The findings of this study are useful for developing administrative health in educational environments; Because the results show that 62% of the decrease in administrative anti -health behaviors can be covered by the variables studied in the research model.

Multifunctional platforms with a social manufacturingapproach are emerging phenomena with less known business models. Given the valuable human resources and cultural capacities of Iran, there is a suitable opportunity for utilizing the multi-functional platform business model with a social manufacturingapproach for producing cultural products. The aim of this research is to identify and rank the dimensions and factors of these platform business models. Through in-depth interviews with 14 experts in this field and thematic analysis using MAXQDA software, data analysis was conducted in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. After screening the results, 50 factors were identified in 10 dimensions using the fuzzy Delphi method. The impact and influence of these factors were determined using the fuzzy DEMATEL method, and ultimately, the factors and dimensions were ranked. The identified factors and dimensions assist stakeholders in the cultural product production field to better configure their current or future platforms, as well as helping investors make more informed decisions regarding this business model.

The purpose of this research is to develop the strategies of small and medium businesses (SMEs) through redesigning the value creation network (business ecosystem model) with a dynamic business modeling approach. The current research community was formed by professors and experts in the field of small and medium businesses active in the food industry of Tehran. In this research, the opinions of 15 experts were used using a non-random judgment method. The process of data analysis was done in three stages. Identifying the components of the business model through interviews and using the analysis method; Determining the weight of the factors and the cause-and-effect relationships of the model components, through the questionnaire tool; Representation of the feedback process of the system behavior based on an interconnected network of feedback loops in the form of flow state diagram using system dynamics modeling. Based on this, in the phase of identifying the dimensions and components using theme analysis and during the familiarization phase with the data, the identified speech evidences (86 cases) from the text of the interviews were labeled in the form of 22 primary codes. Then, the initial codes were categorized into nine sub-themes and finally, one main theme. Finally, after modeling using the system dynamics (SD) method, the value creation network was drawn in the form of a flow diagram.

This article examines the relationship between investment opportunities and the message of future stock profitability.

In order to investigate the subject and test the research hypotheses, linear regression models and 1500 data of company-year observations in the time return of 2007 to 1399 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been used.

The results show that managers of companies with poor investment opportunities, instead of holding cash, distribute profits among investors. They invest positive value and distribute more dividends to shareholders next year to avoid the unintended consequences of reducing dividends. Also, changes in dividends in companies with strong and weak investment opportunities make it possible to predict changes in companies' future profits in the coming years, but the previous power is not significant.

The findings of this study show that changes in dividends contain information about the amount of investment opportunities facing the company.

Digital technology forms structural pillars for academic entrepreneurship. Digital technology speeds up changes and changes organizations culturally, socially, and structurally. Based on this, the present research has been conducted with the aim of developing the ecosystem of academic entrepreneurship based on digital technology. This research was done with qualitative method and meta-composite approach and using content analysis of documents. For this purpose, related internal and external documents consisting of 118 documents were identified and finally 45 final documents were analyzed. Based on the three-stage coding and content analysis of the documents, the development model of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem based on digital technology was identified. Based on the research findings, the development of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem based on digital technology including (actors, processes, relationships and interactions and the way of functioning) were determined. In this regard, the key players in the development of the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem based on digital technology include "government, industry, universities and growth centers and science and technology parks". Digital processes also include "digital infrastructure, digital products, digital services and digital market". In this way, interrelated relationships and interactions also include "individual, cultural, social, organizational and managerial interactions". The functioning of the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem based on digital technology including "technological approach, knowledge approach and operational approach" has been determined.

By applying the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, it seems that changes in the concentrations of pollutants CO, O3, NO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10 and AQI can be seen in the periods before and after the epidemic. Therefore, the changes of air pollutants and traffic restrictions are investigated as one of the sub-categories of environmental indicators of sustainable urban development in the period of 2018/01/21 to 2022/03/20 in the stations under the supervision of Tehran city. First, the data is collected, processed and cleaned. Machine learning methods including decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, Bayesian network and perceptron neural network are applied to select the effective features using the particle swarm optimization method. Investigations showed that the prediction model using decision tree and random forest had the best performance for both precision and recall criteria. The results of the research showed that the concentration of pollutants in the period of Covid-19 compared to before, is increased in some stations and decreased in others, and also the application of traffic restrictions during the epidemic did not have a significant and noticeable effect in reducing the concentration of air pollutants. Also, by examining the trend of deaths during the epidemic period, it was found that the decrease or increase of pollutants has no significant relationship with the trend of deaths caused by Covid-19.

Digital entrepreneurship is an entrepreneurial approach that is suitable for the digital age and has become a dominant discourse in the field of entrepreneurship due to its increasing speed. Given the richness of studies and research background on digital entrepreneurship, the use of scientific methods and co-occurrence analysis can provide a comprehensive and pervasive picture of this field. Therefore, this study aims to draw a co-occurrence map of digital entrepreneurship. This applied research uses a scientific approach and analyzes data using co-occurrence analysis. The data was collected from the Science Direct database from 2015 to the end of 2022, and VOSviewer software was used to draw the co-occurrence map. In total, 19 keywords, 4 clusters, and 68 links with a strength of 152 were identified. The concepts of digital entrepreneurship, knowledge management, big data, business intelligence, strategic management, organizational learning, social networks, competitive advantage, and optimization are the most common words in this field. Therefore, art universities can provide a platform for digital entrepreneurship through a strategic approach using big data analysis and activities on social networks. Knowledge management plays a fundamental role in this regard and can guarantee the competitive advantage of universities through digital entrepreneurship