نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 100، پاییز 1402)

Minimizing the use of fossil fuels and replacing them with non-renewable energies can play an essential role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Considering Iran's potential for using solar energy, passive solar systems can be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector. The outer skin of the building determines the energy exchange between the outside and inside environments and governs energy consumption. Therefore, in this research, the potential of using a double-skin facade to reduce energy consumption for office use in a hot and dry climate (Yazd) has been discussed. Also, by changing the geometry and material of the double-skin facade, an optimal model of the double-skin facade for the office spaces of Yazd City will be presented, which will reduce the cooling and heating loads of the building. For this purpose, simulation has been used in the Design Builder software. The presented model reduces the total load of cooling and heating by 68% compared to the case without a double skin-facade. If photovoltaic panels are used on the south front of the double-skin facade (according to the geometry provided) as shading, the total cooling and heating load is reduced by 61%, and 2.77 times the heating and cooling load energy is produced. Photovoltaic panels work best at an angle 10–15 degrees higher than latitude.

Due to the increase in environmental pollutants, the damage to the ozone layer and the reduction of fossil fuel resources, the need to use renewable energy has increased. On the other hand, in many remote areas, it is not possible to provide electricity power or it will be very expensive. Therefore, due to the existence of favorable conditions for the use of renewable energies in many regions, promoting the use of these technologies in these regions can reduce fuel consumption and environmental pollutants, It also facilitates the provision of energy to many remote areas. In this research, the conditions for the use of wind and solar renewable energy in Jirande city of Gilan province have been investigated. The parameters of sunny hours, clearness index, possible of sunny hours, wind speed and wind power in the study area are evaluated and finally a plan for the use of these renewable energies for remote areas in this region is given. According to the surveys, the average monthly amount of daily sunny hours is estimated to be at least 6 hours during the day. The clearness index is also above 0.55 in most days of the year. Meanwhile, the possibility of sunny hours is also calculated as acceptable. By examining the data related to wind speed and power, the possibility of using this energy in 88% of the days of the year has been estimated

Every year various types of agricultural plants are cultivated for the purpose of human nutrition, industrial applications and also livestock feed in the world. Unfortunately, a huge amount of these plants is converted to waste mostly due to sub-standard harvesting and planting, incorrect pests and processing. In this investigation, the potential of waste generated from date in Khuzestan province as an agricultural hub of Iran has been discussed. Almost 10 to 15% of the produced date in the word is turned into waste, mostly depending on the cultivated area, which has a great potential for the production of biofuels. Based on the results obtained in this study, annual potential of Khuzestan Province is about 313 thousand tons of date leaves and 49 thousand tons date seeds, of which about 31 million liters of bioethanol can be produced from palm leaf waste and around about 5 thousand tons of biodiesel could be obtained. Results indicated that the province's production potential from date fruit waste was 0.26 million liters of biobutanol, 1.01 million liters of bioethanol, 1.71 million cubic meters of biogas and 0.71 million cubic meters of biohydrogen. The results for biofuel generated from date waste show promising alternatives fuel additives which could have a positive impact on the environment due to reduction in pollution mostly generated from using fissile based fuel in the province.

In this paper, in order to intelligently manage the demand for smart home electrical networks, it includes electrical loads such as refrigerators, air conditioning systems, washing machines, dishwashers, electric ovens, and PHEV that can be charged and discharged by connecting to the city electricity. In this research, the DE algorithm has been used in order to intelligently optimize household load management with the presence of renewable elements and controllable loads. Also, wind and solar power generation sources have been considered, and the uncertainty related to power generation by their annual power generation regime has also been considered. The proposed goal is to reduce electricity costs and also improve the voltage profile of household loads. The load profile considered in this article is real and without averaging, which is adapted from authentic articles. The simulation was implemented by MATLAB software and the results were compared with the basic state in order to validate the results.

In this research, we deal with the detailed simulation of CIGS solar cells using band-gap grading. Our main goal is to improve the electrical and optical properties of these cells. In order to check the performance, we also evaluate the change in the thickness of the absorbent layer as a key factor. In particular, we analyze the effect of these changes on the efficiency and filling factor of the cells. In conventional CIGS solar cells, the efficiency is about 20.8% that we have achieved so far. But by taking advantage of the bandgap grading on the absorber layer and by using engineering techniques in the absorber and buffer layers, we have achieved the most impressive efficiency ever of 33.7%. This increase is the result of successful achievements in optimizing the structure and properties of cells. In summary, the values of important output parameters for these advanced cells include 33.7% efficiency, 79% filling factor, 1mV open circuit voltage and 40.96mA/cm2 short circuit current.