نشریه مطالعات حقوق بشر اسلامی
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1402)

The Islamic Republic of Iran has well understood the negative effects of war, its consequences such as the influx of refugees and migration flows, because for more than four decades in the absence of international support, under the dire conditions of the eight-year war, unilateral coercive measures and sanctions, He has generously welcomed millions of Afghan refugees. The burden of responsibility of Afghan refugees and the need for a practical approach based on Islamic human rights for sustainable protection of Afghan refugees is well felt in Iran.Based on this, the main question of this research is: "How can the division of responsibility with the approach of Islamic human rights reduce the burden of responsibility of Afghan refugees in Iran as a practical solution?"The research method is descriptive-analytical and collection of documentary and library informationThe findings of the research showed that the division of responsibility, from capacity-building measures at three international levels, non-governmental organizations and governmental organizations, in sync with the principles and provisions of Islamic human rights, can provide practical solutions to reduce the burden of responsibility of Afghan refugees in Iran.

the foundation of the international human rights system, based on which the human rights in the system international human rights are recognized, it is justified. This principle, apart from religious texts and sources, has been recognized in numerous international and regional human rights documents, and even in the documents related to humanitarian rights, the observance of this principle and the need to respect human dignity have been emphasized. The present descriptive and analytical essay has been written with the aim of recognizing and representing the principle of human dignity in the human rights policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards foreign immigrants in the years after the Islamic Revolution. How has the principle of human dignity been implemented as the most important principle in human relations in the Islamic Republic of Iran's immigration policies towards foreign immigrants, especially Afghan immigrants, and what are its examples? It is the most important question that this research aims to answer. The findings and results show that human dignity and human rights are the basis and criteria of all decisions, policies and actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of immigration policy, as far as this can be observed in educational, welfare and living rights that are for Afghan immigrants considered.

Achieving sustainable development requires the use of various resources. For this reason, governments use a wide range of mechanisms and resources for this purpose. It is one of the imaginable mechanisms and tools to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the insurance industry. According to international documents, sustainable development can be divided into the second and third generation of human rights. Despite these international documents related to sustainable development, they have not used a clear position on insurance. Therefore, the question arises whether insurance can play a role as a tool in the light of human rights in strengthening and realizing policies based on sustainable development, and if the answer is positive, what are its functions in this regard and then there is a proposal to use insurance as a tool in Iran's 7th development program and to strengthen the principles of human rights such as equality. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, has investigated the relationship between sustainable development and insurance and imaginable approaches and has addressed the types of functions that insurance can adopt to achieve sustainable development. This research concludes that despite the functional differences between insurance and sustainable development, this industry has potential and flexibility that can be used as a complementary tool to realize sustainable development policies and strengthen human rights.

Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti is considered one of the most prominent founders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as his name is associated with the name of the Constitution, the rights of the nation and the rights of citizens in the history of the Islamic Revolution. The present descriptive and analytical essay has been written with the aim of explaining and understanding the elements of citizenship rights in the thought of Ayatollah Beheshti as one of the prominent jurists and jurists of the Islamic Revolution. The findings and results show that Ayatollah Beheshti, due to his familiarity with religious foundations and familiarity with schools and political systems, as well as his detailed knowledge of the conditions and requirements of the country, played the greatest role in explaining the elements and components of citizenship rights such as the right to freedom, the right to social justice and the right to security in the early years of the victory of the Islamic Revolution, he was able to include these elements in the constitution of the Islamic Republic in the process of drafting, compiling and approving it, as well as legally establishing the rights of citizens and democracy, and guaranteeing the safety of the society from the return of tyranny and autocracy.

In today's age, when human rights are applied in the context of being a citizen, and the same citizen is under control and imperceptible surveillance in all aspects of life, and at the same time, he is in danger of suspension of the title of citizenship and direct violence of the ruler and the law. Minimum human support under the title of human rights system is denied to millions of refugees and displaced people who have no place in the territory of the nation-state. It is in such a world that the first step to confront and resist the pressure of life is to be aware of the situation that all We are in it. The concept of freedom in the discourse of human rights, which is itself within the political discourse of the nation-state, as its essence and central signifier in opposition to the institution of the nation-state, has the same contradiction as in the theories of the social contract. By raising the question of what is the position of the concepts of freedom and power in the human rights discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while explaining and exploring the nature of human rights and the foundations of the formation of this discourse, it is of the opinion that human rights have been a political matter until now and if To be able to assign a role to this discourse beyond its political nature, that is,

The right to a healthy environment is one of the most important examples of human rights, which is the concern of the world community today. This right is not explicitly stated in the religious texts of Imami jurisprudence. What exists is to express some tasks for human beings along with mentioning the elements of nature. However, what is necessary to be discussed is extracting human rights to have a healthy environment in the reasoning and philosophical system of Imamiyyah jurisprudence and finding the answer to the basic question of how to deal with the elements of the environment in terms of the duties expressed in religious texts. Life achieved the rights of human beings in this field and what are the most important bases of these rights? By reviewing the original sources of the Imami religion and in a descriptive-analytical method, with reference to the principle of right and obligation, the most important philosophical foundations of the right to a healthy environment in this religion have been obtained, which are security, development, health and hygiene, psychological security. Economic prosperity, national authority, intrinsic value and instrumental value of the environment are among them.

After the Cold War, the Security Council has widely used the tool of sanctions, referring to the seventh chapter of the Charter. The consequences of sanctions in the target countries show that the most damage has been inflicted on the people and human rights standards have been violated. Sanctions in international relations are a tool to change the behavior or unfavorable policy of the government. Violation of human rights or the fundamental rules of international law is one of the red lines that are crossed by imposing sanctions and the legal validity of sanctions is distorted, and the effects of resorting to sanctions may be considered as an example of committing an international violation. In this article, we are trying to analyze the results and effects of unilateral sanctions against Iran while reflecting on them. Paying attention to the types of classification of sanctions. In this article, we will discuss the possibility and refusal to violate human rights through unilateral sanctions. The hostile behavior of the United States of America against Iran has continued since the beginning of the revolution. Collective sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council against some countries and unilateral sanctions against other countries have many destructive effects on human rights. Imposing such sanctions in terms of violation of treaties is a violation of the jurisdiction and legal powers of this council and is invalid.