دانش نامه علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 14 (بهار 1403)

Developments have been influenced by various factors such as the political, social and economic conditions of Afghanistan. Understanding the developments of the Taliban is essential for understanding the current situation in Afghanistan and predicting the future of this country. The purpose of this article is to answer the question, what developments have occurred in the approach and performance of the Taliban from the 1994 to 2021? Considering the past and present developments of the Taliban, the main hypothesis is that the ideology and policy of this group on various issues such as human rights, women's and girls' rights, education, foreign policy and economy has more adaptability and flexibility compared to the past and this flexibility is limited in the methods related to it and the main goal and slogans of the Taliban are still extreme. Using the qualitative research method (causal type) and various sources, this article examines the developments of the ideology, strategy, technique and policies of the Taliban from the 1994 to 2021 so that the developments of the Taliban can be revealed to some extent.

With the beginning of the Syrian crisis and the formation and strengthening of the multi-polar space, with the opening of new social gaps during the Arab Spring, political, ideological, economic and social differences appeared at once. Although this dispute was formed against the rule of Bashar al-Assad, it became a fundamental factor for finding a difference between the opposing groups and turned the crisis of this country into a regional and international crisis. The current research is an answer to this important question: What effect and role do social and cultural gaps and differences play in the occurrence and escalation of the Syrian crisis? The hypothesis of the answer to the current question is that: the crisis of national identity, the strong dominance of the culture of ethnocentrism and ethnic sectarianism along with the intensification of takfiri currents in the absence of a common and homogeneous civil culture between ethnic groups and groups caused the Syrian crisis to strongly diverge. intense political and social and civil war moves. The current research is explained in terms of descriptive-analytical method with reference to written sources. As a result the Syrian political crisis has long-term cultural, social and political roots, and the accumulated identity conflict has caused nation-building in Syria to fail over several decades.

The Quran is a book of guidance and general issues of human need is the divine legislator Although the purpose of the holy founder of political and social science issues not discount the holy Quran verses in the Quran, but is necessarily the case Koran verses that addressed the issue of government policy. The purpose of sent messengers and books divine direction and guidance toachieve prosperity and worldly man is Vakhrvy And the other side of the world is the next field performance of people in the world that heavenly happiness people Heavenly bliss of guarantees The major part of people;s lives for political life. the Quran is the root cause of political thought in Islam And the Koran and describes the design principles of political thought, belief and practice , The principles and ideas are part of the vast territory and part of the teachings of Islam and faith Corner Part of the teachings of Islam and the life of a Muslim corner of the counts So the thought of Quranic separation of thought and political action , Of faith and Islam and Muslim life is not possible.

This research aims to examine the impact of American cultural influence on university students in Qom province during the 2010s. The significance of this issue lies in the fact that cultural influence, in line with increasing American soft power, draws young people and university students in Qom closer to American values, scientific, cultural, commercial, and media symbols, while distancing them from Iranian and Islamic values. The main question is: what impact has American cultural influence had on university students in Qom province? To investigate this, a questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 650 individuals from the target population, proportionate to the undergraduate, master's, and doctoral student populations in Qom's universities. A total of 611 questionnaires were completed and the data were collected. The research findings, as stated in the primary hypothesis, suggest that "American cultural influence has negatively affected the attitudes and values of some university students in Qom." According to the output of the one-sample t-tests regarding the three components of American values and their impact on students' attitudes (index: -4.017), American cultural symbols and their impact on students' attitudes (index: -3.9), and the image of America in legitimizing policies and actions and their impact on students' attitudes (index: -3.07), it can be concluded that the general hypothesis of this research, indicating the negative cultural influence of America on the attitudes and values of some university students in Qom, is confirmed.

Identity is like certain frameworks that reveal similarities and differences and provide the possibility of establishing meaningful and continuous communication between members of the society. In other words, identity determines human tendencies and behaviors and is the focus of discourse analysis. By insisting on the revival of Islamic identity, the discourse of the Islamic revolution became the dominant discourse among the discourses opposed to the Pahlavi regime and shook the discourse of Pahlaviism. Therefore, recreating this identity is one of the most important achievements of the Islamic Revolution in the Islamic world. The main question of the article is, what effect did the Islamic Revolution have on the identification of West Asian societies in the last ten years? This research tries to answer this question with the method of discourse analysis based on documentary-library data. Examining the ten-year history of West Asian societies shows that the discourse of the Islamic Revolution played an identity-building role in this region, and by creating important identity changes such as reviving the identity of resistance in these societies, it played an undeniable role in the decline of the components of Western civilization and the return to Islamic identity to perform.

With all the onslaughts and efforts of anti-religious movements in the present era, we can observe that religion is not marginal to the currents and transformations of our time. On one hand, there are extremist groups presenting themselves with a religious veneer using tools of violence, while on the other hand, we witness efforts by religious scholars and intellectuals who, relying on the religious element and emphasizing attention to religious diplomacy, aim not only to promote solidarity among co-religionists and reaffirm the role of religion, but also to pursue new endeavors aimed at positive engagement in awakening among nations, changing attitudes towards religious teachings in the world, and promoting peace through interfaith participation. This article, using a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on library sources, seeks to answer the question: What is the impact of religious diplomacy on global peace? The hypothesis of the article is that interfaith diplomacy, given its shared principles inspired by divine commands, can contribute to achieving peace by taking steps to reduce tensions and amend religious perceptions of each other, thereby enhancing positive relations and ultimately fostering global peace through expanded avenues of dialogue among religions. These initiatives can be realized through interactions among governments, individuals, groups with shared or disparate religious affiliations, and international organizations.