Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 2, Summer 2024

Previous analyses have revealed that the human factor is significant in causing traffic accidents. Antisocial driving behaviors have led to a phenomenon called driving violence, which poses a significant risk to other road users. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the concept of antisocial driving behavior and its various types.

This qualitative study was carried out using a content analysis approach and involved 12 participants selected through the purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted from June to September 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Data were analyzed using Graneheim’s approach.

The study identified a total of 419 primary codes, 10 subcategories, and 5 main categories including culture, violation of laws, reduced traffic safety, reduced social welfare, and risk-taking behaviors.

Antisocial behaviors in driving are context-based and pose a potential risk to other road users. They often violate citizenship rights and driving laws while being related to the prevailing culture of the community. Therefore, appropriate interventions and policies should be adopted to reduce these behaviors.

The aging of the population and an increase in the number of older adults require long-term care and a greater number of nursing homes (NHs). Consequently, identifying relevant cultural factors in NHs may contribute to meeting care needs. This study aimed to explore the culture of nursing care for older adults in NHs in Iran. This interpretive ethnographic study was conducted in two NHs in Kerman. The data were collected through fieldwork, participant observations, field notes, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 26 staff and 7 residents. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The culture of care in NHs revolves around 3 themes including “task-oriented care”, “care deficiency”, and “enthusiastic care”. The results emphasized the value of the cultural atmosphere embedded in NHs. The provided care mostly met the physical and immediate needs of older adults (task-oriented care). In addition, establishing an emotional relationship with older adults can help them better accept care and reduce illness and disability in them.

The admission of an infant to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has the potential to increase the mother’s anxiety and stress. Mothers spend long hours and sometimes days nonstop at their infant’s bedside. The present study aimed to explore the lived experiences of mothers about the factors affecting their sleep in the NICU.

This qualitative study was conducted using directed content analysis on 16 mothers in the NICU at Fatemieh Hospital affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The content of the interviews was recorded, transcribed, codified, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.

The analysis of the data revealed 168 primary codes, 19 subcategories, and 8 main categories. The main themes extracted from the mothers’ sleep experiences were individual factors (physical and psychological factors and adaptation to the conditions), environmental factors (physical, social, and economic factors), and occupation (daily activities and duties).

Individual and environmental factors and employment are effective in the sleep of mothers in the NICU. These findings enhance our understanding of mothers’ sleep experiences and highlight the importance of addressing these factors in preventing and treating sleep disorders in mothers of newborns in research and clinical practice.

Relationship disengagement is one of the most common reasons reported by couples when explaining the distress and dissolution of the marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting relationship disengagement in Iranian couples.

This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach. The participants were 24 Iranian married couples (in Mashhad) who were selected using non-random and purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the couples and the interviews continued until data saturation. The collected were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method.

Data analysis revealed three themes (each with some categories): (1) Interpersonal factors (problems related to the family of origin, conflict in couple interactions, distancing behaviors, and ineffective spouse selection), (2) individual-personality factors (emotional instability and character traits), and (3) socioeconomic factors (financial and vocational issues and perceived fairness and inequality).

The findings indicated that marital relationship disengagement leads to emotional apathy and dissolution of marital relationships. Couples therapy approaches should target the causes of relationship disengagement to increase the quality of couples’ relationships and prevent divorce. The insights from this study can be used for formulating treatment and preventive approaches to prevent couple relationship disengagement.

Aging is a critical period of human life during which the elderly experience many losses. Difficult problems facing the elderly such as the loss of a loved one can be very stressful. Identifying the resilience factors of the elderly in this regard provides a clear path to achieving the concept of “successful elderly”. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain the experiences of the elderly who have lost their spouse. This study was conducted qualitatively using a content analysis approach. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 elderly people who were selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed according to the model proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The accuracy and robustness of the data were also assessed based on Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Three main categories including the purgatory of separation, manifestation of interests, and on the way to resilience were extracted from the findings that can explain the experiences of the elderly who lost their spouse in the specific sociocultural context of Iran. The findings of the study reflected both positive and negative experiences affecting the elderly and emphasized the need for effective strategies to improve the situation according to the sociocultural conditions of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary for the elderly, their family members, and society as social capital to change attitudes and provide appropriate facilities while meeting the emotional, psychological, social, and economic needs of the elderly and considering their right to independence and empowerment.

Rehabilitation services as a set of measures to improve health, increase independence, and facilitate return to everyday life are mandatory for individuals with spinal cord injuries. The most critical challenge that has emerged in recent years to provide these services in a timely and appropriate manner is the global spread of the coronavirus. Accordingly, this study aimed to explain the factors facilitating access to rehabilitation services for individuals with spinal cord injuries during the coronavirus pandemic. This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method in Tehran, Iran in 2023. A total of 25 participants selected via purposive sampling, participated in the study. Data were collected and analyzed using semi-structured interviews. MAXQDA 2020 software was used to organize the collected data and facilitate their coding. The analysis of participants’ experiences led to the identification of 876 codes, 9 subcategories, and 4 main categories as factors facilitating access to rehabilitation services. The main categories included supportive community, optimized health services, therapeutic facilities, and reliance on individual abilities. According to the findings, appropriate access to rehabilitation services requires a comprehensive understanding and an accurate identification of the facilitators. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in policymaking, planning, and developing appropriate protocols to improve the access of individuals with spinal cord injuries to rehabilitation services during critical times similar to the coronavirus pandemic in the future.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency method to restore blood flow and spontaneous breathing in a person who has suffered cardiac arrest. Clinical practice guidelines are recommendations for nurses regarding the care of patients with specific conditions such as cardiac arrest. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the experiences of hospital emergency department nurses regarding the implementation of CPR guidelines. This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach to investigate the experiences of 11 emergency department nurses. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews until saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman simultaneously with data collection. Data analysis led to the identification of two main categories and ten subcategories. The categories included “barriers” with five subcategories (lack of knowledge and skills, low motivation, work pressure, lack of facilities, and lack of cooperation among the CPR team) and “facilitators” with five subcategories (facility development, teamwork, conscientiousness, adequate training, and effective supervision). Nursing managers can use nurses’ experiences to find appropriate ways to improve the use of clinical guidelines for CPR.

Synthesis studies are used for the retrieval, review, synthesis, analysis, and integration of the findings of original studies. The purpose of this review was to shed more light on how meta-ethnography works as a method of inductive and interpretative knowledge synthesis, and on its application and implementation in medical sciences.

This was a narrative review study and the statistical population included all scholarly publications on the synthesis of qualitative studies and meta-ethnography published from 1998 to 2022. The search in international and domestic databases led to the extraction of 118 books and articles. After reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts of these publications, we included 2 books and 8 articles in the review.

Meta-ethnography is used for synthesizing the knowledge obtained from qualitative studies to re-conceptualize their findings. There are seven phases in the process of meta-ethnography: Getting started; Deciding on what is of initial interest; Reading the studies; Determining how the studies are related; Translating the studies to each other; Synthesizing the translations; and expressing the synthesis. The number of studies required to perform meta-ethnography has been recently suggested to be 40. Strategies for updating meta-ethnography include repeating the previous strategy and reformulating the strategy according to a new objective, a revised review question, or new inclusion criteria.

Noblit and Hare introduced meta-ethnography in 1988 as a qualitative research method for the synthesis of educational ethnographies. Today, it is widely used in healthcare research.