پژوهشنامه ایرانی روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1402)

The Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the two determining and possessing powers. Influence in the region, they have the necessary power to shape and influence the relations of the West Asian region. So that it can be clearly seen that the region of West Asia and North Africa is affected by the policies of the two mentioned countries and the quality of their relations with each other. Therefore, the resumption of relations between the two countries, which - after 7 years of complete termination of relations, during five rounds of negotiations in Baghdad and Oman, finally took place on March 10, 2023 with the mediation of China in Beijing and - with the signing of a peace agreement , is very important. This agreement, which has had a wide coverage in the regional and world media due to its many consequences on regional relations, raises many questions about regional issues. In this research, the authors of the work seek to investigate the effect of this special and bilateral agreement on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups. Therefore, the main question of this research can be posed as "What effect will the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia have on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups?". In response to the said question, which the authors of the work came up with a descriptive-analytical approach to answer, such a hypothesis can be proposed that: based on the theory of "structural realism" and also the theory of "Balance of threat", the mentioned agreement..

The field of international relations in the field of theorizing includes a wide range of theories. From the traditional range of theories of international relations to the late theories and reflectionism, which has been a reaction to the traditional and ruling theories in international relations. One of the most important developments in the field of international relations theories is the emergence of meta-theoretical issues in this field. meta-theoretical debates in international relations have been raised since the end of the 20th century, especially in the last international relations debates, which was the debate between rationalists and reflective theories, and this debate is more philosophical in nature, and the field of philosophy of science has been used to examine and evaluate other theories. meta-theory actually examines, analyzes and describes the theory. In other words, meta-theory deals with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of a theory. One of the recent and reflective theories in the field of international relations is the theory of feminism. Most of the proponents of this theory are inspired by poststructuralism. Feminists also question the dimensions of ontology, epistemology and methodology of traditional theories of international relations, especially realism, and consider them insufficient to analyze the realities of today's world. The purpose of this research is to investigate and familiarize with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of the theory of feminism and to what extent these dimensions can give us a more accurate and better understanding in the field of international relations and world politics issues.

Relations between Iran and China have a long history. Their first communication took place through the old silk road, and today, with the new silk road plan by China and the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document, the relations between the two countries have expanded to the level of strategic partnership. China has signed cooperation documents with many countries to implement the Belt and Road Initiative. Iran has also received special attention from Beijing due to its special geopolitical situation. Therefore, on April 7, 1400, a 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document was signed between the foreign ministers of Iran and China, which is supposed to be a road map for the future cooperation of the parties.The current research is an attempt to answer the question, what economic goals are pursued by the Islamic Republic of Iran and China through the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document? The proposed hypothesis is that China's main goal in the aforementioned agreement is to diversify energy sources and ensure its security. On the other hand, the most important goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to get rid of the economic blockade by increasing trade exchanges with China under the conditions of economic sanctions. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is also done by using written sources including books, articles, documents and internet data

 Energy diplomacy is carrying out diplomatic missions in line with major development goals with the aim of improving the country's political and economic position and attracting international and regional investments and cooperation in the energy sector. Today, by benefiting from energy diplomacy, countries are trying to ensure their interests and energy security in this field as much as possible without using force. China, as the largest major energy consumer in the world, using the tool of energy diplomacy in the Middle East; Central Asia, Africa and Latin America have raised their major concerns about energy security. Energy diplomacy has become China's effective tool in determining the new global order, and this country has tried to adjust its foreign policy direction based on economic interests. China's energy diplomacy has been rapidly changing and expanding over the past two decades, and new geopolitical developments and the establishment of international regimes have strengthened this country's energy diplomacy. The main goal of this research is to examine China's strategy in the field of energy with an emphasis on the Ukraine war and the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research with descriptive and analytical methods and library studies is an answer to the question of how the new global international developments are in line with the energy diplomacy goals of this country. China has strengthened its political legitimacy and economy by creating new investment opportunities, increasing connections with the global community and oil-rich countries, energy exports and imports. The consequences of these wars will be creating insecurity in the field of energy supply and increasing the price of energy carriers.

The current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragement, has been adopted in the face of J.A. Iran. A. Iran. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, while using the theory of aggressive realism, the behavioral pattern of the United States will be examined. The main findings of the research show that the approach of the United States is of the type of liberalism of "encouragement, encouragement and maximum participation". Or the harmonious model of liberalism and realism is not "positive and negative". Rather, it indicates the continuation and consolidation of the approach of aggressive realism, of the type of acute discursive, geopolitical and geostrategic confrontation in the form of "threat, punishment, sanctions" in the form of "various and complex balancing". So that the conformity and consistency of aggressive realism propositions with the approach of the United States in the acute confrontation with Iran is clear and obvious. The authors conclude that the behavior pattern of the United States is in the fixed form of aggressive realism, without a paradigm shift to liberalism. And it doesn't even have a tendency to shift within the theoretical paradigm of defensive realism. The main goal of America is to turn Iran into an isolated and victimized actor in the field of international politics. They evaluate J.A.Iran in the form of a game with a negative sum. And they always have a pure compliance with the approach of slander and international politics in their agenda. based on strategic rationality and compliance with international law.

The phenomenon of ethnicization and the formation of identities have gained double importance in the contemporary period and factors such as deprivations, oppression of rulers, territorial divisions and migrations have played a major role in weakening the link between the land and the culture of societies. One of the effective factors in the country's policy-making is the monitoring of the surrounding environment, especially the western border areas, which have long been the residence of Kurdish tribes. have settled in eastern Iraq (Diyali, Wasit, Maysan and Baghdad). Their opportunities and threats in the western border areas of Iran are considered one of the country's security challenges, which can guarantee the country's national security with proper cultural, social and media policies and planning. Here, the question that arises is how the provincial media can be effective in building the identity of the Kurds of Fili and creating national security. Provincial networks produce and broadcast interesting programs with local dialect in the form of: historical documentaries, tourist attractions, local customs and live communication with the Kurds of Iraq, especially during Arbaeen and other religious occasions. to be protected from the media attack of foreign security services that are produced and broadcast in the form of political and social programs from affiliated Kurdish networks. This research has been done in a descriptive and analytical way using library study and documentary data. Media studies confirm that the representation of
Iraqi Kurds' identity in the media (Ilam Provincial Network) leads to their convergence with Iranian Kurds and national security.