نشریه حکمرانی متعالی
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1402)

The concepts of development and justice have long been considered and the focus of attention of planners, politicians and national, regional and provincial or local managers, and in this, the purpose and appropriateness of the distribution of facilities and population based on geography is considered to be the main focus. Land preparation, which is a combination of the three sciences of economics, geography and sociology, includes organizing and systematizing measures for the national or local natural-social-economic space, which is based on the formulation of the main direction of the country's long-term development in a view from above. national and determination of reflections, facilities and capabilities and obstacles and bottlenecks and combining the above two processes in dealing with economic sectors and coordination between sectors and regions. The land preparation approach in all aspects complements and resolves the deficiencies that, with the ability to create a balance between the three elements of man, space and activities and provide a logical arrangement of activities in the field of land, should be in the stages of developing development plans (long-term, medium-term, short-term). And their implementation should act as a dominant view and a high-handed document, which has its own importance from the point of view of defense and passive defense and the relationship between defense and security. In this article, the factors of threats and weaknesses in this area, which are actually the source of challenges, are discussed with an environmental perspective. Challenges and elimination of weaknesses are stated and finally suggestions are presented in the field of achieving balanced development

in the system of vertical separation of powers, the powers of the central government are delegated or handed over to local government officials based on the principle of competence. This pattern of devolution of authority is called lack of concentration, and now in Iran governors, governors and prefects are examples of this devolution of authority, whose powers are scattered in various laws and regulations, and due to the confusion of the ruler, the validity of some places The thinking and authority of some others is distorted in terms of the possibility of creating competence, especially that "the plan for determining the duties and powers of governors and governors and how to remove and install them" approved by the Supreme Administrative Council (1377), although in Article 2, a total of 40 powers are listed for governors, but Legally, it is confused because the powers mentioned are mostly outside the legal capacity of the said Council's resolution and can only be considered according to the law approved by the Parliament and during the process of legislation. Another challenge is to the non-remedial rulings of these authorities. In this article, by examining the dimensions of the authorities of national divisions, we will address the question of what are the legal challenges of the authorities of national divisions and how to solve each of them. The hypothesis of this article, while acknowledging the lack of legal bases of authority, is the need for comprehensive and revised legislation in different areas of jurisdiction. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical.​

The governance system has both the ability to grow and develop, and it can cause malfunctions, delays and disruptions in the development process. This means that the challenges of governance are capable of diverting each of the four sectors of the country's policymaking and putting the lofty goals out of reach. Policy-making is the basic function of the government and the process of intervention in order to achieve results and realize its political vision. Studying in the policy space seeks to describe and explain the policies of governments and how to influence and create changes in the way of governance and of course the body of the government. Therefore, it is necessary to explain or investigate what and why these challenges are in the policy environment. The purpose of this article, in a scientific review study, is to give a glimpse of the issues raised from the perspective of thinkers and experts of governance think tanks, as well as examine new challenges and provide solutions to change the governance of the headquarters or centralized to governance. It is provincial and decentralized. Also, this study aims to take a brief look at the state of excellence and empowerment of local governance in the northwestern provinces of the country (East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Qazvin, Zanjan and Ardabil).

Several factors are effective in the successful implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies as the main policy-making process in the development of provincial investment, and not paying attention to it has created many challenges for economic development and provincial investments. The purpose of this pathological research is the implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies in order to identify the most important obstacles in the direction of the development of provincial investments. The research method is qualitative in terms of practical purpose, in terms of collecting data and using thematic analysis technique. It is a purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity until reaching theoretical saturation. Based on the findings of the research, the barriers to the implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies are: the nature of policy making, collaborative barriers, inefficient executives, environmental barriers, support and implementation barriers, weakness in evaluation and monitoring, organizational barriers. Managers and policy makers can lead to economic development and investment by improving and removing the obstacles and harms of implementing innovation and technology policies and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of programs.

Curriculum politicization is the process of choosing and placing society's values in the curriculum, as well as refining these values for their presence or absence in the curriculum. The purpose of this research is to design a model of provincial delegation of curriculum politicization for Iran's education system. It is part of qualitative research through qualitative content analysis with the Strauss and Corbin approach. Data was collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 11 curriculum policy makers in the academic year 2018-2019. Curriculum policy in Iran and articles related to the field of curriculum policy. The method of selecting the participants from among experts was snowball sampling. 6 The main document of Iran's curriculum policy as a sample of internal documents and by searching the terms of curriculum policy and curriculum policy making in the databases Information (ERIC, Google scholar, SAGE, WIELY, TAYLOR & FRANCES) was obtained. Considering the relation to the discussion of curriculum policy in the education system, 120 articles were examined. The research tool was a semi-structured interview based on the 5w1h technique and document analysis form. . The content validity of the interview was confirmed by the opinion of 5 education experts. The data were coded, named, categorized and analyzed. 2018 Maxqda software was used for the preliminary analysis of qualitative data. The findings were confirmed using the Lincoln and Goba evaluation method. The curriculum-politicization model for Iran's education system was designed with the priority of provincial decision-making in three formal, technical and cautious dimensions and three levels: supra, macro and micro. The results showed that the provincial delegation of curriculum policy-making in Iran's education system has 4 policy-making components regarding curriculum goals, teaching and learning opportunities, policy content and policy evaluation. According to the findings, to modify curriculum policies, create an active cycle with the aim Monitoring and improvement of the cycle is required. These findings can be used by explaining the curriculum policy making process in Iran's education system to realize the ecological policy of the curriculum in Iran

Smart city governance is about promoting an effective environment of collaboration in the government and implying adaptive policy-making to construct performing and sustainable. The aim of the present study is to develop a smart city governance model in tehran. The research method of this study is thematic analysis method. The statistical population of this research consists of the managers and experts of the urban area in tehran, which is eight people through the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, which is analyzed through interpretive coding. Based on open coding, initially 397 basic codes were extracted from the conducted interviews, and by using multiple analysis and integration of themes with common concepts, 253 main "overarching themes" were extracted, finally 25 overarching themes were identified and interpretive coding was done. The research results indicate that the model of smart city governance in Tehran includes five main components including initial conditions, cooperative urban governance, smart city components, law and policies, and output and three background factors including institutional, human and technical factors that They affect the whole process.