مجله پژوهش های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، پاییز 1402)

the present study aims to identify the status and prioritization of effective factors in the development and establishment of R&D units in East Azarbaijan water users Co-operatives. Questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection and spss statistical software used for data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes 317 managers of water users cooperatives in the province, of which 175 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the Morgan table using a simple random method and quota. The results showed that the cooperative managers did not have a positive attitude towards development and creation of R&D units. Stepwise multiple regression results showed that four variables (income satisfaction, decision-making rate, managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and marital status) accounted for about 81.6% of the variance in the factors affecting the rate. Explain the development of R&D units, as well as the findings of the research lacking confidence in the usefulness of R&D departments in cooperatives, the lack of managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and the lack of coordination between relevant R&D

The purpose of this research is to identify strategies for adapting extension trainings of rural cooperatives in Alborz province to the learning organization. This study was conducted based on mixed paradigm and using qualitative and quantitative methods. To collect data, face-to-face interview and brainstorming techniques were used in the qualitative part, and questionnaires were used in the quantitative part. The research participants in the qualitative part included 30 experts from rural cooperative companies using the snowball sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and in the quantitative part, 379 people were members of rural cooperatives. To identify the strategies of aligning the extension training with the learning organization strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities from the dimensions of shared vision, personal mastery, mental models, team learning and systems thinking in the form of three stages of open , axial and selective coding were identified. After identifying the internal and external factors, they were measured among the members of the cooperatives. Based on the results, the position of the cooperatives was placed in the third quarter, and the appropriate strategies for adapting the extension training to the learning organization, competitive strategies were determined. Using the quantitative strategic planning matrix, were prioritized, and action plane were presented to realize the desired strategies using brainstorming techniques and interviews. The planners of extension trainings of rural cooperatives can provide the necessary conditions for adapting the mentioned trainings to the functions of the learning organization, according to the strategies and action plane identified.

The present research was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors on reducing the effects of drought in corn cultivation and to provide extensional-educational solutions in Azadi village (of Andimshek county). The statistical population was formed by all the corn growers of Azadi district in the crop year of 2021-2022, which were equal to 600 people. The sampling method was random and the samples were selected from among the people of the society in a simple random manner. To determine the sample size due to the limited statistical population, the Karjesi-Morgan formula was used, and according to the Karjesi-Morgan table, 237 people were selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire Data analysis using software SPSS Ver. 26 was done. The results of the T test showed that there is a significant difference at the level of 95% between farmers' knowledge and awareness (technical knowledge), human factors, management factors, economic factors, extensional-educational strategies and farmers' attitude towards reducing damage caused by drought with mean average of the population. They can minimize the damage caused by drought. Based on the structural model (PLS), the technical knowledge of corn farmers, management factors and educational-promotional strategies had the greatest effect on reducing the damage caused by drought, so that the value of the path coefficient for them was equal to 0.378, 0.359 and 314. Also, the path coefficient of human factors and economic factors were equal to 0.142 and 0.129, respectively, which had less effect on reducing the effects of drought.

Land reform in the 40s is one of the most important development programs in the country which was implemented as the most comprehensive and serious action in the Iranian agriculture and had effects on rural morphology. Therefore, the present study has analyzed the effects of land reform on the morphological structure of Shiyan rural area. The present qualitative research is of descriptive-analytical. The study population consisted of informants and people over 50 years old in the area who had sufficient knowledge about land reform. Using purpose sampling, data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field evidence. Data were analyzed using graph and analysis of interviews and photos. The results of this study showed that land reform has changed the morphology of the village in terms of agricultural morphology, housing and architecture and village texture. Thus, the fragmentation of cultivation units, the disappearance of commercial cultivation of single products and the creation of cultivation diversity, caused a change in the cultivation pattern and production tools in this village. Also, the use of urban architecture and non-native materials in the reconstruction of housing has changed the use of housing and destroyed the original identity of the village. On the other hand, the texture of the village has changed and crawled towards the main road. Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policy makers of rural development programs, before designing and implementing such programs, consider the environmental conditions and capacities of the region and, accordingly, provide proprietary applications.

Rural areas and the agricultural sector are facing various risks that affect people's livelihoods; therefore, livelihood diversity is necessary. The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers with water wells in Zanjan township. The statistical population of the research was farmers with water wells in Zanjan township (N = 8017); using Cochran's formula, 367 people were selected as a sample by the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by researchers in the field of livelihood diversity and its reliability through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.97–0.94). Data analysis was done using SPSS26 software, and central indicators, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that the average livelihood diversity index of people based on the Simpson index was 0.13 with a standard deviation of 0.03, which indicates that the farmers had low livelihood diversity. The results of the investigation of the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers using step-by-step linear regression analysis showed that five variables—the amount of actual water yield of a personal well, the amount of garden size, the amount of bureaucracy in issuing licensing for rural workshops, the amount of cultivation of irrigated products, and the amount of inability to buy basic needs—accounted for 78% of the variance of respondents' livelihood diversity. Based on research results, recommended to focus on smallholder farmers in livelihood empowerment programs; facilitate the start-up of non-agricultural businesses for farmers.

One of the most important strategies offered for agricultural development is the empowerment and participation of farmers and greenhouse owners in various dimensions. Undoubtedly, the activities of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system can play a significant role in this empowerment. Considering the importance of the topic, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of the empowerment of greenhouse workers, emphasizing the role of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system, using the phenomenological approach in Razavi Khorasan province. The statistical population of the research consists of agricultural Jihad experts, academic experts, private sector experts and managers of greenhouses in Razavi Khorasan province. Informed people were collected by snowball method and data were collected by in-depth interview and direct observation. Data analysis was done based on Claysey's model. The initial coding process was done by identifying the evidence from the written interviews for 30 interviews, and the result of this step is the identification of 149 primary codes. In the second stage, 21 formulated meanings were obtained, and by categorizing them, the research theme, which is the factors affecting the empowerment of greenhouse owners, was identified. As a result of the analysis of the findings, six main themes of the achievements and consequences of the agricultural knowledge and information system with emphasis on the ability of greenhouse farmers, drivers, strategies and strategies, moderating conditions (supportive and supportive policies), background conditions, Achievements and consequences were obtained.