Journal of Advanced Sport Technology
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2024

The study focuses on the design and manufacture of an Eccentric Smith Machine, incorporating specialized mechanical components for enhanced athletic benefits, minimizing injuries, and promoting hypertrophy. The Eccentric Smith Machine comprises three main parts: A stable Smith machine adapted for electrical motor shocks, an electrical component with a panel and motor, and a transmission system using four pulleys and two cables. The mechanical design facilitates acute and smooth bar movement, ensuring safety and ease of use for athletes of varying heights and strengths. The Eccentric Smith Machine demonstrates resilience to electrical motor power, simplicity in usage, and safety advantages. Its adaptability makes it accessible to athletes with diverse physical characteristics, providing a tool for effective and safe resistance training. The designed device has the potential to enhance physical fitness, particularly muscle hypertrophy. It stands as a viable option for athletes, offering a reduced risk of injuries during workouts. The Eccentric Smith Machine presents itself as an alternative for those recovering from minor injuries, contributing to overall workout safety.

The purpose of this study was to design an e-business developing model in sports industry in the country. The method of this research was one of the applied researches, and was done with qualitatively method and by semi-constructed interviews helping. The statistical research community of this study was: Top level sport managers (Managers of the top clubs in the country and heads of sports federations) that Familiar with the subject of e-commerce and e-sports marketing and related topics, faculty members specializing in this field and managers and planners of reputable domestic sites who are planning and selling sports products. The research findings were analyzed in the form of an e-businesses development model and the coding was done up to the most abstract stage by the researcher. The results of this study showed that the country's sports industry, like other money-making industries in the country, is moving towards exploiting the benefits of the electronic world. But it is doing by a low speed. The researchers were looking for ways to speed up the process. The cases mentioned by the experts were in the 6 areas of form; Economic, social-cultural, political- legal, managerial and infrastructure development sectors. Experts involved in this study consider development infrastructure and management factors to be the most important factors. Updated and committed managers can help to provide the development infrastructure for fast moving as possible to this type of business. In order to classify the data obtained from the interview, the software for analyzing the qualitative data (Nvivo 10 version) was used.

Low back pain is one of the most common disorders that affect one's functional ability in daily life and workplace activities, as well as their general health and quality of life. The motion range and the trunk-pelvis coordination are important kinematic variables that seem to be affected by low back pain. Currently, aquatic training is one of the popular methods to treat patients with low back pain. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aquatic training on the kinematic and continuous relative phase trunk-pelvis coordination during gait in patients with chronic back pain. In this quasi-experimental and causal-comparative study, 50 subjects with chronic back pain were divided into control and experimental groups. Noraxon IMU system was used to measure the pelvis and trunk kinematic variables during walking before and after aquatic training. The angular information of the pelvis and trunk was extracted with IMU software. Subsequently, the range of motion and continuous relative phase index were calculated. Following the pretest, the participants underwent three days a week of water walking training lasting eight weeks. Gait speed was increased after each week of gait training. The control group continued their daily activities after the pretest. For statistical analysis, the dependent t-test was used for within-group comparison, and the independent t-test was used for between-group comparison (P≤0.05). The results of this study showed that aquatic training reduces the trunk's range of motion (P<0.05). Aquatic training increased the coordination between the trunk and pelvis, which indicates greater coordination between the trunk and pelvis during walking (P<0.05). Moreover, the variability of coordination decreased significantly within and between groups after training in water (P<0.05). According to the current study's results, eight weeks of water gait training at different speeds reduces the range of motion of the trunk due to the features of aquatic training, such as buoyancy and flow resistance. This decrease in the range of motion balances the movement of the trunk around the pelvis, and consequently, the coordination between these two segments increases. On the other hand, the results of this study pointed to the greater stability of walking of patients with back pain after performing the exercise, indicating that the walking pattern in high repetitions is closer to normal gait.

The trade-off between speed and accuracy in process-oriented tests of fundamental motor skills development has always been a challenge in motor development screening plans. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of using wearable inertial sensors (IMUs) based on artificial intelligence algorithms to assess kicking skill. Thirteen children aged 4 to 10 years (age = 8±1.37) (boys = 58%) participated in this study. The subjects were asked to do at least ten repetitions of the kicking skill according to the TGMD-3. Trials were captured with video recording and three wearable inertial sensors installed on the ankles and lower back. K-Nearest Neighbor artificial intelligence algorithms automatically classified the linear acceleration and angular velocity signals. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated between expert scores and the artificial intelligence algorithm. All tests were done at a 95% confidence interval. The classification accuracy of the KNN algorithm (k=7) for kicking was 95%, ICC =0.90 (CI=0.86-0.95). The scoring time was reduced from 5 minutes per trial (in an expert-oriented way) to less than 30 seconds (using artificial intelligence). As a result, this method was a reliable and practical way to assess the fundamental motor skills. Also, by maintaining relative accuracy, it was possible to reduce test time for research, clinical, sports, and educational purposes.

This study aimed to compare plantar pressure distribution and muscle frequency between hydrodynamic and typical sports shoes. Twelve healthy adult males participated in this experimental study. The hydrodynamic shoe features an outer sole with a pathway for fluid flow. The typical sports shoe with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate soles was used for the comparison. Plantar pressure distribution was measured using the Pedar insole system, and the results were analyzed using Pedar-X software. Electrical muscle activity of the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Palmaris longus, and tibialis anterior were measured using the Myon electromyography system at a 1000Hz sampling rate. Subjects were randomly assigned to wear either hydrodynamic or typical sports shoes and walked through the end of the pathway five times at a self-selected speed. The plantar area was divided into eight regions, and plantar pressure variables were calculated within these areas. The frequency variable includes mean and median frequency, as well as the 99.5th percentile frequency, representing 99.5% of the signal. Additionally, the bandwidth frequency was calculated. Paired t-test was used for statistical comparison (p<0.05). The results indicated considerable pressure reduction in the heel, forefoot, and toe (P<0.05). However, there is no difference in the time and frequency content of muscle activity between conditions. Based on the results, it seems that hydrodynamic shoes could have an important effect on the reduction of plantar pressure without any change in muscle activity during the gait.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of the American Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises on ground reaction forces in people with back pain during running. The current research was semi-experimental and applied research. Using G-Power software, the minimum sample size of 15 people was estimated for each group. The statistical population of this research was men with back pain among the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili in the age range of 20-25 years. A foot scan device (RSScan) with a sampling rate of 300 Hz was used to record plantar pressure variables. An attempt was made to run correctly on the 18-meter track to record the pressure of the soles of the feet. The effect of the group factor in the peak values of the ground reaction force during heel contact with the ground in the internal-external direction was higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (p=0.012; d=0.302). The effect of the group factor in the peak values of the ground reaction force during heel contact with the ground in the anterior-posterior direction was higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (P=0.027; d=0.243). The effect of the group factor in the peak values of the ground reaction force when lifting the foot off the ground in the vertical direction was higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (P=0.005; d=0.360). According to the obtained results, NASM exercises can improve back pain during running by affecting the ground reaction forces.