نشریه پژوهش در مسائل تعلیم و تربیت
شماره 70 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Peace and achieving it is one of the important issues of humanity today. In this regard, various methods and theories have been proposed to achieve peace. One of the contemporary philosophers who has presented his solution based on critical rationality is Karl Popper. In this study, the characteristics of peace based on Popper's critical rationality and methods of peace education based on this theory are examined. Content analysis method is used to examine the characteristics of peace, and inferential analysis method is used to derive principles and methods. Based on the theoretical foundations of Popper's critical rationality, four characteristics for peace including humility, intellectual growth, open society and democracy, and falsifiable are introduced. Then, based on these characteristics, seven principles and seven methods of peace education are introduced. The principles of peace education include respect for others' beliefs, conflict resolution, flexibility, freedom, justice, tolerance, and fallibility. The methods of peace education include critical questioning and answering, critical dialogue, confronting learners with challenging questions, problem-solving method, attention to individual and cultural differences and respecting them, criticism-based inclusive approach method, and error testing method.

The purpose of this article is to identify the discontinuities in the discourse formulations of the teacher training system between the establishment of Dar al-Funun and the establishment of Farhangian University. For this purpose, according to the genealogical method and breaking analysis assumptions into three steps, descent analysis, zero analysis and coincidence analysis of this system have been done. Accordingly, according to descent analysis and zero analysis, the creation of a teacher training system is dependent on the formation of a new education system and has been modified or changed during this period. Coincidence analysis shows the existence of scattered events, each of which has affected the country's teacher training system, such as Iran's defeats against Russia, the victory of the constitutional movement, or global events such as World War II, which have affected this system. In the analysis of power, by examining the statutes and instructions of the teacher training system in this period time, it was determined that from Foucault's point of view, power is trying to control, normalize and shape governed subjects through various techniques with this method. create people's behavior.

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between epistemological beliefs, educational philosophies, and the integration of technology in the classroom of male middle school teachers in Hamedan City. The descriptive research method was a correlation. The statistical population included all male secondary school teachers in Hamadan city, numbering 361 people. The sample size was 186 people using the Karjesi and Morgan table were selected. Data collection tools included Schumer's epistemological beliefs questionnaire (1990), educational philosophies questionnaire (Sadker, 2014), and Schmidt et al.'s technology integration questionnaire (2009). The findings showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the components of simplicity of knowledge, inherent ability to learn, quick learning, and the specificity of technology integration knowledge in the classroom; But there is no significant relationship between the certainty of knowledge and the integration of technology in the classroom. Regarding the relationship between teachers' educational philosophies with their technology integration in the classroom, the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the sub-components of progressivism and existentialism with the integration of technology; However, there is no significant relationship between the sub-components of sustainability, essentialism and reconstructionism with the integration of technology. It was also found that the component of inherent ability to learn from the sub-components related to epistemological beliefs and existentialism and essentialism from the sub-components related to educational philosophies can positively and meaningfully integrate technology by teachers in Predict the Classroom.

Sexual education is necessary in the real growth and development of man to control his instincts and adjust his emotions and natural tendencies. Therefore, explaining the status of parents' education in the field of adolescent sexual health, which was the goal of this research, becomes relevant .This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and based on grounded theory. To collect data, purposive sampling was used and 23 individual interviews and 4 group interviews were conducted. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview guide. The resulting data were coded and themed, and finally the following themes emerged: Parental ignorance and inefficiency in sex education, different transmission of cultural and religious values, the failure of sexual socialization of adolescents and training parents on sexual education for parents as the primary topics. The result showed that parents' ignorance and ineffectiveness in sex education was the result of cultural-social and information barriers and their inappropriate parenting style. Different cultural-religious beliefs of parents conveyed different values to adolescents. In addition, receiving information from various sources, miseducation of parents on sexual health, and limited education led to their failure of sexual socialization of adolescents

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of elementary school architecture on social interaction, creativity and learning of students. This research was based on a qualitative method and by examining documents and researches, in the manner of a case study of the elementary school of Syedbar Jadgal village, Chabahar, in terms of its appearance characteristics and reasons for its special design, considering the social culture of the surrounding environment of the elementary school and its effect on the social interaction, creativity and learning of students. Checked out. Findings were obtained from newspapers and magazines and the interview of the school designer and the pictures of the primary school on the websites. And the analysis of the interviews was done according to the results of related researches. The results showed that the primary school was built completely in line with the social and cultural needs of the village people and increased the interaction of students with each other and their creativity and the number of hours they attend the primary school.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of educational justice in the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the qualitative content analysis research method. The statistical population of the research is the document of the fundamental transformation of education, the national curriculum, the comprehensive scientific map of the country, the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the law of the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which are among the most important official documents in iran. According to the purpose of the research, all documents were studied as the target population and sampling was not used. The identified components of educational justice were finally categorized into 5 overarching general themes, which include attention to justice in curriculum elements, fair empowerment, coverage of all audiences, fair management and distribution of resources, and attention to criticism and strengthening the spirit of justice. Which,These themes include 20 organizing themes and 91 basic themes. In order to achieve educational justice in the design and formulation of programs, attention should be paid to these components so that all learners in all regions of the country can benefit from educational opportunities in a fair way.

Social skills are among the important and fundamental skills that contribute to the progress and improvement of an individual's quality of life. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of Joubert's stories on the social skills of elementary school students in Kermanshah City. This study is semi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population of this research consists of all elementary school students in District One of Kermanshah City who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Two classes from two different schools were randomly selected,  each class consisting of 15 students. One group was assigned as the experimental group, and the other group was assigned as the control group. The research instrument was the Matson Social Skills Questionnaire, and the storybooks were selected from the French author Claire  Joubert and were translated into Persian. Both the experimental and control groups underwent a pretest, followed by an intervention of storytelling sessions for the experimental group over a period of two months and eight sessions. Finally, a posttest was administered to both groups. The results were analyzed using covariance analysis, which showed that Claire Joubert's stories have an impact on enhancing the social skills of elementary school students, including the growth of social skills and skills related to avoiding antisocial behaviors.

Job performance is considered one of the most important components of an organization's success, which is why managers pay special attention to this issue.

 This research aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence and job self-efficacy on job performance with the mediating role of job enthusiasm. The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose, and descriptive correlational in terms of data collection the method. The statistical population consists of all principals of public boys' schools of primary level in Kermanshah city, numbering 90 people in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 73 people were selected by simple random sampling according to Morgan's table. The data measurement tools were standard questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics indicators: confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) approach using smart PLS software were used to analyze the data.

According to the results, all the hypotheses proposed in the research were confirmed.

In general, it can be concluded that the causal model of job performance based on spiritual intelligence and job self-efficacy with the mediating role of job enthusiasm fits with the empirical model.

Youth unemployment and its social consequences in the critical conditions of the country have made entrepreneurial career training an important subject of study for researchers in various disciplines. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the researches and studies conducted in the field of entrepreneurial education in Iran. This research was conducted for the first time in Iran by meta-analysis. The purpose of the current research is to identify the prevailing trends and the content of entrepreneurship vocational education researches, to evaluate the methodology of these researches and to explain a perspective for the promotion of research in this field. To achieve these goals, 35 scientific-research articles in the field of entrepreneurship-vocational-education in the field Entrepreneurial approaches in our country were investigated using the meta-analysis method in six steps. The findings of the research were presented in four sections: overview of previous researches, findings related to research methodology and findings of the research approach, geographical distribution of researches was explained, and at the end, work methods and recommendations were presented. The findings of the research indicate that the focus of the researches on programs and application patterns is limited and they have been examined mostly from the perspective of methodology and content. Researches are mostly theoretical and have not provided educational programs and practical solutions. Applied entrepreneurship training through localization of entrepreneurship job programs at the attitudinal, strategic and operational levels of developed countries like Germany can be the key and executive solution in the field of entrepreneurship.

This article is designed to explore and analyze the conditions for strengthening the normative tendency of young people towards double standards. The main approach in this article is education content knowledge (PCK), which is in the hollow of the integrated and multidimensional theory of social order. The research method, according to the facilities and nature of the research, is mixed field method and the main research report is based on the survey results. In addition, the research sample includes 599 young people in Tehran province. The results of multivariate regression analysis with three relatively different arrangements show how to confirm the research hypotheses. The qualitative and quantitative findings of the research convergently confirm each other and reveal that the generalist normative tendencies are the key to the solidarity of young people's personalities. In addition, different types of desire to the norm of honesty have different effects on respondents' double standards. However, the Intercept of the mathematical model indicates that the respondents' tendency towards the double standard per se is much lower than usual; but their personality cohesion in the education system has been damaged.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting teacher-student communication from the teachers' point of view according to the phenomenological approach. A qualitative and desirable relationship between a teacher and a student is not just a simple and one-sided action and reaction, but a two-way and complete exchange that is formed and built in a context of factors affecting it. The qualitative research method is phenomenology. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 primary school teachers (7 women and 5 men) of public schools in Sari, District 1, who were purposefully selected, in the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on the findings of this study, the three factors of teacher characteristics, student characteristics, and external factors are among the effective factors on the relationship between teacher and student, each of which consists of several categories. Teacher characteristics including (teacher's personality trait, communication style, knowledge and scientific standing of the teacher, teacher's classroom style and teacher's motivation), student characteristics including (student's personality trait, student's academic status, life skills and connection seeking) and the need for attachment and belonging) and external factors include (family, school facilities and meeting the needs of students).