فصلنامه فیزیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی آبزیان
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1403)

Jellyfish venom contains a variety of compounds including several potential therapeutic properties. The present study investigates the venom of Chrysaora hysoscella jellyfish and analyzes its cytotoxic properties. The fractions of  C. hysoscella jellyfish venom were purified using HPLC method, and their molecular weight was determined by SDS-PAGE method. The cytotoxic properties of the fractions were evaluated using the MTT method against HCT116 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines as well as RAW 264.7 normal cells. Based on the obtained results, the raw venom of C. hysoscella had 10 fractions with a molecular weight of 15 to 170 kilodaltons, of which fraction 2 had a strong cytotoxic effect against the studied cancer cell lines. The value of IC50 against HCT116 and Caco-2 cells was 63.21 and 64.36 μg/mL, respectively, while against RAW 264.7 cells, it was 122.88 μg/mL. The obtained results revealed the specific cytotoxic property of fraction 2 against colon cancer cells, while its cytotoxic effect on normal cells was significantly less. These results introduce the fraction 2 as a potential anticancer agent for colon cancer.

Today, green synthesis methods of nanoparticles are increasing. This research was aimed at investigating the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) using Sargassum ilicifolium and Ophiocoma scolopendrina extracts and confirming the protective effect as well as the stability of the cream formulation with cerium oxide nanoparticles against UVR. The obtained products were identified using XRD, TEM, SEM and UV-Vis. Then cream samples were prepared with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 2, 4 and 8% CeO2-NPs. Based on the results, the nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a cubic crystal structure with a size of about 10-12 nm. The peak between 290-320nm corresponded to UVB and the absorption spectrum of the synthesized CeO2-NPs showed absorption peaks at 317 and 315nm wavelengths. Formulation F5 of sunscreen containing nanoparticle synthesized from S. ilicifolium with SPF 25 and critical wavelength (λC) 380.4nm showed the highest protection factor. According to the star rating, it had four stars. The cream formulation was completely homogeneous and stable in the cooling-heating cycle. Also, the pH was close to the pH of human skin. The results of MTT test to investigate the toxicity of CeO2-NPs on HFF cell line, indicated that the treated cells did not show significant toxicity compared to the control. According to the results of this study, CeO2 nanoparticles have the necessary conditions for progress in solar protection technology.

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of Spirulina platensis on the growth performance and composition of Anodonta cygnea carcass. These mussels were caught from Selka area of ​​Anzali lagoon and transferred to the laboratory. After acclimatization, 72 mussels (6 per replicate) with an average weight of 55.80±3.26g were distributed among twelve 3-liter plastic tanks filled with well water. Mussels, during 16 weeks, were fed with four different diets including C: control (green water produced with well water), T1: 70% green water + 30% Spirulina powder solution, T2: 40% green water + 60% Spirulina powder solution and T3: 100 mL Spirulina powder solution. During the feeding period, water temperature was recorded as 17.51±0.45°C. After 8 and 16 weeks, 3 mussels from each tank (replicate) were collected to measure carcass composition including protein, fat, moisture and ash contents. Based on the results, no significant difference was observed in growth indices. Examining the proximate composition of the carcass in week 8 showed the percentage of protein at the beginning of the experiment was significantly lower than T2 and T3 treatments (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the amounts of fat and ash in different treatments (P>0.05). The amount of moisture in the control treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments (P<0.05). Also, after the end of the feeding period (16 weeks), the protein, fat, dry matter and ash contents ​​were significantly more than the beginning of experiment (P<0.05). In conclusion, according to the obtained results, it is recommended to use Spirulina in the diet of Anodonta mussel due to its effect on increasing the amount of carcass protein.

The present study was performed to determine the effect of hCG, Ovaprim, and Ovarim on the efficiency of artificial reproduction in European perch (Perca fluviatilis), as well as the examination of the spermatological parameters of this fish. In the first treatment, hCG was used at 500 IU per kg body weight (BW) of broodstock. In second and third treatments, Ovaprim and Ovarim were used at 0.5mL per kg BW, respectively. The control group was injected with physiological saline at 0.5mL per kg BW. Eighteen female broodstocks with an average weight of approximately 78g were used in each treatment. Male broodstock was induced by injection of hCG at a dose of 250 IU per kg BW. According to the results, the fastest latency time (415.6 degree-hour) was observed in the hCG treatment and showed a significant difference with other treatments (P<0.05). The highest ovulation rate (100%) was observed in hCG and Ovaprim treatments and showed significant differences with Ovarim and control groups (P<0.05). The experimental treatments did not show any significant differences in other parameters (P>0.05). Based on the results, the mean volume of semen, spermatozoa activity, motility time and spermatocrit value of European perch were 2.9±1.7mL, 91.1±13.4%, 84.4±18.6s and 68.3±9.4%, respectively. Results of this study showed that hCG is more suitable than Ovaprim and Ovarim for the induction of spawning and artificial reproduction of European perch. Due to the more favorable effects of hCG, it is recommended to use this hormone in spawning induction and artificial reproduction of European perch broodstock.

This study aimed to investigate the catch composition, length frequency, fishing effort and distribution of Sepia pharaonis caught by pot in the fishing grounds of Ramin and Konarak (Sistan and Baluchestan Province). During October, November, December, and January 2021, 387 specimens were collected in depths of 20 to 40 meters in Ramin and 368 specimens were collected in Konarak. In the Ramin region, the highest number (129 specimens) and the highest range of length (17.3-40.6cm) and weight (367.3-3847.5g) were observed in January. The highest number of squids caught belonged to the length class of 24.8-27.2cm (54 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class 39.8-42.2cm (2 specimens). In the Konarak region, the highest number was observed in January (113 specimens), and the highest ranges of length (18.2-41.2cm) and weight (426.17-3886.24g) were observed in October. The highest number of caught squid belonged to the length class of 29.3-32cm (49 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class of 39.9-42.4cm (6 specimens). In the Ramin region showed that 14 species were caught in October, 11 species in November, 14 species in December and 16 species in January. Also, in Konarak, 16 species were caught in October, 15 species in November, 13 species in December and 16 species in January. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in the Ramin region, were 0.2085, 2.6422, and 0.9791, respectively. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in Konarak, were 0.17038, 2.6962, and 0.9842 respectively. Comparison of CPUE values showed that the highest values in these two regions were observed in January and the lowest values were observed in October. The results of this study have enhanced comprehension of the population dynamics of Sepia pharaonis in these fishing grounds and provide valuable insights into the ecological conditions of the studied areas.

Today, oil pollution has evolved into a global environmental concern. One of the methods for mitigating this pollution is the use of biological approaches, especially microorganisms, known for their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, rendering them particularly popular among various methods. This study aimed to explore the potential growth of oil-degrading bacteria in oil-contaminated soils, as well as their ability to remove crude oil. Based on bacterial growth rates in the presence of crude oil and hydrocarbon degradation capabilities, two strains, Sludge C and SHA, were selected from among 13 isolates obtained from oil-contaminated soil near the Shiraz refinery. Subsequently, they were assessed for oil degradation using spectrophotometry and gas chromatography methods. Results indicated that Sludge C and SHA possess oil consumption abilities of 64.4% and 84.2%, respectively, within 7 days. Gas chromatography analysis highlighted SHA's remarkable capability in removing short, medium, and long-chain hydrocarbons. Molecular identification confirmed the affiliation of this strain with the genus and species Acinetobacter junii. With its high oil consumption potential, this strain holds promise for efficient utilization in environmental remediation and industry.

Henna plants (Lawsonia inermis) and copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) are used for healing and repairing skin wounds due to their antibiotic and antifungal properties. For this purpose, 500 pieces of Siberian sturgeons with an average weight of 15±1.2g were used. First, the acute toxicity (LC50) and then the maximum permissible concentration (MAC) were determined. To experiment, five treatments with three replications were designed. In treatments 1 to 4, doses equal to henna MAC value and amounts equal to 25%, 50%, and 75% of MAC were used. In treatment 5, copper sulfate at the concentration of 0.07 mg/L was used to compare. Fish were affected by compounds with determined concentrations for 4 days (96 hours). The results showed that henna plant extract performed better than copper sulfate in indicators such as white blood cell count, stress reduction, and liver enzyme activity. Finally, the present study showed that henna plant extract performed better and can be used as a suitable substitute for copper sulfate for disinfection in Siberian sturgeon farms. Also, the results showed that henna plant extract has negative effects on the blood and biochemical indices of Siberian sturgeon.