فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 93 (تابستان 1403)

Well-being in its macro sense can be the result of national efforts of a society, which is achieved by policy making and implementation of social and economic programs. The current research study was conducted with the aim of designing a welfare governance model.

The present research is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) study and exploratory type was employed. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was the experts of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and the Social Security Organization of the country. In the quantitative part, based on Cochran’s formula, among 600 people, 386 people were selected by stratified random method. A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Long-term engagement technique was also used to check the validity of the questionnaire in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part of the research, the face and construct validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were checked using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The obtained information was used in the qualitative part of the theme analysis method and MAXQDA software, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation model and Smart PLS 2 software were used.

The results showed that the governance model consists of 109 open codes, 20 central codes and five selective codes under the headings of cultural/social, economic, political/security, public health, and governance factors.

It seems that by recognizing the effective factors on welfare governance and providing the necessary conditions for welfare governance, the level of well-being of citizens can be improved.

Social welfare is always one of the important topics in developed and developing countries, and they assume it as an effective factor to examine the performance of policymakers and economic planners, which can be influenced by many factors. One of the factors affecting conditions of people’s life is urbanization and migration from rural areas to cities.

In this research, the non-linear effect of urbanization on the welfare of the people living in diverse provinces of Iran has been investigated in the period of 2011-2019. In addition to the urbanization, other variables, such as the average household income and the employment level of adults have also been studied.

The results of the research by using the dynamic panel data approach indicate that there is an inverted U relationship between urbanization and social welfare. In other words, with the increase of urbanization, the welfare level increases at first, but after reaching a maximum level, it declines Other variables were also used, such as average household income and adult employment level, and it was found that there was again a positive and direct relationship with social welfare, and increasing them resulted in growth of welfare too.

It is clear living in cities will not necessarily increase the level of welfare; therefore, in order to prevent the migration of villagers to cities and the increase of marginalization and the overshadowing of the well-being of people living in cities, the level of health facilities, education, employment, and general well-being at the level of villages and non-urban areas should be improved.

Happiness is important in both individual and social dimensions because it is one of the basic factors that affect behavior, actions, efficiency, physical and mental health, as well as development and social welfare. Religiosity is one of the most important variables affecting happiness. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect size of religiosity on happiness.

The present research is based on the meta-analysis method. The materials of this research consists of all the scientific research studies conducted in Iran regarding the relationship between religiosity and happiness during the years 2008 to 2021, which is indexed in one of the scientific databases such as scientific information databases (Sid), Noor specialized journal website (Noormags), Information database of Iran’s publication (Magiran) and Iranian research institute for information science and technology (Irandoc). Among the 29 research documents that were found, seven research studies met the conditions and selection criteria and entered the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software.

In the first step, publication bias and homogeneity of studies were examined. The statistical tests used in this section indicate the lack of publication bias and the heterogeneity of the studies. In the next step, the effect size of religiosity on happiness was evaluated and was found to be 0.277, which according to Cohen’s interpretation system is regarded as “small”. The sensitivity analysis test shows that by removing only one of the studies, the effect size of religiosity on happiness changes to 0.303, which is evaluated as “moderate” based on Cohen’s interpretation system.

The findings show that although religiosity provides a suitable basis for happiness through giving coherence, giving hope, giving meaning to life, etc. however, the relationship between religiosity and happiness is not linear and causal, and several possible mediating factors affect it, and the effect of these relationships should also be examined separately.

Children’s happiness is influenced by family relationships. Children’s daily interactions with their parents are now seen as a factor in their development. At the same time, the family is considered the most important field for children’s growth. The aim of the current research is to study the strategies of women who are the head of the household and non-head of the household in creating happiness in the family environment.

The present research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. Also, data was collected with 40 semi-structured interviews in Yazd city; 20 of the sample women was non-headed and 20 were female heads of the household. Also, targeted sampling with maximum variety was done. After collecting the data, coding was done with six steps of thematic analysis.The results showed that non-custodial women experienced the three final themes of affectionate parenting, self-satisfaction and holistic femininity.

Meanwhile, the female heads of the household had experienced the two final themes under the title of overall happiness and failure in happiness. As a matter of fact, female guardians try beyond their ability to meet the all-round needs of their children to create happiness in the family. According to the collected data, non-custodial women acted stronger in creating happiness in the family environment despite having a husband. But the female head of the household had to fill in the absence of the wife and sometimes she was unsuccessful in creating happiness.

It is concluded that the happiness of women and family can strengthen the morale in the family environment and subsequently promote the motivation of growth and development because happiness, as one of the dimensions of social development, is considered important to achieve the development of society.

As one of the most vulnerable and sensitive sections of the society who live in foster care centers, orphaned and poorly supervised children and adolescents, in addition to the specific problems of adolescence due to deprivation from family and living conditions in this environment, face additional problems. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing and identifying the obstacles and challenges of teenage girls in foster care centers to start an independent life.

The current study is a qualitative research study. The participants of the research are female teenagers who spent part of their lives in foster care centers and were finally discharged to independent life and they are already familiar with all the detalails of living in such centers. The sampling method has also been done in a purposeful way based on the criterion of information saturation with 15 people from among the people with the age range of 19 to 22 years old, and 10 experts in this field using semi-structured interviews.

Data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. Seven main themes were obtained from the data analysis, which included low flexibility of related laws and guidelines, lack of comprehensive planning in meeting needs, shaky living conditions, lack of comprehensive support, material barriers, disconnection from society, and individual indicators.

The results of this research show that the teenagers in foster care centers, they face fewer obstacles and challenges to start and continue a successful independent life, that the lifestyle in the centers is more similar to the natural conditions of the family, and from other regular and comprehensive support should be taken into onsideration for every teenager before leaving the center.

Social well-being is considered as one of the important dimensions of health among special groups such as blind and visually-impaired individuals, which due to the lack of access to visual information and extensive social interactions with other people, is first rooted in their mental perceptions of the concept of health. This research is a theoretical and experimental study of the social well-being of the blind and visually-impaired individuals in Kashan city and the identification of factors related to it.

This research was conducted through a survey questionnaire and the investigated statistical population included 652 blind and partially sighted people of Kashan, out of which 211 people were selected as the statistical sample using the Sample Power Software.

The results of the multivariate regression analysis show the direct effect of the variables “mental health”, “social security”, and “social abilities” on “social well-being”, which in total explained 53% of the variance of the social well-being of blind and partially sighted people in Kashan city. Also, the results of the evaluation of the structural model indicate that the effect size of the “mental health” variable is at a high level, while other variables are at a low level. In addition, the predictive power of the model has been evaluated at a moderate to high level.

Overall, the results indicate that the mean score of the social well-being variable of the blind and partially sighted is higher than the theoretical mean score. Based on the experimental findings of the research, especially the average amount of the variables as well as the confirmed hypotheses, it is possible to define and implement plans to improve or promote social well-being among this group.

Physical and sports activities have a pivotal and special position in human health because they both promote metabolic activities and cardiovascular functions and improve psychological well-being.

This research was conducted with the purpose of  the role of motivation of participating in sports activities  in the social well-being and social identity of female students of the junior high school in the rural areas of Jajarm County.  . According to the purpose, this research is of an applied type, and in terms of the method of data collection and analysis, it is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population in this research consists of  200  students of the junior high school in Jajarm city. The sampling method in this research is simple random sampling based on Morgan’s table. Based on Morgan's table, 127  people were selected as sample.  Questionnaires  were  completed in person and online. In this research, sports participation motivation tools, social well-being Keys, and social identity were used. Also, in order to test the research hypotheses, simple linear regression and Pearson correlation were also employed.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between sports participation  motivation and social well-being. Also, according to the unstandardized regression coefficient, it can be said that for one unit change in sports participation motivation, unit change in social well-being occurs. However, no significant relationship was observed between the motivation of  participating sports  activities and social identity (p = 0.765).  and social identity  and the results of the unstandardized coefficient obtained from the regression were 0.261, which was not statistically significant.

According to these results, it can be stated that the motivation to participate in sports activities is a predictor of social well-being, but it does not predict the social identity of students..

As indicated by review of related literature it canbe said that The development of economic activities through innovation and entrepreneurship seems to affect the quality of life of villagers. In the present study, entrepreneurial and innovative projects that have been implemented in the villages of Nazarabad in various fields were examined. This study aimed to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness of economic activities in improving the quality of life of villagers in the villages of Nazarabad in Hashtgerd.

The research method was a mixed-method, in which the grounded theory was used in the qualitative part, and the correlation method was used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of this study was all villagers in the suburbs of Nazarabad city of Alborz province in 2020, and 323 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha, and it was 0.87.

The results showed that entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness have a significant relationship with the overall score of quality of life and economic, social, and environmental components of quality of life. In addition, entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness together account for 35% of changes in the quality of life of villagers. Analyses show that entrepreneurship has a greater impact on both the overall score of quality of life and the economic and socio-environmental components than that of innovation.

According to the obtained results, it is suggested to facilitate the establishment of non-governmental organizations supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in rural areas.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on high-risk behaviors and resilience of students with experience of injury in Raz and Jarglan cities.

The current research is semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research is all secondary school students in Raz and Jorglan cities. The research sample included 40 students who were selected from among the students with a history of self-harm using a purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. After that, the experimental group was taught mindfulness skills once a week for an hour and a half and in total 10 sessions. Research data was collected through the Conner and Davidson’s resilience scale (2003) as well as the risk of Iranian adolescents using Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmad Abadi’s (2008) scale. After the last training session was completed, the same post -test conditions were implemented at the same time for the two groups of experimental and control. And the data obtained was analyzed via multi -variable analysis (MANCOVA).

The obtained results confirm the effect of mindfulness training on increasing resilience and reducing risky behaviors and its components in the experimental group.

It can be said that managers are like parents in the family, and their personality, behavior and performance can play a significant role in the productivity of employees, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the personality and behavioral characteristics of people in choosing management positions in organizations.

  Due to the extensive social and demographic changes in Iran’s society in recent years, including the increase in the age of marriage and divorce, addiction, immigration, disability, retirement, and the feminization of old age, the number of female heads of households has increased. Therefore, how the legislator and organizations in charge of empowering women heads of the household deal with is one of the most important factors affecting the empowerment of these women.

This research, which was carried out qualitatively and by reviewing documents, tried to check what the concept of female head of household and empowerment is based on in the laws and regulations, what role is defined for each of the custodian organizations in this field? and which capabilities (welfare, access, awareness, participation, balance between men and women) and achievements (material, psychological and social) have been targeted.

The results showed that although the exact definition of empowerment is the empowerment of women in social relationships and structures, such a definition has not been placed on the agenda. The legislator’s attitude towards the role of trustee organizations is based on a supportive approach, not empowerment. From the legislator’s point of view, female guardianship is considered a harm, and while ignoring women’s right to choose, they tend to encourage women to leave this situation and remarry. The legislator’s emphasis is only on welfare capabilities and material achievements, and other capabilities and achievements are neglected.

Because of this, most of the empowerment programs have been defined on the axis of employment and entrepreneurship, and other aspects of empowerment have been considered only in a secondary way or have been completely forgotten or denied. In the empowerment programs of women heads of households, instead of comprehensive targeting and taking action to change the space and environment of these women and the stereotypes and social relations that cause their disability, each of these women has been targeted individually.