فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 74 (تابستان 1403)

The present study was conducted to investigate The effectiveness of Unified Trans-Diagnostic Treatment on health promotion behaviors and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes. The research method was semi experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a 3 month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included people with type 2 diabetes, members of the Diabetes Association, who referred to Bushehr medical centers and clinics in the first half of 2023. 35 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (18 people) and control groups (17 people). The experimental group received ten ninty-minute sessions of Unified Trans-Diagnostic Treatment during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires included Health Promotion Behaviors Questionnaire (Walker et al, 1987) and Self-Care Questionnaire (Galiana et al, 2015). The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance Analysis via SPSS23 software. The results showed that Unified Trans-Diagnostic Treatment has significant effect on the health promotion behaviors (F=47.85; Eta=0.59; P<0/001) and self-care (F=52.15; Eta=0. 61; P<0/001) of patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that Unified Trans-Diagnostic Treatment can be used as an efficient method to improve health promotion behaviors and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes through employing techniques such as identifying emotions, training emotional awareness, diagnostic reevaluation, identifying emotion avoidance models and investigating the behaviors resulting from emotion.

During switching from the dominant language into the non-dominant language, cognitive-related areas (i.e. caudate nucleus) are engaged in comprehending intra-sentential switches. The caudate nucleus is a component of the basal ganglia in the human brain which seems to be most implicated in the control of language (selection/inhibition). In a recent fMRI study, present authors detected the activation of the caudate nucleus specifically by the first language (L1) stimuli of bilinguals during a bilingual task at whole-brain level. Here, we explore the activation patterns of bilateral caudate nucleus in both L1 and L2 using a ROI-based approach. Therefore, the percentage of signal change for grammatical and ungrammatical stimuli in L1 and L2 was extracted as the intensity measure per participant. Thirty-six Turkish-Persian bilinguals (21 women) who had acquired their L2 at the age of 7 were selected. Based on the Bilingual Dominance Scale, there was no significant difference between the proficiency level of participants in L1 (Turkish) and L2 (Persian). Participants carried out an auditory grammaticality judgment task in an alternating language switching paradigm while fMRI images were acquired. ROI-based results confirmed the grammaticality effect only in L1 and the left caudate nucleus. We suggest that co-activation is modulated by linguistic constraints such as predictability and sentence context of the task, and that the caudate nucleus mainly contributed in language selection.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between exposure to domestic violence & depression with the mediation of sleep problems and moderation of self-compassion among girl adolescents. This is descriptive correlational research. The study population included all girl adolescents aged 13 to 16 who were student in Tehran in 1402, 223 people were selected as a sample using convenience sampling method, and responded to the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (Edleson, 2008), The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (Leblanc et al., 2002), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes et al., 2011) & Mini Sleep Questionnaire (Zomer, 1985). Pearson correlation and multiple regression Hayes (Models 4 & 7) in SPSS24 were used to analyze the data. The results showed that sleep problems mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and depression, and the relation of exposure to domestic violence and depression with mediation of sleep problems is moderated by self-compassion. Therefore, adolescents with high levels of self-compassion experience less sleep problems when exposure to domestic violence and as a result may be less depressed. These findings are useful for understanding the complex mechanism of exposure to domestic violence effects on depression and have practical implications for preventive and therapeutic interventions for adolescents' depression.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based art therapy on the regulation of emotion and anxiety in nursing women with anxiety symptoms in Ahvaz city. The present study was a qusi- experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all nurses with anxiety symptoms in hospitals affiliated to Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. By using a convenience sampling method, 24 subjects with anxiety scores between 16 and 25 were selected and divided into two groups of 12 controls and experimentals. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used collect data. Both groups were evaluated by research tools three times before, after and 2 months follow-up. The collected data analyzed by using multivariate covarance analyzing and SPSS-23 software. Considering the efficacy of Mindfulness Based on art therapy on Emotion regulation and anxiety, we suggested that this treatment with other treatment operate for Nursing women anxious.

The purpose of this study was to comparison the effectiveness of self-determination training and successful intelligence training on intrinsic motivation and academic optimism of female students with high academic burnout. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all male students in Rashat city in academic year of 2022-2023. In the first stage, 60 students were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 20 students) and one control group (20 students) were replaced and experimental groups underwent self-determination training and successful intelligence training, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data third dimension of burnout scale (TDBS) of Breso and et al (2007), academic motivation scale (AMS) of Vallerand and et al (1992) and academic optimism scale (AOS) of Tschannen‐Moran and et al (2013). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni. The results of the study showed that of both interventions had a significant effect on intrinsic motivation and academic optimism (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that successful intelligence training is more effective (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that self-determination training and successful intelligence training can be used as a treatment method to on academic problems of students with high academic burnout in schools.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of domestic violence-focused couple therapy on marital violence, sexual arousal syndrome and marital burnout of couples referring to counseling centers. The statistical population of the research is all the couples who referred to Ahvaz counseling centers in the first half of 2021. Finally, 3 couples (6 people) from this society entered the treatment period according to the entry criteria and confession of marital violence. The sampling method in this research was purposeful and a single-case experimental design of the type of asynchronous multiple baseline designs was used. In order to collect data, questionnaire of violence against spouses (Haj Yahya, 2009), questionnaire of marital exhaustion (Pines, 2003) and various sexual questionnaires (Halbert, 1992) were used. The treatment package (couple therapy on domestic violence) was applied to all participants in 12 intervention sessions and 4 baseline stages. Subjects were analyzed by questionnaires before treatment and in sessions 4, 8, 12 and 45 days and 3 months follow-up. The answers were analyzed by visual drawing method, stable change index and recovery percentage formula. The results showed that the overall recovery percentage of couples after the intervention of couples therapy on domestic violence at the end of the treatment and also at the 45-day and 3-month follow-up stages was at a significant level (p<0.05). Therefore, this couple therapy approach reduced domestic violence and marital exhaustion and increased sexual arousal symptoms of couples, and the follow-up results indicated the continuation of the effect of this treatment over time.

Chronic pain is a rapidly growing chronic condition worldwide which can be the cause or effect of a wide range of psychological symptoms of patients. The aim of this research is to predict functional disability based on health-promoting lifestyle, psychological distress, and emotional adjustment with the mediating role of experiential avoidance in patients with chronic pain. The present research is of descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population consists of all patients referring to Iran’s Rheumatology Center and Farhikhtegan Hospital in April-September 2022 with the diagnosis of chronic pain. Sampling method was purposive, whereby considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 130 subjects were chosen. For data collection, Jones & Rudwalt self-handicapping, Walker’s et al. health-promoting lifestyle, Kessler et al. psychological distress, Rubio et al. emotional adjustment, Bond et al. acceptance and action scales have been used. The collected data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels, with the research model evaluated using path analysis technique. A significant relationship was found between all predictor variables, as well as experiential avoidance and functional disability (P<0.05). A significant correlation was also found between the independent variables of psychological distress, emotional adjustment and experiential avoidance as intervening variable (P<0.05). The mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between emotional adjustment and functional disability was confirmed (P<0.05).  No significant association was observed between health-promoting lifestyle, psychological distress and experiential avoidance (P>0.05). The research findings have been in line with the research models. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that functional disability along the life span occurs with pain in patients, and the intensity of disability can be affected by other mentioned psychological variables.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of psychological capital training on the perceived stress and psychological coherence in elderly caregivers. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design and Two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was made up of elderly caregivers of centers under the supervision of the Ministry of Health in Tehran in 2022. 36 elderly caregiver were selected through available sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of psychological capital training during two-and-a-half-months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) and Psychological Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (Flensborg, Ventegodt, Merrick, 2006). The collected data were analyzed through Covariance via SPSS23 software. The results showed that psychological capital training has significant effect on the perceived stress (P<0/001; Eta=0.59; F=36.79) and psychological coherence (P<0/001; Eta=0.61; F=40.32)  in elderly caregivers. According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that psychological capital training can be used as an efficient method to decrease the perceived stress and increase psychological coherence in elderly caregivers by using basic concepts such as self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience.

Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI), which is identified as intentional injury to the body, is influenced by both proximal and dismal factors. The multiplicity of factors during their developmental period causes their main impact to the predecessor of these people. This study aimed to investigate the proximal risk factors of NSSI, using a qualitative method and thematic analysis. Research data has been collected from semi-structured interviews with 21 young people aged 17 to 29 and analyzed using of MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the goals of the research by using the theme analysis method, the basic themes were extracted from the text of the interviews, then from the combination of these basic themes, 3 overshadowing themes with the titles "Abondened  Self Self" was extracted and at the end “Disgusted self” was extracted from the combination of the above organizing themes with the severely damaged predecessor as an overarching theme. In order to validate the data, the methods of peer review and participant review were used. Based on the findings, the negative view of oneself and in fact the self-image is of particular importance in the occurrence of self-mutilation disorder without suicidal intent.

Mathematics learning disorder is associated with impaired cognitive function. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of multisensory instruction on processing speed, working memory and visual-motor coordination of children with mathematics learning disorder. The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all children with mathematics learning disorders from the second to the fifth grade who referred to learning disorder centers in Rasht city in the academic year of 2022-2023. The sample size purposefully included 30 children who received the diagnosis of mathematical learning disorder, who were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (experimental and control groups). The research tools include the fourth version of the Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale (2003) to evaluate processing speed and working memory, the Iran Kemet diagnostic test (1988), the Bandar Gestalt visual-motor skills test (1938) and the Raven progressive matrices test (1936). The data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of covariance) statistics. The findings of the research showed that multisensory Instruction had a significant effect on processing speed and working memory and visual-motor coordination of mathematics learning disorder. Therefore, multisensory instruction can be used to reduce the problems of children with mathematics learning disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate structural equation modeling of sexual function based on sleep quality with mediating role of distress tolerance in menopause women with type 2 diabetes. The present research is the correlation. The statistical population in this research included postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran city in year 2023. The sample size was selected based on Kline model (2023) and with convenience sampling of 300 people. Data collection tools included the female sexual function index (FSFI-6) of Isidori and et al (2010), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) of Buysse and et al (1989) and distress tolerance scale (DTS) of Simons and Gaher (2005). Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS and AMOS-28 software. The findings showed that the direct effect of sleep quality and distress tolerance were significant on sexual function. Also, the results showed that distress tolerance has a mediating role in relationship between sleep quality with sexual function. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/056, P-value<0/05) and analyses also revealed that %90 of variance of sexual function was explained by sleep quality through the mediating role of distress tolerance. Therefore, it is concluded that sleep quality affect the distress tolerance and cause defects in the sexual function of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, so it is suggested to reduce their sexual function in psychological interventions for these women.

Early maladaptive schemas are persistent cognitive patterns that are associated with a number of psychological problems. Research shows that these schemas can be associated with relationship problems between couples. The aim of this study was meta-analyze the researches in the field of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between couples. A total of 47 initial researches were selected based on entry criteria from articles and dissertations in the country. The summary effect sizes of the random model by separating positive and negative indicators in the relationships between couples were obtained -0.115 and 0.214. Due to the high amount of heterogeneity, the effect sizes were analyzed separately for different schemas. In negative indicators, respectively, the largest effect sizes were seen in negativity/ pessimism, impaired Limits and general variables of early maladaptive schemas and in positive indicators, the largest effect size with general variable of early maladaptive schemas, subjugation and abandonment / instability. The largest effect size was observed on overall intimacy between couples and emotional divorce. The implications of this meta-analysis emphasize the average effects of early maladaptive schemas on various indicators in the relationship between couples.

In today's world, where progress and achievement are considered among individual values, it is necessary to have self-evaluation criteria and indicators, but sometimes these self-evaluations go beyond normal and become harmful. In other words, the desire to be perfect, having high standards and critical evaluations of one's own performance, and high sensitivity to mistakes become prominent features of the person. This maladaptive perfectionism is also common in athletes and acts as an obstacle for their effective performance. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification on the perfectionism and resilience of perfectionist student athletes. The research method in this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included perfectionist athlete students of the Persian Gulf University in the academic year of 1401-1402, who were identified based on the criteria of the multidimensional perfectionism questionnaire. The research sample included 40 perfectionist student athletes who were selected by random sampling and were placed in two experimental and control groups using the random assignment method. The cognitive bias modification intervention program was conducted using the dot probe task (exploring the dot), individually, and during 8 sessions of 30 to 40 minutes. In order to investigate the research hypotheses, univariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that the intervention program aimed at modification of cognitive bias, while reducing the amount of perfectionistic cognitive bias (P<0.05) and the dimensions of students' perfectionism (P<0.05), led to an increase in some components of resilience, including hardiness, purposefulness, control and spirituality (P<0.05). perfectionistic cognitive bias modification provides the opportunity for athletes to have a more realistic assessment of their abilities and performance, and to be more resilient in the face of problems and challenges.

This research was conducted with the aim of testing the moderating model of gender in the relationship between the perceived social support and suicide attitude in university students. In this correlational research, 217 participants (108 male and 109 female) who were selected through convenience sampling method from the statistical community of undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University, answered the questions of the assessment package. Participants responded to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet& Farley, 1988) and the Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire (Kurz& Moller, 1984). In order to test the causal model of moderating effects, the statistical method of hierarchical regression analysis was used. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that while each of the variables of the sources of support experiences and gender, separately, statistically, significantly predicted the suicide attitude, the regression weights related to the interactive path of the sources of support and gender, in the prediction suicide attitude was not statistically significant. Overall, the results of this research provided additional evidence in defense of the functional characteristics of gender-independent support experiences in the context of self-harm behaviors among college students. In this research, the results consistent with the other pieces of information showed that the perception of supportive experiences through improvement in the coping resources of male and female students, protects them in the same way, against resorting to self-harm choices.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of defense mechanisms and perfectionism in the relationship between ego strength and job adjustment of nurses. The statistical population of this research was the employees of public hospitals in Karaj who were working in 2023. 250 nurses from the public hospitals of Karaj city were selected from among the research population and with the purpose sampling. The data of the research was collected by using Ego Strength Questionnaire (ESS), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TPMS) and Job Adjustment Questionnaire (JAQ). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation method in SPSS version 25 and Mplus version 8.3 software. The research findings show that ego strength positively and significantly predicts job adjustment. The results also showed that defense mechanisms and perfectionism mediate the relationship between ego strength and job adjustment. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that ego strength through defense mechanisms and perfectionism can predict the level of job adjustment in nurses.

Mothers of children with autism face special challenges in regulating emotions and interacting with their children and need training and planning. The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of incredible years program on behavioral emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers of children with autism in Shahreza in Isfahan in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample size was 20 mothers who were selected by convenience sampling method from rehabilitation center of children with autism. Each group consist of 10 individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All subjects completed the behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (Kraaij and Garnefski, 2019) as a pre-test. The experimental group was trained with incredible years program for 12 sessions, but the control group used the center common program. After that, both groups participated in a post-test. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that incredible years program has a significant effect on the seeking distraction (Z=-2.26, P=0.023), withdrawing (Z=-2.68, P=0.007), actively approaching (Z=-4.00, P=0.001) and seeking social support (Z=-3.4, P=0.001) for behavioral emotion regulation of mothers of children with autism. The results indicated that the incredible years program, focusing on parent-child interaction, self-efficacy and recognition of one’s own and others’ emotions, can be used as a useful and effective method to improve the behavioral emotion regulation of mothers of children with autism.

Due to the importance of education in today's societies, school anxiety has been considered as a problem in the field of mental health of students. The purpose of this research was to present a model for predicting school anxiety based on schema modes difficulty in emotion regulation with the mediating role of distress tolerance in female students of the second year of high school in Ilam city. The method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all female students of the second year of high school in Ilam city in the academic year 2021-2022, which according to the education statistics, their number was 3521 in the form of 16 schools. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, the sample size of 361 people was selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, the distress tolerance questionnaire of Simmons and Gaher (2005), the difficulty in regulating emotions questionnaire of Gratz and Romer (2004), the schema modes questionnaire of Lobstal et al. (2010) and the Phillips school anxiety questionnaire (1987) were used. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between schema modes and difficulty in regulating emotions and distress tolerance with school anxiety (p<0.01). Also, the research model has a favorable fit, and schema modes and difficulty in emotion regulation directly and with the mediation of distress tolerance have an impact and predictably on school anxiety in students (RMSEA=0.073, GFI=0.906, CFI=0.921, NFI=0.913). It is concluded that students who have inconsistent schema modes and have difficulty in regulating their emotions, are not able to bear distress in challenging school situations and as a result suffer from anxiety.

Autism disorder as a neuro-developmental disorder is always associated with weaknesses in memory and mental retention in children with this disorder. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive intervention on explicit and implicit memory and ability. Mental maintenance was performed in children with autism. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the children with autism disorder in 2023 to the medical centers in Tehran. Among them, 30 children were purposefully selected and randomly placed in two experimental groups (15) and control (15). Computer-based cognitive intervention was given individually in 10 sessions of 50 minutes during four weeks on the experimental group. Done. Accomplished. If the control group did not receive any intervention in the field of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation. Research tools included open and latent memory tests and mental fluid maintenance task. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis tests in SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that computer-based cognitive intervention was significant in improving explicit and implicit memory and mental maintenance in children with autism (p<0.001). Considering that one of the most important goals of education and rehabilitation of children with autism is their cognitive improvement. The use of computer-based cognitive intervention will be useful for improving their explicit and implicit memory and their ability to keep their minds.

The aim of the present study was to determine the structural relationships of mindfulness and emotional literacy with marital intimacy through emotional expressiveness and emotion regulation. This study was conducted with a correlational method. The population of the study consisted of married university students in Tabriz city in the academic year of 2022-2023, and at least 2 years had passed since their marriage. Therefore, using convenience sampling, 384 couples were selected and to collect data, Brook and Butman Marital Intimacy Questionnaire, Iranian Family Psychological Functions Scale (IFPFS), Kentucky Mindfulness Questionnaire, King and Emmons Emotional Expression Questionnaire. EEQ) were used. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings showed that the direct effect of mindfulness, emotional literacy, emotional expressiveness, and emotion regulation on marital intimacy was significant, and emotional expressiveness and emotion regulation could mediate the relationship between mindfulness and emotional literacy with marital intimacy (p<0.05). These findings have practical implications in clinical interventions, which are discussed in detail.

Aging is one of the most important stages of human life, during which people face a wide range of physiological and psychological changes. Among these changes, issues such as death anxiety and loneliness are important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on death anxiety and loneliness in the elderly. The design of the current research was semi-experimental in the pre-test-post-test manner with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Mehrgan Asylum in Kermanshah in 1401, of which 45 eligible people were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to three groups by considering the entry and exit criteria. The instrument of research was the Cult-Lester’s death anxiety questionnaire and Dashiri feeling of loneliness. The interventions of the two groups were carried out in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and twice a week. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and multivariate analysis of covariance tests and BENFERRONI’S post hoc tests with a probability value of 0/05. The results showed that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment and the therapy based on mindfulness were effective in reducing the death anxiety and loneliness of these elderly people (P=0/000). Also, no significant difference was observed between the two treatments (p=1). According to the results of the research, it can be said that the use of these treatment methods is useful and effective in improving the death anxiety and loneliness of the elderly.

The aim of the present study was to present a structural model of panic disorder based on early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity and mentalization. The research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all people suffering from panic disorder who visited psychological and counseling clinics in Tehran in 2023. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 132 of these people who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Yang's (2005) primary maladaptive schema questionnaires, Reiss and Peterson's (1985) anxiety sensitivity, Dimitrovich's mentalization (2017) and Leibowitz's panic disorder (1984) were used. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS26 and AMOS24 software were used. The predictor variable of primary maladaptive schemas directly (β = 0.39) and indirectly with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity and mentalization (β = 0.15), (β = 0.12) on panic disorder. The effect was positive and significant (p < 0.01). Also, anxiety sensitivity and mentalization had a direct effect (β=0.45), (β=0.49) on panic disorder (p<0.01). The results of the research indicated that the initial maladaptive schemas can be a strong predictor of panic disorder, and anxiety sensitivity and mentalization as mediating variables are part of the influencing process in the formation of panic disorder symptoms. It is recommended to hold training workshops in the field of primary maladaptive schemas, anxiety sensitivity and mentalization, and also therapeutic interventions should address these factors.

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of the effectiveness of hypoventilation therapy and emotion regulation training on Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion processingin women with panic disorder (PD) in Ardabil. This semi-experimental study was carried out using pre-test and post-test with control group from all patients suffering panic disorder (PD) who referred to SeyedHatami Ardabil Health Comprehensive Centers in summer and Fall 2019, 45 patients were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly placed into 3 equal experimental and control groups. The Experimental groups exposed to hypoventilation therapy and emotion regulation training while control group received none. Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion processing Questionnaires were used as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test and bonferoni post hoc. The results showed that there were significant differences anxiety sensitivity and emotion processing scores of the experimental and the control groups. Results of the follow-up test indicated that no effective wad observed in the mean scores of anxiety sensitivity and emotion processing (P=0/001). According to the finding of the present study, hypoventilation therapy and emotion regulation training can be used as an effective method to reduction Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion processing of women with panic disorder.

The aim of this study was the structural equations modeling of pathological dimensions of personality, emotional schemas and Cinderella syndrome with an attitude towards extramarital relationships in female students of Gilan University. The method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The research community included all students of Gilan University in the academic year 2021-2022. The number of 340 people was selected with the purposeful sampling method and using the questionnaires of Krueger et al. personality dimensions (2012), Leahy's emotional schemas (2002), Yeniceri & Kokdemir (2006) tendency towards extramarital relationships and Demir et al. (2021) Cinderella syndrome were evaluated. Data analysis was done by SPSS25 and AMOS24 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the pathological dimensions of personality, emotional schemas and Cinderella syndrome in the tendency to extramarital relationships. The results of structural modeling also indicated that the pathological dimensions of personality, emotional schemas and Cinderella syndrome have a significant relationship with the attitude to extramarital relationships and the findings supported the optimal fit of the studied model. The results obtained from the research can be used to design preventive interventions to reduce extramarital relationships.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceptual and attitudinal body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. The study was conducted with multiple baseline single subject design. Using purposed sampling, three participants were selected among the women with body dysmorphic disorder referred to the psychiatric clinics of Tabriz city in 2022. They were assessed by Attitudinal Body Image Questionnaires (MBSRQ) and Perceptual Body Image Questionnaire during the baseline, treatment and follow-up periods. They received an one-hour 8 sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The findings of the research showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has a positive effect on attitudinal body image with an average reliability change index of 3.62 and recovery percentage of 58.66 and perceptual body image with an average reliability change index of 2.28 and recovery percentage of 62  in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. The results of this research showed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can improve perceptual and attitudinal body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. These findings have practical implications in clinical settings, which have been discussed.

Measuring variables related to mental health is a complex matter, especially in the context of cultural differences. The main purpose of this study was to construct and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persistent Depression Vulnerability Scale in women. This study was a validation method and the statistical population included married women aged 21-50 years in Tabriz in 2021. From this population, a sample of 380 people was selected by purposive sampling method and answered on a scale of psychosocial vulnerability to persistent depression,which it was based on a three-factor model based on the underlying theory of qualitative research and scale Depression Beck.The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model for the above questionnaire and considering the sum of the calculated fit indices, the suitability of the factor model was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha method for the component of undesirable individual and interpersonal action was 0.928, the component of the history of traumatic psychological experiences was 0.82, the component of dealing with non-psychological problems was 0.69 and for the whole scale was 0.94. It was found that the reliability of the questionnaire is desirable. The convergence validity of the questionnaire was also desirable.Based on the results, this scale has sufficient reliability and validity to assess vulnerability to persistent depression in Iranian women.