Iranian Journal of Public Health
Volume:53 Issue: 8, Aug 2024

Low protein diet plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, exact role is unclear so far. We aimed to find out the effect of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease.

The PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the research project until 10th Apr 2023. MeSH phrases and Boolean operators were used to search PubMed for suitable studies. The entire estimate was expressed as a 95% confidence interval around the mean difference. The model was picked because of the discrepancies found in the research. Choi's Q test and I2 statistics were used to determine the degree of variation between experiments. The funnel plot was used to qualitatively examine the publishing bias.

Low-protein diets have a greater impact on waist circumference [-8.82 (-9.51, -8.13), P<0000.1] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [-0.05 (-0.07, -0.03), P<0000.1] alteration than non-LPD diets, as measured by the standard mean difference (SMD). Further, significant changes were observed in weight loss [1.51 (1.25, 1.77), P<0.00001], BMI, [0.46 (0.25, 0.67), P<0.0001], change systolic [2.48 (1.20, 3.77), P=0.0002] and diastolic blood pressure [1.49 (0.72, 2.26), P=0.0002], low density lipoprotein [0.09 (0.06, 0.12), P<0.00001], triglyceride [0.52 (0.49, 0.55), P<0.00001], in non-LPD group as compared to LPD group.

The results indicated the role of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease.

We aimed to review studies that evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on orthodontic treatment methods and determine whether the smoke affected appliances in a way that could impair the effectiveness of the overall treatment strategy.

PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were scoured using pertinent keywords, reference searches, and citation searches in accordance with the PRISMA protocol regarding articles published from 2008 till 2022.

Ultimately, 7 papers were chosen for further analysis at the end of the selection protocol. Overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for the impact of cigarette smoking on orthodontic treatment was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.43), with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) but also high heterogeneity (I² = 81%). The relative risk (RR) was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.66), indicating a 50% greater risk of noticeable impact, with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) and high heterogeneity (I² = 79%), and the risk difference (RD), which was -0.33 (95% CI: -0.45, -0.21), suggesting a 33% higher risk of noticeable impact, with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) and high heterogeneity (I² = 81%). The high heterogeneity in all measures indicates significant variability in the results across the included studies.

All the 7 studies selected for our systematic review exhibited significant detrimental associations between smoking and orthodontic appliances and other modalities that were exposed to cigarette smoke. However, more studies need to be done in this regard, since the literature currently available on this relationship is quite poor and lacking in concrete evidence.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of autologous Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cellular immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC).

The literature related to the efficacy and safety of autologous CIK cellular immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in NSCLC were collected. The Chinese literature databases were collected from CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu, and the English literature were retrieved from Cochrane Library and PubMed. All literature were retrieved until the year of 2022, and evaluated by its method quality and analyzed by RevMan5.3 software.

A Meta-analysis on the 11 included literature showed that the treatment efficacy and disease control rate (DCR) of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and significantly increased the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ indexes than the control group (P＜0.05), and the incidence of bone marrow suppression, liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).

Compared with single chemotherapy, CIK combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC can improve the efficacy of treatment and DCR, significantly improve their immune function, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and is beneficial to the recovery of prognosis.

This descriptive survey study aimed to investigate the effects of emotional labor, work–life balance, and empowerment on nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL) and provide foundational data for improving the ProQOL of Korean nurses.

Nurses who had been working for at least six months in hospitals in Yeosu, Suncheon, and Gwangyang, the Republic of Korea, were surveyed in April 2022. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected on general characteristics, emotional labor, work–life balance, empowerment, and ProQOL. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, independent t-tests, analyses of variance, post-hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis.

ProQOL was negatively correlated with emotional labor (r=-0.550, P<0.001) and positively correlated with work–life balance (r=0.680, P<0.001) and empowerment (r=0.454, P<0.001). Emotional labor (β=-0.27, P<0.001), work–life balance (β=0.44, P<0.001), and empowerment (β=0.28, P<0.001) were identified as the predictors of ProQOL, such that reduced emotional labor and increased work–life balance and empowerment enhanced ProQOL. These factors explained 62.1% of the variance in the ProQOL of Korean nurses (F=42.86, P<0.001).

To enhance the ProQOL of Korean nurses, it is vital to help them adjust their work–life balance, decrease their emotional labor, and increase their empowerment.

Enterococci are facultative anaerobic, binary, or chained Gram-positive cocci. The gastrointes-tinal colonization of hospitalized patients is the most important reservoir of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the screening results of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, studied by the simultaneous (real-time) polymerase chain reaction method on rectal swabs of adult and pediatric patients hospitalized in our hospital in 2019-2021.

Adult and pediatric patients were included in our study between Jan 2019 and Dec 2021. The re-sults of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, studied with the real-time polymerase chain reaction method from rectal swabs sent from intensive care units and services, were analyzed retrospectively. Isolation of the samples was performed using the Fluorion VRE QLP 1.0 real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Iontek, Turkey), and detection was performed with the Fluorion Detection System (Iontek, Turkey) real-time polymerase chain re-action device.

Overall, 31,725 patients were included in our study. When evaluated in order of years, in 2019, 379 (7%) of 5,389 adults, 322 (7.4%) of 4,003 children, 234 (5.5%) of 4,185 adults in 2020, 157 (2.4%) of 6,499 children, and in 2021, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected in 469 (7.5%) of 6,232 adults and 224 (4.1%) of 5,417 children.

The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is greater in adults, particularly in intensive care units, compared to children. Infection control precautions and training be augmented in high-risk clinics, while the unnecessary utilization of glycopeptides should be limited

We aimed to reveal the correlation between pathological indicators and PD-L1, between gene mutation status in lung cancer through clinico-pathological data and lung cancer-related gene mutation and PD-L1 expression analysis.

The study was conducted in . PD-L1 testing and targeted gene mutations detection were evaluated. The clinical characteristics of these non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples have been obtained. The groups were grouped according to clinico-pathological features and PD-L1 expression (Yes/No or High/Low), and the clinico-pathological and genetic and molecular features and correlation with PD-L1 expression were compared across the above groups. Comparisons and analyses were made between different treatment schemes.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD, n=142) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC, n=143) samples were enrolled (median age: 64 years old). Pleural invasion and M staging were significantly different from PD-L1 alterations (P<0.05). The percentage of patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS)≥50% was 36.24% and the percentage of patients with PD-L1 TPS<50% was 29.53%. The percentage of patients with PD-L1 high-expressed and treated by immunotherapy was 75.93% and 63.41% experienced Partial Response/Complete Response. The mutations ratio of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, MET, RET and TP53 were 28.86%, 1.34%, 6.04%, 0.67%, 1.34% and 0.67%, respectively. KRAS mutation was significantly different from PD-L1 alterations (P<0.01).

There are individual differences in PD-L1 expression, which can also vary depending on the different clinical features. Specific molecular features correlate with differential PD-L1 expression and may influence the response to therapy.

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small intestine, related to gluten intolerance occurring in genetically predisposed patients. This study aimed to evaluate Mediterranean diet adherence, screen eating disorders and establish the relationship between Mediterranean diet and eating disorders.

This study included 81 adults with celiac disease, and 85 without celiac disease from Rabat-Sale-Kenitra hospitals between May 2022 and Nov 2022. The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was used to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet and SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen eating disorders.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in age (P=0.000), weight (P=0.041), height (P=0.000) and non-adherence to Mediterranean diet (P=0.032). Participants without celiac disease reported a significantly (P=0.032) lower adherence score to the Mediterranean diet (62.35%) than participants with celiac disease (29.62%). Additionally, the results of the Khi2 test which revealed a significant association between MDSS and SCOFF (P=0.024). In addition, based on logistic regression the Mediterranean diet Serving Score was significantly associated with eating disorders (P=0.025) in adults with celiac disease, on the other hand, weight, height, BMI and MDSS were significantly associated with eating disorders in adults without celiac disease.

Our study showed good adherence to the Mediterranean diet by celiac adults so it can be assumed that the Mediterranean diet could have a protective effect against eating disorders in celiac patients.

Maternal postpartum depression negatively affects the baby's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development and attachment pattern. We aimed to examine the effect of virtual patient visits    in neonatal intensive care unit on postpartum depression in mothers.

Research data were obtained from mothers whose preterm infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit between April and December 2022. A total of 100 mothers of preterm infants (50 in the virtual patient visit and 50 in the control group) treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital constituted the sample of the study. Using the Zoom application, virtual patient visits were made for 5 minutes, seven days a week, between mother and the preterm infants, with no nursing intervention implemented for at least 30 minutes. Mothers in the control group saw their babies face to face two days a week. In standard hospital procedure, mothers saw their babies twice a week. Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) was administered online to the all mothers before and after the study.

The research resulted with statistically significant decreased EPDS scores of the mothers in virtual patient visit group with the pre-study scores. A statistically significant decrease was found compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Virtual patient visits between preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit and their mothers could be effective in preventing or reducing postpartum depression of the mother.

The harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) are amplified in older adults, who experience a decline in physiological function, reducing their ability to expel and detoxify inhaled PM. Moreover, older adults may be more vulnerable to fine particulate toxicity due to underlying medical conditions. We assessed the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on depressive mood (DM) in adults aged > 65 yr using community-based data.

In the 2017, Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) data, data of PM2.5 and community factors were constructed based on participants who responded to DM in a sample of 67,802 individuals. To evaluate the effect of PM2.5 on DM among older adults, a multilevel regression model was constructed using individual-(KCHS) and community-level data (PM2.5, green area per capita, urban area, social welfare budget, health, and social business). For PM2.5, an independent variable, quartiles were used to classify regions according to concentration.

A positive correlation was found between PM2.5 and DM of older adults. Compared to Q1, the odds ratio increased to 1.15 (95% CI 0.76-1.74) in Q2, 1.55 (95% CI 1.02-2.35) in Q3, and 1.60 (95% CI 1.16-2.20) in Q4.

DM may increase in older individuals living in areas with high PM2.5. Systematic mental health management is required for older individuals residing in such areas.

The aim of this study was to analyze characteristic and pattern of road traffic injuries in this special aging group, as well to examine the relevance of certain injuries or risk factors to outliving the injuries.

This epidemiological, analytical, retrospective, autopsy study investigated the road traffic deaths for period between 2001 and 2022. The subjects were divided into two age groups, elderly (65 years and older) and middle aged (16-64 years old).

We included 213 (32%) elderly participants out of all 665 RTA subjects who died from sustained injuries or complications of the injuries. The majority of elderly subjects (61%) were pedestrians, and elderly participants in RTA were more likely to survive the injuries. The most common injuries among the elderly in all group of participants were chest injuries 81% (and among them, rib fractures were present in 76%). Cranio-cerebral injury is the most common cause of death in RTA subjects, singular (45%) or in combination with other causes. In the group of elderly RTA subjects complication of injury is represented in 36 subjects (17%), while as cause of death is represented in 22 subjects (10%). Elderly are less likely to have positive BAC, and even in cases when BAC was increased, the levels were on the lower scale.

More effort should be made to enhance road safety for elderly pedestrians, especially considering the expected rapid growth in the elderly population.

We aimed to describe nurses' perspectives on risk factors and strategies to control workplace violence.

To accomplish the study objectives, an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based investigation was conducted. The scales were developed in accordance with the guidelines provided by reputable organizations such as the International Labour Office (ILO), International Council of Nurses (ICN), WHO, and Public Services International (PSI), as well as previous scholarly works. Prior to implementation, the validity and reliability of the Likert scales were rigorously tested. The survey, conducted from March to May 2022, encompassed 163 public hospitals in Vietnam and was completed by 2,280 nurses employed in these institutions.

According to nurses' perceptions, several key risk factors contribute to workplace violence (WPV). These include low socio-cultural awareness among patients and their family members, overcrowding in hospitals, non-compliance with hospital regulations, unrealistic expectations regarding treatment outcomes, communication issues among staff members. To effectively control WPV, nurses propose a range of strategies. These include enhancing the quality of hospital services and the hospital environment, fostering a positive workplace culture, establishing a comprehensive system for reporting and responding to incidents of WPV and developing patient care protocols. These strategies are believed to mitigate the occurrence and impact of WPV, ensuring a safer and more secure work environment for nurses.

Workplace violence in healthcare settings is influenced by organizational, clinical, and environmental risk factors. Nurses adopt a multi-component approach to manage workplace violence. This study provides valuable insights for developing effective strategies to combat workplace violence in Vietnam.

Evaluating the governance capacity of urban public health is the key to improving the level of urban public health. We aimed to evaluate the governance ability of urban public health.

An index system of governance ability of urban public health was established. The governance ability of urban public health was evaluated, and major constraints against the ability improvement were analyzed through the EM (Entropy Method)–AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)–TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) model and data of urban agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta, China in 2023.

Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Ningbo rank top 5 in terms of governance ability of public health, and they are in the first echelon. Hefei, Yancheng, Wuxi, Taizhou and Shaoxing rank 6–10, and they are in the second echelon. The remaining 17 cities are in the third echelon. Major sources of governance ability of urban public health and major factors that decrease governance ability are Medical Facility (A12), Health Improvement (A33), Medical Staff (A13), Government Ability (A11), and Health Loss (A34). For urban agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta, China, public health foundations, environmental exposure risks, public health performance, and public health emergencies all can influence the governance ability of public health.

Accurate evaluation of the governance ability of urban public health can provide guidance and policy propositions to improve the governance system of public health and improve the emergency coordination ability of the government.

Seasonal influenza and novel H1N1 influenza from 2009 present worldwide difficulties for public health sectors. It is difficult to distinguish between significant research output due to the rising quantity of papers mentioning this infectious disease. We aimed to identify a scientometric analysis of influenza diseases. We aimed to highlight the progress made in the discipline by the researchers affiliated with most documents.

The h-index was used to evaluate the publication performance of highly cited papers. We retrieved the scientometric data using the keywords “Influenza” OR “Flu” OR “Orthomyxoviridae” AND “Antiviral agents” OR “Antiviral drugs.” In all, 59013 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science between 2011 and 2020. The exported data to Biblioshiny and Microsoft Excel tools included sources by year, active authors, active journals, and countries. Also, we made use of quantitative analysis with scientometric indicators and knowledge mapping through the VOSviewer visualization software for creating the network visualization maps.

We found most papers written in English and other languages were from 402027 authors and listed in 4443 core journals. The researchers found that Palese P produced 155 and received an h-index of 55. The author Li Y has the highest contributions, with 313 publications. In global influenza research, Europe and North America are the most productive and impactful continents. The influenza research has been published in very few journals.

This study will help hospital librarians and other library professionals to understand the status of research on influenza at any given point in time.

Quality of life (QL) of patients with lumbar radiculopathy (LR) stands for personal experience of the functional effect of the ailment and therapy applied to the patient. We aimed to evaluate the QL in patients with LR before the start of treatment, as well as three and six months following the start of medical rehabilitation, that was prescribed and implemented.

The research was conducted at the Special Hospital for Progressive Muscular and Neuromuscular Diseases in Novi Pazar, Serbia, from 2014 to 2016. A stratified, randomized sample included fifty patients with LR. All patients had an educational training program in ergonomics, physical therapy procedures, and kinetic and ergonomic therapeutic procedures as part of the conservative treatment. We employed two standardized questionnaires, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-36, to evaluate the patients' condition, their QL, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment.

In terms of SF-36 - PCS, SF-36 - MCS, and ODI, the lowest values were noted at the start of rehabilitation (PCS:35.5; MCS:37.8; ODI:51.5%). Three months later, there was a significant improvement in the scores (PCS:42.8; MCS:45.2; ODI:38.9%), and six months later, the scores were somewhat higher (PCS:49.2; MCS:40.6; ODI:23.7%) (P<0.01).

When comparing the conditions, the QL and functional status of patients with LR are significantly improved. They were better at three and six months compared to the start of rehabilitation and at six months compared to the condition at three months.

Health expenditures of countries have an increasing trend in general and identifying variables affecting health expenditure is an important step toward budget planning for financial sustainability. This study aimed to examine the health expenditure of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and identify influential variables.

The data for the years 2000-2018 of OECD countries’ current health expenditure (% of GDP) and economic, demographic, and health variables, considered to affect the health expenditure, to include in the anal-ysis were extracted using the World Bank database (World Bank 2021). Data analys using Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) decision tree technique. Fifteen variables in economic, demographic, and health categories are selected to build the CHAID decision tree.

As a result of CHAID analysis, five variables are identified as influential on current health expenditure, which are gross domestic product per capita, life expectancy at birth, death rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and fertility rate. Thirty-seven OECD countries are classified into eleven groups by the decision rules in terms of the current health expenditure. The high value of the correlation coefficient between the predicted values and the actual values of health expenditure of countries indicates good prediction performance. Moreover, the regression models built using the identified influential variables as explanatory variables give good forecast accuracy.

As an effective tool, the CHAID decision tree technique provides a rule-based model in the form of a tree with nodes and branches, illustrating the splitting process graphically with identified variables and their cut-off points for classification and prediction.

The rising demand for body contouring and concerns about side effects of invasive surgical procedures have led to advances in providing new non-invasive alternative methods for weight reduction. The current retrospective study investigated the safety and efficacy of photobiomodulation technology in reducing local obesity in Middle Eastern participants.

Providing data about body circumferences of 30 participants, with body mass index (BMI) >28 and localized obesity in the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, or arms were included in the final data synthesis. All the records were received at least 4 treatment sessions with the photobiomodulation technology (Volcano device) in Center for Research and training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL) during June 2022-September 2022 Reductions in body standing circumferences as well as reported adverse effects and participants’ satisfaction were retrospectively evaluated and reported.

The extricated data included 30 females’ participants aged 42.06 ± 11.6 years and localized obesity in the abdomen (15 cases), thighs (7 cases), hip (one case) and arms (7 cases). While BMIs were not significantly different from the baseline, abdominal, arm and tight circumferences showed a significant decline after receiving 4 and 6 treatment sessions (P<0.01). There was no report of adverse effect and overall satisfaction was an "excellent" grade.

This study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of photobiomodulation in reduction of circumferential size in abdomen, buttock, thigh, and arm areas in Middle Eastern participants with high patient satisfaction and acceptable safety profile.

The impact of CCR5-Δ32 on COVID-19 outcomes has been the focus of much research. This genetic variant may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, while others have produced conflicting results. Given the controversial results of previous research on different populations, we aimed to investigate the possible association between the CCR5-Δ32 variant and COVID-19 severity in an Iranian population.

This case-control study was conducted between 25th of April till 10th of October 2021 at Rasoul Akram Hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We investigated the association between CCR5-Δ32 genotype and COVID-19 severity in 200 unrelated Iranian patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 100 patients with severe COVID-19 (case group) and 100 patients with mild COVID-19 (control group). Genotyping of CCR5-Δ32 was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

The frequency of CCR5-Δ32 allele was 11 in the case group and 16 in the control group. However, no significant association was found between this genetic variant and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.

The CCR5-Δ32 variant cannot serve as a reliable predictive factor for identifying individuals prone to developing severe COVID-19 in Iranian population. Additionally, targeting CCR5 would not be a viable treatment approach for COVID-19 in Iranians.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common disease resulting from the median nerve entrapment at the wrist. Although CTS (prevalence=5%–10% in the general population) is the most common neuropathy, its molecular mechanisms need elucidation. We used bioinformatics to detect genes with differential expressions in CTS and introduce the molecular regulatory noncoding RNAs and signaling pathways involved.

The raw files of the RNA sequencing of CTS patients and controls were obtained from GEO (accession: GSE108023), and the samples were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were isolated using DESeq2 R. Functional analyses were conducted on the signaling pathways, biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components of the differentially expressed genes. Additionally, interactions between the most differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and lncRNAs were investigated bioinformatically.

Upregulation and downregulation were observed in 790 and 922 genes, respectively. The signaling pathway analysis identified the metabolism pathways of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and tyrosine as the most significant pathways in CTS. Moreover, PLA2G2D and PLA2G2A with upregulated expressions and PLA2G2F, PLA2G4F, PLA2G4D, PLA2G3, and PLA2G4E with downregulated expressions were genes from the phospholipase family playing significant roles in the pathways. Further analyses demonstrated that hsa-miR-3150b-3p targeted PLA2G2A and PLA2G4F, and RP11-573D15.8-018 lncRNA had regulatory interactions with the aforementioned genes.

Molecular studies on CTS will clarify the involved signaling pathways and provide critical data for biomedical research, drug development, and clinical applications.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia considered as severe problems in Beta thalassemia major (BTM) that can lead to bone fractures. We aimed to investigate bone mineral density status and the laboratory parameters related to bone metabolism in BTM patients and compare the statically differences between the mentioned parameters in the patients with or without bone fractures.

The results of laboratory parameters including; Hemoglobin (Hb), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (Vit D), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Ferritin (FER), Serum Iron (SFe), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), T3, T4 and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and BMD (by using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method) were investigated in 143 BTM patients from thalassemia center of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2023.

Seventy-two women and 71 men with confirmed BTM diagnosis with age range (32.4 ± 9.7) were entered in the study. Laboratory parameters including TSH, T3, T4, ALP, FER 247) and SFe showed a significant difference between fracture and non-fracture groups respectively (P≤0.05). In this study, Z-Score between -1.1 and -2.4 was considered osteopenia, and below -2.5 was osteoporosis. Among the studied patients 36.6%, 39.1% and 24.2% had normal bone density, osteopenia and had osteoporosis respectively.

Osteopenia and osteoporosis had a high frequency among the studied patients that can prone them to bone fractures. Continuous examinations of laboratory tests, especially T3, T4, TSH, FER, SFE, can be helpful for faster diagnosis and therapeutic interventions to prevent the occurrence of osteopenia and pathological fractures.

There is an increase in the incidence of breast and gynecologic cancers in Iran during the last three decades. Literature is inadequate about the Years of Life Lost (YLL) attributed to these cancers in Iran.

Mortality data due to these cancers amongst females aged >20 yr from 2004 to 2019 was acquired from “Electronic Death Registry System”, Fars Province, Iran. Using local health centers’ databases and national census reports from 1996 to 2016, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 people were estimated. YLLs were calculated using the WHO’s 2015 “YLL template”.

During 2004–2019, 1886 and 829 deaths occurred due to breast and gynecologic cancers, respectively. The ASR due to breast and gynecologic cancers showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.001 for each). The total YLL due to breast, cervical/uterine/vaginal/vulvar, and ovary cancers’ deaths in the 16-year period were 33,077, 7,172 and 6,584 yr, respectively. The highest YLLs were observed in 50-59-year-old females, followed by 40-49- and 60-69-year-old females. The 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality in breast cancer, ovary cancer and cervix cancer was increasing: annual percent change (APC) was 7.6% (95% CI: 5.5-9.7, P<0.001), 19.0% (95% CI: 12.2-26.1, P<0.001) and 9.2% (95% CI: -9.2 to 31.3, P>0.05, respectively.

Mortality rate and YLLs due to breast and gynecologic cancers have been increased in southern Iran during the last twenty years. Early detection programs and allocating treatments at early stages should be prioritized.

We aimed to evaluate the functional state of the population of the midlands and highlands of Alai region (Kyrgyzstan) on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and adaptation potential (AP). The characteris-tic of people with overweight and underweight are presented. A clean dependence of AP on BMI was revealed.

In Alai region (Kyrgyzstan),285citizens of Gulcha village (1.540 m above sea level) and 312 citizens of Sary-Tash village (3.200 m above sea level) were examinedin July-August 2023. Blood pressure (BP) wasgenerally measured at rest in the seated position. The BMIand AP were calculated.

In the midlands and highlands BP correspond to the physiological norm. The AP scores in the mid-lands region for men was 2.32 points, for women -2.38 points, but in highlands areas these values were slightly higher: for men –2.52 points, for women –2.42points. The total BMI values for men in the midlands and highlands were23.39 and 23.24 kg/m2respectively, for women in the midlands this indicator became higherthan normal(26.53 kg/m2), but in the highlands it corresponded to the norm (24.78 kg/m2).

It is necessaryto determinethe valueof AP,BMIandtypeof self-regulation of blood circulationwhenassessingthe functionalstateof residentslivinginmountain areas.Inthe highlands overweight,whichisoneofthe significantriskfactorsfor healthdisorders,withtension ofregulatorymechanismscanbecomea triggerfor the developmentof cardiovasculardiseases.