نشریه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 46، پاییز 1402)

This research investigates the semiotic analysis of the structure of religiosity in the two films "Range Khoda" and "Gadamgah".  Cinema, as a powerful medium, plays a key role in the representation and reproduction of religious discourses. The aim of this study is to examine the rules, structures and religious patterns in these two films. A qualitative research method with a semiotics approach has been chosen and the visual signs present in the films have been analyzed. This research examines the role of religion in Iranian society and how it is represented in these two works. The findings show that both films contain a rich set of technical, social and ideological codes. The semiotic analysis of the films reveals that both works have extensively used religious signs to convey their messages. For example, these films present an image of religion as a source of peace, hope and meaning in life in a traditional society. Religious characters in these films are portrayed as spiritual and moral leaders of the community and the identity and meaning of the film characters are shaped through religion. In contrast, wealthy and powerful characters are less inclined to religion, while poor and marginalized characters are more likely to seek refuge in religion. Additionally, women in these films are often portrayed in traditional and obedient roles.

The change in lifestyle is affected by modernity and increased awareness which has caused the increased tendency of women to be present in public and urban spaces. Using a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy, this study sought to investigate women's socio-cultural problems and limitations in urban spaces of Tehran. The sample consists of 35 women between 20 and 67 years old living in Tehran in 2021 who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west of Tehran. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion has been applied. According to the results, the social-cultural problems and limitations of women in connection with urban spaces in Tehran are the feeling of insecurity in urban spaces, the appearance of poverty and lack of vitality in urban spaces, the non-recognition and acceptance of women in the public spaces of the city, people-oriented spaces , the objectification of women in terms of sex, the presence of unpleasant male behaviors, family restrictions on the presence of women in urban spaces, gender norms, structural restrictions on the presence of women in some public spaces and the use of certain vehicles and values ​​and norms of noble woman, affected by economic and cultural capital and district of residence, as well as work and transportation. In addition, women react differently to the obstacles and limitations. By resisting the facing challenges in urban spaces, women seek to achieve creative and effective civic activism. In order to realize this objective, institutions such as families and education shall act to change attitudes and gender relations and develop the culture of acceptance of women in public spaces.

Today, one of the most common public health problems around the world is "domestic violence", which includes child abuse, spousal abuse, and mistreatment of the elderly. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the incidence of domestic violence. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature, is in the category of analytical research; its qualitative research method is of the content analysis type. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, reference to documents, and the sampling method is a targeted method. The target population of this research includes the scientific and operational elites of the South Khorasan Police Command, including the board of directors, specialized police commanders, general operational managers and scientific professors, and all spouses of families who go to police station counseling centers due to family violence.  The number of participants includes 27 scientific and operational elites of Birjand and spouses affected by domestic violence (due to reaching theoretical saturation). According to the obtained results and the analyzes made from the open, central and selective codings, the factors affecting in the incidence of domestic violence include economic, social and cultural dimensions. According to the investigations and the results of the present research, the need for the attention of the relevant authorities and the education of families and individuals to learn about the psychological and social consequences of violent behavior is more important than ever.

In reviewing the evolutions of sociological development in Iran, quantitative and qualitative changes have been considered as an important indicator in recognizing these developments. This paper, based on a generation approach, examines texts that have examined sociology in Iran. In the study of the meaning of sociology among generations, it is a question of how the approaches that have been studied in the past by sociology have and what have changed to date. Using content quality analysis methods, 186 written works have been reviewed and discussed specifically in sociology in Iran in the 70's and 80's. The dominant discourse on existing analyzes of sociology in Iran is developmental discourse with a pathologic orientation. The third and fourth generations see sociology as serving national development and solving social problems. But the new generation brings less prominence to politics and has a more tendency towards history and qualitative approaches in the study of sociology in Iran.

Arbaeen walking rituals is one of the phenomena that has become widespread in the last decades after the extensive support and propaganda of government institutions. The main goal of this article is to discover the consequences of this phenomenon.

This research was conducted using Grounded Theory strategy and 49 Iranian pilgrims who marched in Arbaeen rituals were interviewed.

Finally, 26 appearance concepts and 10 categories were classified in the results section. 

According to the results of the research, the consequences of the walking rituals are as follows: the display of Iran's political power/defective governance/future challenges/behind the scenes challenges/reproduction of religion/change of religious lifestyle/expansion of social tolerance/personalization of religion/rethinking rituals/and development of origin and destination. As a result of these rituals, despite the positive consequences, it will require challenges at the origin and destination.