نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 15 (تابستان 1403)

Today, the rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing trend of greenhouse gas emissions, which continue to increase despite international efforts, have aggravated the climate change issue. Reaching an approach that balances the natural and built environment is one of the most essential human objectives in forming a favorable environment. To achieve such a goal, planning and designing cities in line with the principles of climate design is the primary and most crucial concern in this field of activity. The proposed criteria will encourage the process of becoming more energy resilient by planning a holistic approach to various and complex aspects of cities and looking at cities as dynamic complex systems in each urban functional area. Urban resilience refers to the ability of an urban system and all the social, environmental, and technical networks that make it up, in time and space scales, to maintain or quickly return to the intended function in the face of disruption, to adapt to rapid change and transformation of systems that limit current or future adaptive capacity. In the field of urban energy, resilience is inevitably linked to the concept of sustainability. However, the new towns planned in Iran to respond to the problems of the greater mother city at the level of metropolitan areas have not sufficiently considered the climatic conditions and local characteristics in the design. Therefore, according to the necessity of strategies to reduce energy consumption in the increasing trend of climate change, this research aims to investigate and analyze urban physical form design principles with an energy-based resilience approach to improve Thermal Comfort in Sadra New Town on the northwestern edge of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province. For this purpose, library studies and quantitative measurement using ENVI-met sub-climatic analysis software have followed the descriptive-analytical research method. In the first step, energy resilience criteria based on global energy resilience rating systems and theoretical research conducted, including smart location, resources and energy, transportation and use, neighborhood form and development pattern, and placemaking, were identified as five layers. Then, after designing the main structure of a sample neighborhood in Sadra according to the explained criteria for the physical form and energy-based resilient design and the physical and climatic analysis of the site, a series of selected points were simulated in Envimet software for which the thermal comfort index or the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) was extracted in the hottest month of the year. The evaluation result showed that no part of the neighborhood is in the optimal temperature range. In other words, the area needs help in terms of the thermal comfort of pedestrians in the summer season during the hot hours of the day. Finally, design guidelines and regulations were presented on a smaller scale by measuring the plan’s deviation from thermal comfort standards compared to the physical design, sky visibility factor, and other climatic indicators. The outcome of this research is to re-composing physical form with an energy-based resilience approach in an urban neighborhood, presenting strategies and policies that are extensible to new developments.

The growth of urban population and urbanization before the process of urban planning, along with problems and problems such as migration to cities and the subsequent uneven distribution of population, informal settlements, lack of urban per capita, etc., have caused the quality of livability of Iranian cities to decline. The city of Gorgan is no exception to this. This city is due to its special geographical location and suitable natural condition, the political-administrative and economic centrality of the region and province, its ability to immigrate, the type of residence and house building of numerous social groups in the city, the ethnic diversity and culture of different ethnic groups together, has caused that in the city Gorgan has a different and unique look and texture from the human settlements in this city. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and evaluate the livability of the three regions of Gorgan City based on the physical-spatial index. According to its nature, the present research is practical in terms of descriptive-analytical method by using a combination of quantitative models. The required data were obtained from the method of library studies, observation, and field technique (researcher-made questionnaire) in the form of 6 indicators including facilities and infrastructure, open and public spaces, landscape, transportation, pollution, housing quality, and 24 items. Is. To analyze the data from SPSS software, t-tests to check the measurement of the difference between the average of the research sample (theoretical average) and the average of the population; ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) to examine the difference in the average dimensions of the six variables of the research index among the studied areas; From the multivariate regression test to investigate the influence of each of the variables of the physical index of livability in evaluating the livability of the studied areas; And finally, Friedman's test was used to rank and evaluate the effect of each of the physical-spatial index variables on the livability status and prioritize the variables. The results obtained from the t-test show that in terms of physical livability, Area One of Gorgan City is in a completely favorable and normal condition, Area Three is in an average condition, and Area Two is in a weaker condition than other areas. The results of the ANOVA test show that the conditions and status of the physical variables are not the same in all three regions and a significant difference can be seen among the three studied regions. The regression results indicate the impact of the research variables and the results of the Friedman test also showed that the housing variable ranks first and the pollution variable ranks last in the impact on the physical-spatial livability index in the city of Gorgan. Therefore, due to the existence of cultural and ethnic diversity as well as different living conditions; Different livability can be seen in terms of physical-spatial indicators at the level of regions and localities of Gorgan city. In the end, to achieve the goals of the research, strategies, and solutions have been presented in the form of research proposals.

In today's world, one of the important and fundamental requirements of urban management and achieving sustainable urban development is integrated urban management and sustainable sources of income, so the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the strategies for achieving sustainable urban income in Fouladshahr Municipality. In terms of method, the research is mixed, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative method and thematic analysis type using interviews with experts was used, and in the second stage, in order to rank the components identified in the qualitative stage, the quantitative method of SwaraFuzzy method was used. Using the purposeful sampling method, 15 experts in the academic field and specialists in the field of urban management in Fouladshahr were determined. And interviews were conducted openly with experts. The results showed that the components of sustainable urban incomes include 12 general themes of information technology, research, recycling, advertising, legal assets, revenues from tolls, service prices and revenues of municipal for-profit institutions, revenues from municipal funds and properties, government grants and Government organizations, financial relations of the municipality with citizens, investment of the municipality in creating sources of sustainable income. It was determined by using the fuzzy swara technique that the income from the tolls obtained the highest rank. And the research factor got the lowest rank.

In recent years, the high consumption of fossil fuels and its consequences have faced many problems in different cities. One of the solutions presented in this regard is the climatic design of buildings. If the buildings are built according to climatic factors, the need to consume fossil fuels will be minimized. Therefore, buildings should be designed to receive the most energy in the cold period of the year and the least in the hot period. In this direction, the current research was selected in 4 areas of Mehr housing complexes in Rasht City to optimize the placement of buildings based on radiant energy and wind direction. For this purpose, the minimum shading of the buildings was calculated. Also, using the Golbad diagram, the number of times the wind blows in different geographical directions in other months of the year has been studied. Finally, through the calculation method of the cosine law, investigate the intensity of radiation in 24 geographical directions in different months and separately between the cold and hot periods of the year, taking into account 40% of the light reflection around the buildings. It comes into existence; it has been reviewed. According to the findings of the research, the best orientation of the building in terms of obtaining solar energy is +60, -120 and vice versa, followed by +75, -105 and vice versa. The most inappropriate angles are in the direction of -15 and 15. Even though some of the Mehr housing buildings in Rasht city in the four selected areas have suitable orientations, some of them also have inappropriate orientations, and only 30% of the buildings observed the minimum distance between them until the sunlight reaches the first window on the first floor and the air conditioning takes place. Therefore, it is necessary for the relevant designers and managers, in the subsequent phases of Mehr Rasht housing projects and other cities under construction, to optimize energy consumption and pay special attention to the items stated in this research.

The central core of cities, as a valuable heritage and representative of the city's identity, is facing many problems today. Following developments in the technological, economic, and social fields, as well as the movement of population and activities, the central core of cities has faced a decrease in physical, economic, and social quality, and this process has reduced the dynamics of neighborhoods and created problematic urban contexts. As a result, it is necessary to think about various social, cultural and identity dimensions and find a suitable link between them with the physical and spatial dimension in the central core of cities. The aim of the current research is to identify the fields of realization of the development of local community culture in the re-creation of the central core of cities, in such a way that by providing a systematic approach for researchers through the combination of qualitative researches, we will explore new and basic topics and metaphors related to the research topic. This article is presented with the method of meta-combination of studies based on the development of local community culture and the re-creation of the base culture using the seven-point method of Sandusky and Barroso. The results show that the development of local community culture is one of the main indicators of community self-confidence and responds to the spiritual and material needs of people in their community through cultural and social planning.

In recent decades, urban managers have treid to deal with the problems using new technologies, in developing countries. So, it is desirable to investigate the accuracy of their decisions about the acceptance of technologies in varous time sections. In this case, they would be able to identify if they could achieve the organization’s goals and reduce the mental and physical investments. So, they could identify the weaknesses and plan to eliminate them. Isfahan municipality, in order to increase the quality of services for citizens, has used the urban services technology in its urban planning and architecture deputy. Therefore, it was considered to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance of technology in order to achieve the managers' goals. So, based on the literature review, the identified constructs that had an effect on the acceptance of technology by the municipal managers were examined and as a result, the construct of ‘expectation from the use of technology’ was identified as the most central construct of the research. Next, this paper, with the aim of measuring the realization of the concept of "expectation of technology application" by the managers and senior experts of the municipality, has dealt with the quantitative test of the results of the previous qualitative research. The results of the analysis of 64 questionnaires distributed among the managers of Isfahan municipality with confirmatory factor analysis method and structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software show that the test of hypotheses based on the direct and positive effect of 11 constructs affecting the expectation of technology use, 5 hypotheses have been confirmed and based on this, the constructs of " Speed of Doing Tasks", "accuracy of technology", "data transparency", "process transparency" and "Managers' Supervision on Processes" are among the results that have fulfilled the expectations of managers from the application of urban planning services technology. Comparing these results and the primary goal of Isfahan municipality of using technology shows that only after 5 years of using technology, half of its goals have been achieved.