فصلنامه رسانه
سال سی و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 134، بهار 1403)

In this article, we try to analyze and evaluate the role of dialogue in intercultural communication and its consequences on identity formation. By showing the current global situation and the intermingling of cultures, races, ethnic groups, etc. we have addressed the issue that any intercultural communication based on the acceptance and understanding of others and differences, necessarily requires a conversation with another. On the other hand, the approaches of multiculturalism and interculturalism as two main perspectives in today's globalization and the mixing of cultures have been taken into consideration.In the meantime by using the views of the two main theorists of this field, Buber and Bakhtin, we have shown that dialogue is the essence and nature of any communication between people, cultures and different groups, and such a situation requires  a deeper understanding of the other and its place in the formation of one's own identity and essence. We also show that identities are always a relational thing and are in our relationship with others. The relationship with the other is only in dialogue, which leads to the acceptance of difference from a hostile state. But what is important is the articulation of such a dialogue in a global context where contradictions may replace differences. Therefore, in addition to detailing the conversation, it should be possible to present a new configuration of my position and at the same time of another, through which the conversation becomes possible. This article evaluates the different forms of such articulation and tries to explain the construction of identity based on such a situation.

Epistemological texts are media situations in which the access of discourses in the media is analyzed. In this article, by focusing on the epistemological texts of the IRI Television, an attempt has been made to examine the process of stabilization and reproduction of the dominant discourse in a systematic way, in order to determine with what strategies this discourse gains its legitimacy and acceptability.    For this purpose, Zawiya video magazine, which is considered one of the radio programs in the field of humanities was selected as case sample of the research and 44 parts of the program were selected and analyzed with critical discourse analysis method, during the years 2018 to September 2021. According to the results of this research, this program, in hidden layers, with centralization of the central signifier of pure Muhammadan Islam, with discourse strategies such as alienation, reproduction of "self" and "other", hegemonic intervention, labeling, contamination and... destroys the foundation of the intellectual system of opposing discourses. According to the results, this program raises the demand of helping the public sphere in the superficial layers; But with a systematic study, it became clear that the discursive conflicts are formulated; It is not in the direction of forming a public domain, but simply in the direction of stabilizing the discourse, and this program displays a reduced version of the public domain, behind which the discourse goals are hidden.

Virtual social media is one of the most important and effective social media that has been able to affect the private relationships of citizens in the form of everyday and practical tools. In addition to countless advantages, this space also brings many disadvantages, which sometimes cause serious harm to users due to the lack of familiarity with the virtual space. Therefore, the importance of identifying and investigating the harms of virtual social media has been taken into consideration; In such a way that many research articles are written and published on this subject every year, but due to the fact that these articles were conducted with different statistical population and different geographical, economic, social and cultural conditions, they have faced different results. On this basis, the current research has tried to identify and classify the dimensions of these damages using the meta-synthesis method, and finally, design and present the final model of the dimensions of cyber space damages; Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify and classify the damages of virtual space, and to design a new model to understand the dimensions of the damages of virtual social media. For this reason, the results of previous researches in the years 1390 to 1400 were analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. By checking the quality of the articles, among the 54 articles, 42 were finally selected for analysis. The findings of the research showed that cultural dimensions, social networks, religious institutions, personality and deality are the most important vulnerable dimensions of virtual social media.

The media plays an effective role in institutionalizing values and forming or changing national identity as the largest level of identity and acts as a variable lever of national identity. The aim of the current research was to analyze the role of mass and social media in the construction of national identity according to the students' lived experience, which was done with a phenomenological approach. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the research included all students of the first and second secondary courses in Ardabil city. The sample size was 17 students who were selected by purposeful sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation and then the data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. The findings showed that based on the lived experience of the participants, the gap between knowledge, attitude and behavior towards national identity was evident in mass and social media; So that the national identity and its dimensions among teenagers whose dominant media is social media is less than among teenagers whose dominant media is mass media. Teenagers with the dominant use of mass media have tried to protect the traditional sources of national identity, on the other hand, the teenagers with the dominant use of social media represented themselves in favor of global or cosmopolitan identity.

The purpose of this research is to identify possible futures for provincial media in a ten-year time horizon. This is a qualitative research, which uses the Delphi method applying theme analysis to study the data obtained from open questionnaires and interviews. Also futurology and Schwartz's method were used in scenario writing to portray the future. The statistical community includes 26 national and provincial media experts, futurology professors, and former and current managers of provincial radio and television stations, who were selected through purposeful sampling and snowball method. The results of the research showed that the trends of radio and television in the centers of the provinces are: media competition, the growth of social media, new business models, the importance of the audience in the media, the improvement of the quality of the programs and the local operation of the media; According to the scores of the ‘importance’ and ‘uncertainty’ matrix, the two main drivers of concentration versus decentralization of decision-making and independence or participation of the media were chosen to identify the scenarios and portray the future. Also based on the experts' scores, the priority of the scenarios and their corresponding future were determined:  Making the media (paying attention to local culture and coverage), audience-oriented media, moving towards social media (maximum activity in the virtual space), convergence of media, emphasis on programming and improving the quality of the program; Emphasis on the continuation of the current trend of the centers and the presence of the media in the virtual space, the authority of the provincial media and their survival. The possible futures, in order of importance, include media audience orientation, media participation and cooperation, development of activity and maintaining authority.

With the growth of the Internet, newspapers, as one of the oldest and most stable forms of the media, were challenged in adapting their business to environmental changes so that they saw a significant drop in circulation and advertisements. In Iran, Hamshahri daily, as an institution with a history and high circulation, has not yet been able to fully transform its traditional business model in accordance with the change of the media market and its platformization. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the business and environment of the Hamshahri Printing House. On this basis a semi-structured interview was conducted with 19 media experts and managers, as well as current and former managers and experts who were influential in developing the economic strategies and business model of Hamshahri Institution. Analysis of the interviews was also done by qualitative coding method and during two stages of open and axial coding. The matrix of internal and external factors of SWAT was used to summarize the findings. The findings show that the Hamshahri Institution has more weaknesses in the internal dimension of the business. In the dimension of the external business environment also, the Hamshahri Institution is facing more threats. Based on the intersection of the two dimensions of the internal and external environment, paradigm change strategies in the professional mission of Hamshahri Institution from a content supplier to a content value-added service provider and the need to invest in digital assets were proposed.

Today, with the emergence of new media technologies and the emergence of problems caused by fake content, the media space has faced a big challenge. This article examines the methods presented by Daran with the aim of accessing patterns that can verify media content. The main question is, what solutions can be provided to verify media content? This research assumes that the verification of media content in the virtual space ensures the psychological security of the society.In this article, we have studied the issue from the perspective of media activists, communication and professors of the country's universities with a qualitative method based on in-depth interviews. The statistical population of this research includes twelve media activists and academics who have experience working or managing media. At the beginning, a list of the target group was prepared and the most experienced people were selected in the field of the research topic. After the interview, the prominent propositions were extracted and organized and analyzed in a general category, and the resulting methods were introduced in the form of four categories including governance measures, technological measures, culture building and models. Therefore, based on the obtained methods, Iranian news organizations and media audiences will be able to deal with fake content by relying on the findings of this research.

Young people's active use of social media has led to the growth of the news consumption of these media and at the same time the reduction of television news consumption among them. News networks have adopted a multi-platform approach to maintain their position in the news consumption basket of young audiences. The purpose of this research is to calculate the different production formats of these networks and their characteristics through the study of the production contents of news networks in social media in order to achieve a proposed model for the effective presence of other news networks in social media platforms. Therefore, with the help of the qualitative content analysis method and by examining the social pages of major news networks such as CNN, Al Jazeera, BBC, France 24 and Deutsche Welle, we reached a set of findings. The findings show that some of these news networks, with an active presence in social media, use three categories of "video", "image" and "creative news formats" to produce content. These networks produce and publish content and programs specific to the characteristics of each social media platform. These contents are published according to features such as caption, hashtag, aspect ratio, narration, music, cover, call to action and reaction, subtitle, mention and tag, linking, publication time, topic and source.