نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 120، May-Jun 2024)

A growing body of systematic reviews focused on interventions that help workers to overcome job burnout. This overview aimed to synthesize the results of the job burnout interventions. 

Systematic reviews were searched in databases) PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus) from inception to 2023, and included if they mentioned the results of at least one intervention, provided the details of the reviewed articles, received high scores in the quality assessment stage, and their full-text in English were available. 

Ten systematic reviews were identified that reviewed around 303 unique articles. At least 29 types of interventions were identified and categorized using narrative synthesis and thematic analysis methods. The interventions could be categorized into three main themes: precipitating-focused, emotional state-focused, and consequence-focused intervention. Each theme is further divided into change or acceptance-based interventions. 

Findings show that most interventions focused on changing the situations that cause or lead to job burnout. However, the interventions that focused on accepting emotional aspects of job burnout were the most effective programs. There are still some inconclusive results about several interventions, and some research gaps that need attention were discussed.

This study investigated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on hostile attributes and high-risk behaviors in adolescents. 

In the present study, 20 adolescents with high-risk behaviors and hostile documents who were referred to the Institute of Art Psychology in Mashhad, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Dialectical behavioral therapy was performed for 16 ninety-minute weekly sessions. The instruments used in this study were the high-risk behaviors questionnaire, hostile documents, and structured clinical interviews for clinical disorders. These questionnaires were completed by individuals in pre-test, post-test, and one month follow-up. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test. 

Based on the findings, the mean scores of hostile attributes and high-risk behaviors in the experimental group were reduced significantly compared to the controls (P< 0.05). 

Regarding the results, dialectical behavior therapy has positive effects on hostile attributes and high-risk behavior in adolescents.

The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between sensation seeking and negative affectivity in students' tendencies towards addiction.
 

The statistical population consisted of the students of Lorestan University, Iran, in the 2022-2023 academic year. We selected 384 individuals, and they fulfilled the General Self-Efficacy Scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Iranian Addiction Preparedness Scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS software, while analytical data was examined through the structural equation modeling approach with AMOS software.
 

The positive relationship between sensation seeking and negative affectivity with the tendency to use substances, as well as the indirect relationship between sensation seeking and negative affectivity through self-efficacy and the tendency to use substances, was confirmed (P= 0.001).
 

Sensation-seeking and negative affectivity increase substance use, while self-efficacy reduces it. Experts should conduct training to discourage sensation-seeking and enhance self-efficacy among university students.

Regarding the importance of investigating the relationship between insecure attachment styles and Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive (ROC) symptoms, the present study aimed to predict ROC symptoms due to insecure attachment of the anxiety and avoidance type in the student population.
 

In this descriptive and correlational research, the statistical population included all married students of Tehran universities in the academic year of 2022. The research instruments were the New Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (PROCSI), New Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI), and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). After removing the incomplete questionnaires, the data related to 111 people (17 men and 94 women) were analyzed. Simultaneous correlation and regression methods were used to analyze the data.
 

Anxious and avoidant insecure attachment can predict significantly 27% of the variance of PROCSI scores (P= 0.001). Anxious and avoidant insecure attachment can predict 29% of the variance of ROCI scores significantly (P= 0.001). Avoidant and especially anxious insecure attachment in a meaningful model was able to predict the signs of obsession with the relationship with the spouse (P< 0.01).
 

Insecure attachment is important in creating Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD). We found a relationship between self-perception and others-perception and symptoms of ROCD.

Assessing life skills in children is a preventive approach to promoting their mental health and quality of life. Regarding the lack of appropriate tools, this study aimed to develop and validate a children's Life Skills Questionnaire (LSQ). 

In this cross-sectional study in the academic year of 2022-2023, the target population included all seven-year-old children in Kerman City, Iran. Initially, the preliminary questions of the questionnaire were prepared through interviews. Then, using a cluster sampling method, 1140 seven-year-old children from different schools in Kerman were selected. We determined the validity of the questionnaire using face validity, content validity, and construct validity methods. Also, we determined the reliability of the questionnaire using internal consistency and test-retest methods. We identified the optimal cut-off point aiding Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden Index. 

The LSQ for children had acceptable face and content validity, qualitatively and quantitatively, although some questions needed revision. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire comprised 29 questions and six factors. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the six-factor model. Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.86, and its dimensions ranged from 0.71 to 0.92. The cut-off point 100 with a Youden Index of 82.10% has the highest accuracy. 

Based on the findings, the life skills questionnaire can assess the life skills of seven-year-old children.

Criminal behavior is one of the topics that has long been the focus of researchers and specialists in behavioral sciences. The present study aims to investigate the causes of criminal behavior in male prisoners of Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces, Iran.
 

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. The categories were obtained by interviewing 26 male prisoners and 10 experts and reviewing 50 articles. In addition to the interview, data and the clinical dossier of the prisoner were also considered to identify the factors contributing to criminal behavior. The sampling method in this research is purposive. Data analysis was done in 3 steps: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.
 

The main factors influencing criminal behavior include psychological, family, cultural-social, and spiritual components.
 

The results indicate that various factors play a role in the occurrence of criminal behavior, and their identification in different cultures provides the possibility of developing an educational or therapeutic intervention.

Dispositional mindfulness has yet to be examined in relation to maladjustment indicators.
 

This study established associations between dispositional mindfulness, trait hostility, lifetime aggression, and additional maladjustment indicators in a college (N= 945) and a national (N= 239) sample. We assessed the samples through an electronic survey. The college sample was collected through the Psychology Department extra credit participant pool at North Dakota State University. An abbreviated survey was administered in the national sample using a financial incentive for participation.
 

Significant differences were found between the least (below 20th percentile) mindful and remaining respondents on 19 of 31 maladjustment indices. Significant group effect sizes (d) averaged 0.49 with a high of 0.94 (prior psychiatric treatment in national sample) (P< 0.001).
 

Mindfulness was associated with propensities toward physical aggression, as indicated by multiple indicators. These results suggested that a primary concern posed by low dispositional mindfulness was hostile attitudes toward others that extended to violent acts among a smaller subset of this high-risk cohort.

Substance abuse is associated with negative impacts on mental, physical, and central nervous system processes in humans. This study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the health belief model on preventive behavior against substance use among male students.
 

This study was conducted on 260 male high school students in Khorramshahr City, Iran, in 2018. The students were selected through the random cluster sampling method and they were divided into the experimental and the control groups. They completed the Masoudi Boroujeni's questionnaire based on health belief model. The training program was held in five sessions based on the health belief model, and the post-test was held three months after the intervention. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, covariance analysis, SPSS version 20.
 

The results showed that in the post-test stage, by controlling the effect of pre-test scores, the effect of training in variables of perceived sensitivity (P< 0.001), perceived severity (P< 0.001), perceived benefits (P< 0.001) and cues to action (P< 0.001) was effective.
 

It seems that implementing an educational intervention based on the health belief model can increase the perceived threat and prevent substance use behaviors in high school students.