نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 36 (بهار 1403)

Biden organized America's Middle East policy based on "geopolitical balance". Any kind of balance can leave its impact in the regional and strategic space. The "offshore balance" strategy has been a part of America's balance and soft power mechanisms in the regional security space of the Middle East and Southwest Asia. Geopolitical balance has its roots in the strategic policy-making and national security of the United States in the third decade of the 21st century. Geopolitical balance policymaking has signs of cooperation and coalition of actors and regional countries. The main question of the article is "What are the characteristics of Biden's strategic politics in the Middle East and what effect does this have on regional security and Iran?" The hypothesis of the article states that "Biden's strategic politics will be formed based on a soft balance and based on Iran's cooperative action with regional actors, coalitionism, multilateralism, diplomatic action and constructive action." The "soft balance of the regional environment" approach has been used in the preparation of the article. Such an approach has been presented by "Susan Nasel" in explaining the needs of foreign policy and national security of the United States. Based on such a perception, any cooperative action of great powers provides the basis for the formation of balanced and constructive regional cooperation. Data analysis and content analysis methods are used to explain the article.

There have been extensive studies on the sources of soft power and the indicators and criteria for measuring these sources, but a fundamental questions surrounding the concept of soft power is the problem of the processes of converting "potential soft power" into "actual soft power", which has not been independently researched. The answers to the questions can fill the holes that exist in the process of the formation of soft power resources until the application of these resources. For the actual application of soft power in a country, it is necessary to integrate the mentioned resource and politics. Explaining the process by which some resources become the soft power of a country is a fundamental challenge. In order to present a clear view of this process by using the method of case studies, the question of the current study is set as follows: how ideology in Iran as a content for the three sources of soft power is integrated with politics and subsequently becomes the actual source of soft power. In the process of integration of ideology and politics, despite numerous political elements, the most important political element is the constitution. Iran's Constitution redefines ideology in the context of politics. Ideology plays a role in the form of three sources of soft power and a source of imposing will on another.Based on this, Iran's Constitution is considered the most important political element in the process of convergence and integration of ideology with politics and turning it into "actual soft power

In the last decade, Qatar has emerged as an active actor in the regional and international arenas and has found a special place in power equations. One of the main tools of Qatar's foreign policy has been soft power. Through various instruments of soft power, including media, sports, culture, and diplomacy, Qatar has sought to enhance its image internationally and advance its foreign policy goals. Soft power tools included three main paths among the years studied in this research: Effective media diplomacy, government branding, and foreign aid. research question: What are the most important tools of soft power in Qatar's foreign policy between 2011 - 2023? research hypothesis: Based on the findings, it is assumed that Qatar has tried to take advantage of media diplomacy, foreign aid, and government branding, and due to this policy in the past years, it has been able to gain a special position in the region and the international system. Also, Qatar's use of soft power has had a positive effect on the country's relations with Iran. Qatari media such as Al Jazeera have become a platform for dialogue between Iran and Western countries.research method The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the library method and the study of sites were mainly used to collect information.

The most important duty of theological science is to protect the religious foundations of the society. This duty is sometimes done by arguing the truth of religion, sometimes by answering doubts and, if necessary, by explaining how doubts are created and the method of doubters in the transformation of religion. The psychological operation of subversives is a mysterious and calculating movement, along with detailed planning for the use of various methods, tools and facilities, which is done to change and destroy beliefs, and turn Islamic customs and traditions against it. to lead to the destruction of the religious and moral principles governing the society, For this reason, the current research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the main components of the subversives' psychological operations in the transformation of the Islamic system and the soft power to deal with it from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The current research is developmental-applied and according to the need, the documentary-analytical method has also been used. The documents of the Supreme Leader's speech as the research community and other sources related to the research objectives have been used as research samples. Findings The subversives' psychological operations are carried out with the aim of transforming the Islamic system, and exploiting soft war is their subversive strategy. Weakening and distorting religious beliefs and its foundations is the priority of subversives for the transformation of the system.The Islamic society is able to make their efforts fruitless by strengthening soft power, offensive or defensive.

Security policy making is one of the most important security issues of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the reason for this is that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a country with its own strategic geographical position, has always been exposed to a multitude of threats at different levels in the contemporary world. Security For the security of the country and to deal with threats, it seems necessary to pay attention to the policies of how to deal with such threats in the field of security. The purpose of this research is to understand the security policy according to the top documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which were announced by the Supreme Leader. The main question is that according to the documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to what extent and to what degree is it effective and responsive to current issues in times of crises and threats? Security is used in upstream documents and it is considered as applied research, and the method used in data analysis is qualitative method. The preliminary findings of the research indicate that the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran pay special attention to security policy in all dimensions. Security policy, national security, threats and upstream documents are the things that are discussed in the twenty-year vision document and development laws, including the fifth law of development.

The jurisprudential and political thought Imam Khomeini (RAH), is considered the basis for the formation of the Islamic system and its continuation. The progressive principle of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, which is actually the center of inspiration for the soft power of the Islamic Revolution; In its Islamic ideology, the promotion of the presence of spirituality in society and politics is hidden, which was discovered, emerged and manifested in the Iranian revolution by Imam Khomeini (RAH) became the basis for the establishment of the Islamic system. The purpose of this research is to re-examine the thought of Imam (RAH) based on the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, and the main question is that, what are the inspiring models resulting from this thought of Imam Khomeini (RAH) as a source of inspiration for the soft power of the revolution?.The current research is analytical-descriptive and the data collection tool is in the form of documents.According to the findings and results, the idea of the Islamic government (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), the authority of the discussion of values and beliefs, the revival of religious identity, designing and expanding the discourse of Islamic awakening, creating a fight against the arrogance of the East and the West, creating Islamic unity and solidarity, expanding the discourse of Islamic resistance, designing the discourse of the Islamic revolution at the global level, and defending the cause of the oppressed in the world are the dimensions and models of the Islamic Revolution.