Journal of Applied Organometallic Chemistry
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Jul 2024

In this work, an efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives via a one-pot multi-component reaction of phenyl hydrazine, malanonitrile, and various aromatic aldehydes using CoFe2O4@SiO2@CPTES@Melamine as a magnetic nanocatalyst in water under room temperature conditions is reported. This nanocatalyst was synthesized in several steps and identified by various techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The advantages of using this magnetic nanocatalyst in this research include easy synthesis, efficiency, non-toxicity, high-efficiency product production, short reaction time, and reusability.

Nanotechnology has advanced over the past 40 years and shows no signs of slowing down. With the development of functional and designed nanoparticles, nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent field in science. With the aid of nanoparticles, food products may have a much longer shelf life, hydrophobic drug distribution can be improved within cells, and the effectiveness of certain treatments, such as anticancer agents, can be increased. Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with a size range of 1 to 100 nm. The key factors that determine the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are their sizes and shapes. Because of their large surface area and nanoscale size, NPs have special physical and chemical properties. Hazardous reducing agents are commonly used to reduce metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles during their synthesis. Nonetheless, there have been several attempts in recent years to develop green technology that makes nanoparticles using natural resources rather than hazardous chemicals. Because biological approaches are simple, inexpensive, safe, clean, and extremely productive, they are employed in green synthesis to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). These biosynthesized nanoparticles have a wide range of potential uses, including targeted drug delivery, DNA analysis and gene therapy, cancer treatment, biosensors, antibacterial agents, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review article, we highlighted the different methods, synthesis, application, characterization and future prospects of nanoparticles to provide a reference for further studies.

In around half a century, 1.0 × 108 tons of Phospho-gypsum have been generated and gathered in the vicinity of fertilizer manufacturers. Fifteen percent of the PG byproduct has been treated; the remaining almost eighty-five percent has been kept in storage and dumped in landfills. Generally, reducing waste disposal generally has advantages for the environment and economic growth. Therefore, the incorporation of PG into building materials is a clever way to reduce the expenses associated with producing cement and with disposing of Phospho-gypsum as radioactive and chemical waste. PG has been extensively researched for application in various industries, including soil stabilizing supplements, farming fertilizers, set controllers in cement manufacturing, and construction resources. The current study elaborated on the influence of the substitution Raw- Gypsum with treated Phospho- Gypsum on the physical and chemical characteristics of Slag Cement (CMIII/A). PG is treated at different temperatures by heating in an electrical furnace ranging from 200 to 1000 °C. The study results were validated and positively impacted the environment and cost of cement manufacturing.

In the current study, copper-oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using solution combustion method with copper (II) nitrate as the precursor and using two different fuels, urea and citric acid. The nanoparticles were synthesized at two different temperatures of 300 C and 500 C. In total, four copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. The fuel and precursors were mixed with distilled water and placed in a muffle furnace until no visible combustion was observed. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance (FTIR) spectrophotometry. These synthesized nanoparticles were investigated for their antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria; E. Coli and the results revealed that at 5 and 10 mg /mL concentrations, there was a significant zone of inhibition of 12 mm and 16 mm when compared with other tested samples.

The application of Sterculia as a catalyst in the synthesis of chalcone derivatives and the green, ecologically friendly technique of MgO particles are discussed in this work. The XRD, EDAX, FTIR, and UV methods were used to analyse bio-derived MgO particles. Chalcones were prepared as antimicrobial agents using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 1-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Sterculia catalyst. The developed substances were identified using their UV, FT-IR, mass, and 1H-NMR spectrum data, as well as elemental analysis. An appealing characteristic of the process is the one-step condensation of substituted aryl carbonyls, which allows for the synthesis of substituted chalcones in less than 3 minutes under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation, with a yield of 85-95%. The critical advantages of our study are the short period and the extraordinary output of substituted chalcones. The disc diffusion method was utilized to assess the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics of all synthesized chalcones against two-gram positive and two-gram negative bacteria, as well as two fungicides.

This study investigates the deterioration of water pipes made from two series of copper alloys, Ecobrass 1 (E1) and Ecobrass 2 (E2), when they are buried underground. Buried drinking water pipes often experience significant degradation, leading to a loss of drinking water. This degradation is influenced by climatic conditions, soil type, and the pressure due to depth. This study aims to determine the most suitable alloy for use in buried metal pipelines. The corrosion behaviour of Ecobrass in an aggressive soil environment was investigated using various methods. These included electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). Additionally, an analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction. The findings revealed that E2 had the best corrosion resistance in the aggressive soil with the lowest corrosion current density and the lowest anodic current density. The corrosion products were primarily composed of metal oxides such as Cu2O, CuO, and ZnO, with other compounds like SiO2 also present on the surface of E2. In comparison to E1, E2 demonstrated significantly better corrosion resistance in the Kenitra soil. These results provide compelling evidence to support the selection of E2 as the preferred type of Ecobrass for use in buried pipes.