نشریه فرهنگ و زیست فناوری معماری
پیاپی 13 (تابستان 1403)

For a long time, the presence of nature in the context of the place has always been considered, and one of the most important goals of the coexistence of these two has been to save energy and reduce fossil fuels, because the excessive use of these fuels has irreparable effects on the earth and its inhabitants, such as warming, environmental pollution. It has brought physical and mental diseases. In this regard, taking advantage of the patterns used in nature and following them for the effective connection between man and nature has played a significant role. The houses in the historical context of Nain have been noticed due to their unbreakable and strong connection with nature. The houses in the historical context of Nain have been noticed due to their unbreakable and strong connection with nature. In this research, it has been tried to find patterns by analyzing a number of these houses from the point of view of naturalism, and by using them, to introduce the way of dealing with nature and their presence in the architecture of houses quantitatively and qualitatively as a source of inspiration for today's architecture. Now the question is, how was the manifestation of naturalism in the traditional architecture of Iran? The research method used is interpretative-historical, qualitative and researched, despite the fact that many researches have been conducted on the modeling of nature in buildings, but so far, no research in which a different and complete classification of natural patterns used in buildings has been presented and analyzed. . The results obtained from the research show that the manifestation of environmental and natural patterns in the architectural structure of houses of ancient texture is aimed at many things such as natural phenomena, abstract inspiration from the appearance, the use of symbolic elements, the use of geometrical principles and the inherent laws of nature, the inherent aspects of nature. And it is a structural issue.

The idea of paying attention to nature as a yardstick implies comparing the performance of our designs with nature. If nature is considered as a measure, the principles found in nature can be used to evaluate the harmony and appropriateness of one's designs in the existing conditions. Therefore, today the relationship between biomimetic as a design strategy and architectural shell as a construction technique has been proposed. Both of these strategies can be implemented in the building design process to develop more sustainable projects. The findings of this research have suggested that it is expected to be considered as a model for the future generations of architects so that they implement these strategies and methods in their design process. Natural organisms are always faced with changes that they respond to through adaptations that enable them to better adapt to survive and reproduce in their environment. With these strategies, they always keep their fitness state stable. In this context, the idea of creating proportion in architecture should be shown in the design of building shells to use nature as a measure to evaluate the efficiency of its buildings.

In the direction of sustainable rural development and the enjoyment of a sustainable livelihood for the villagers, it is possible to take advantage of the complementary activities of agriculture in the villages. It provides welfare services and facilities in the context of improving the quality of life and balanced distribution in the village. On the other hand, Iran's villages have natural attractions, potential social, cultural and environmental resources and potentials, it is a commitment in the development of rural tourism. The research method is a survey with the method of analyzing strategic factors in Masuleh, which was carried out in 1401. In the present research, which uses the survey and meta-analysis method, an attempt has been made to explain the position of tourism in the development of ecotourism in Masuleh in the framework of strategic factor analysis (SWOT) in addition to evaluating and revising the approaches of rural tourism development. The findings of the research show that the type of approach in the development process of functional, strategic, structural and strategic rural tourism, along with the commitment to sustainable rural development, can be effective in the planning process of rural tourism. Also, the development of health centers and infrastructures are among the main priorities for the development of ecotourism in Masuleh.

Climate change, global energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions from energy sources (CO2 emissions from fuel combustion) have emerged as the most serious threats to humans, especially in densely populated cities. As a result, there is a need to reconnect with nature and be inspired by its mechanisms, as well as use renewable clean energy sources. Therefore, this paper presents a biomimetic approach and strategies to achieve ecological balance and create biofuel using algae in building facades, and in a case study to improve building shells with nature-inspired solutions takes into account Using mathematical calculations, energy load analysis, and interviews with experts, architects, and building occupants about this technology, it is possible to compare the performance of the building facade with the proposed algal facade for energy production. The results show that the consumption of electrical energy can be reduced by 45 to 50%, as well as the amount of carbon emissions. This study concluded that the use of algae as an element of the building shell in densely populated cities as a biomimetic architectural strategy contributes to an innovative environmental approach.

Biomechanics uses mechanical tools for anatomical studies and checking the function of vital organs. Biotechnology generally refers to a set of technologies that uses living or biological systems of plants, animals, microorganisms or special compounds derived from these systems to produce industrial goods and services. In architecture, various aspects of the application of biotechnology have been seen, and in this article, the applications of cellular-molecular and body skeleton in the design of building shells have been examined. The method of descriptive-analytical research and content analysis is that biotechnological fields of patterning of cells and bones have been analyzed and evaluated. In the end, the analysis and summary of cellular biotechnological dimensions and bone biotechnology in the design of building shells are mentioned.

With the emergence of ecological crisis and the emergence of natural environmentalism, people, by turning their attention to the natural world, hope that by studying natural ecology and life mechanisms and by discovering the harmony between man and nature and to protect the earth's ecology, artificial nature or Create your ideal natural city. Model imitation or biomimetic is a kind of imitation of models, systems and elements taken from nature, which aims to solve complex human problems. Descriptive-analytical research method and logical reasoning method is based on meta-analysis, which was the data collection tool including library and documentary studies. With the etymology of bionics and re-examining the meaning of bionics in design, this article considers bionic architecture design as a starting point and categorizes the current bionic architecture design to examine new ideas of thinking in this matter. It has been tried to arrange the way of thinking of bionic architecture by considering biology, from the three dimensions of nature, body and world, and at the same time, the similarity between the physiological structure of living organisms and the spatial structure of buildings is studied and discussed. Which is especially important for future bionic design theories and cross-field bionic research and the development of architectural bionic works.