مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1402)

Nowadays, considering the increase in the consumption of medicinal plants, there is the possibility of poisoning with some poisonous plants due to the lack of sufficient information of non-specialists regarding their toxicity. Also, not enough data exists about their antidotes, so it seems important to introduce poisonous plants and their antidotes. This library research was conducted using a descriptive and comparative method from Avicenna's book, Canon of Medicine. Moreover, phytopharmacological findings on the mechanisms of the antidote effect of plants were discussed in a comparative manner using reliable scientific internet databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, and SID. Avicenna has provided instructions for the treatment of plant poisonings, such as cleansing the digestive system from toxins via inducing vomiting, and using laxatives and enemas. To cleanse the the blood and lymph, he recommends diuretics, diaphoretics, and antidotes to neutralize the toxins. In this study, 38 poisonous plants and their antidotes were discussed. According to the findings of this research, there exist natural antidotes with minimal side effects. These antidotes have been validated for their efficacy through contemporary scientific research. Through the implementation of laboratory and clinical studies, these natural antidotes can potentially serve as primary antidotes for certain poisonous plants.

Ancient medical science is as old as human history and the history of science. Authentic documentation before Avesta is insignificant and there are few prominent scientific and civilizational institutions in the field of medicine before Jundishapur. This study endeavors to analyze the evolution of medicine and specifically Traditional Persian Medicine from the most prominent pre-Islamic civilizational institutions, namely Jundishapor, to the modern era, with an analytical approach, and to decipher the secrets of stagnation and transformation, and with the future research, to suggest the necessary and worthy developments of the present time and the next half century. Analytical historiography was used as the method to conduct this study.

One of the topics of visual perception is double vision (diplopia), in which two of a single external object are seen by a affected individuals. Ibn Sina is the first Muslim philosopher who endeavored to find the causes of this human vision disorder. The purpose of this research is to investigate the cause of double vision in Ibn Sina’s perspective. The method of this research is of a critical-analytical type, which examines double vision disorder in Ibn Sina’s perspective by referring to library sources. The factors that Ibn Sina presents to explain this phenomenon are based on the function of common sense and its role in receiving and perceiving sensory forms. The common sense is the faculty that receives perceptions of all five senses, and plays an essential role in sensory perceptions. From Ibn Sina's point of view, non-adaptation of scientific forms in it, disorders in material organs or structures, the imagination of two scientific forms of an external object and its entry into the common sense are the reasons for the occurrence of double vision disorder in humans.

Civilizational investigation of the opinions of Iranian scholars from the 3rd to the 5th century A.H., especially Avicenna, Rhazes and Al-Rohawi in different areas of physical, mental and psychic health can yield a network of opinions of these thinkers and the relationship between them in the field of spiritual health components. This will make comparative analysis of the mentioned opinions possible. Furthermore, the scope of the components and concepts of spiritual health, will be more comprehensiveness and inclusive than the existing definitions. Finally, the purpose of this research is to develop the concept and improve the definition of spiritual health based on the opinions of these three thinkers. The method of this research is of analytical-adaptive type. In the first step, the definitions of spiritual health were searched and presented from reliable databases and domestic and foreign journals. Additionally, the opinions of Avicenna, Rhazes and Al-Rohawi were extracted from their works and examined separately. Finally, the findings were analyzed according to the goals and research questions. Examining and applying opinions of Avicenna, Rhazes and Al-Rohawi in the three categories of spiritual health (cognitive, emotional and practical) showed that their opinions are more sophisticated and comprehensive compared to contemporary opinions when the concept of spiritual health was highlighted. Emphasizing the opinions of these thinkers will correct and develop the views of today's experts on the conceptual expansion of spiritual health with the aim of promoting the environmental health of the individual and the society. Simultaneous attention to the category of body and soul and the health of both, is more prominent in the works of these three scholars compared to contemporary opinions. Reviewing these opinions can help theorists in the field of spiritual health in order to develop the concepts of this category and the health of the individual and society.

Telehealth is the use of electronic information and communication technologies to transfer medical information in order to provide healthcare services and medical education, and plays a key role in healthcare. Telehealth, the use of telecommunication technologies to deliver healthcare services, has a long and fascinating history in Iran. Its roots could be traced back to 120 years ago when the first medical information was transmitted using the telegraph. Telehealth is a growing rapidly, and is expected to play an important role in the future of healthcare. It is clear that telehealth has been relatively underutilized in developing countries. The promotion of telehealth in societies will only be achieved by raising awareness, and knowledge of the opportunities and limitations of telehealth. Additionally, attention to the role of policy makers should be considered.