فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی
پیاپی 59 (پاییز 1403)

During centuries, humans, societies and political systems that move toward progression have shaped the basis of forming various sciences in favor of enhancing from current As-Is to proper To-Be situation. Sustainable development in recent years can be achieved through new definition of governance models and discussions on the new comprehensive form of governance called transcendent governance. On the other hand, emergent technologies such as blockchain has brought about transformations in businesses especially FinTech industry. Therefore, by investigating transcendent governance on one side and blockchain technology on the other side, this research aims at introducing a comparative model between dimensions of those aforementioned concepts.
The current research is carried out through a mixed method i.e. combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative method, the dimensions of transcendent governance and features of blockchain were collected based on literature review studies. The first quantitative method was Fuzzy Delphi analysis in order to determine the approval or rejection of extracted dimensions and features. In this phase, 30 experts with academic degree of Masters and above from Management (Public Administration, Startegic, Information Technology), Political Sciences, Information Technology Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering fields of study were selected to fill the correspondent questionnaire. The next quantitative method referred to extracting dimension of blockchain based on 217 experts’ opinions declared in the correspondent questionnaire, and features approved  using Exploratory Factor Analysis. This was necessary to compare transcendent governance with blockchain on the same correspondent level. After forming two sides comprising of transcendent governance and blockchain dimensions, the ISM method as the last quantitative method was carried out between these two sides to clarify the potential relations between dimensions.
In literature review, 10 dimensions including Structure, Process, Cognition and Values, Constitution, Organization and Institution, Performance Management, Policy Making, Section, International and Global Forces, Ethics- Accountability and Transparency were defined for transcendent governance. Also 13 features for blockchain including Distribution, Scalability, Network Laws, Dis-intermediation, Consensus-Orientation, Anonymity, Efficiency, Scrutiny, Reliability, Credibility, Security, Immutability and Transparency were extracted. Using Fuzzy Delphi analysis, firstly 30 experts filled the questionnaire about the correctness and coherence of transcendent governance dimensions along with blockchain features, then based on specific mathematical equations, fuzzification and defuzzification of expert’s scores were calculated. The results showed that one dimension of transcendent governance (named Section) was rejected and the rest of them were approved, and for blockchain technology, all features were approved to be applicable for further modeling. To make comparison reasonable, blockchain dimensions were extracted utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis from features based on opinions of 217 experts. As the result, the features could be integrated under 6 main dimensions named Structure, Network Expansion Process, Network Formation Process, Intra-Network Interaction, Performance Improvement, Transparency-Security. Till here, we have 9 dimensions for transcendent governance and 6 ones for blockchain technology. To clarify relations between dimensions of transcendent governance and blockchain, ISM was exerted to all dimensions. The results showed that governance Structure with blockchain Structure and Network Formation Process, governance Process with Network Expansion Process, Network Formation Process and Intra-Network Interaction, governance Cognition and Values with Intra-Network Interaction, governance Constitution with Network Formation Process and Intra-Network Interaction, governance Organization and Institution with Network Formation Process, governance Performance Management with Performance Improvement, governance Policy Making with Network Formation Process, governance International and Global Forces with Network Formation Process, governance Ethics-Accountability and Transparency with Transparency-Security,  have bilateral relations.
This research aimed at delivering a comparative model between transcendent governance – as the most comprehensive governance model- and blockchain technology. Using various qualitative and quantitative methods, dimensions of transcendent governance and features of blockchain were investigated and blockchain dimensions were extracted. The clarified connections between the two concepts’ dimensions depicted that there is a reasonable correspondent coherence between specific dimensions of each side. The concepts discussed through transcendent governance referred to necessity of structural approach in people’s participation in network confirmation, formation and expansion and their critical role here is undeniable which is also approved via blockchain features and dimensions. The process of governance is dependent on all stakeholders and elements which form the network of people with intra-network interaction and its survival is achieved due to the feature of scalability. Governance cognition and values refer to justice and equality among participants which is met by intra-network interaction and consensus-orientation. Constitution is a legal and formal document in governance which means the same as network laws. Governance organization and institution is based on cohesion, connection and alignment of elements which refers to association and alignment of elements in forming the network. Performance management of governance that is knowledge and wisdom based, is correspondent to efficiency and scrutiny of network which leads to network performance improvement. Policy making in governance works as the director and instructor of other elements and coincides network formation laws in blockchain. International and global forces can influence how the blockchain network is formed based on international laws. And finally, ethics-accountability and transparency which are crucial in transcendent governance are matched with transparency-security as a valuable dimension of blockchain. In conclusion, the reasonable bilateral relations between transcendent governance and blockchain dimensions shows that utilizing blockchain technology as a proper mean to substantiate transcendent governance is worth taking action, and it can help governors to achieve transcendent governance based and through enforcing blockchain technology in the digital governance era.

Today, the oil and gas industry is facing challenges due to its importance to the country's income generation. In the same field, studies have been conducted in the field of Iran's oil and gas industry scenarios, each of which has predicted and presented scenarios in one or more aspects. Although there are a few studies that have generally introduced the future scenarios of Iran's oil and gas, there is no comprehensive study in which a comprehensive model is presented that can determine a comprehensive model to achieve the desirable scenarios. The lack of a comprehensive model in previous studies has made it very important to pay attention to this issue. In this research, the main goal is to provide a comprehensive model to achieve the desirable scenarios for Iran's oil and gas.

To achieve this goal, the Meta-Synthesis method has been used. This method analysis past studies and includes seven steps, which were initially identified by specifying the purpose and systematic study of literature, and related articles were searched and identified. Among the 108 articles found in the last 13 years, 47 articles were selected by studying the abstract of the article to enter the next stage, and among the selected articles, 22 were the most suitable for the purpose of the research, and in them, from the scenario writing method to forecasting the future of the oil industry. and gas had been discussed, they were selected. Next, the necessary information was extracted from the articles, and the scenarios obtained in the articles were analyzed, combined, and coded. In the coding stage, four categories international communication, the future of energy, technology and innovation, and political-economic changes were identified.

The Kappa coefficient was used for quality control of the identified categories and codes. The numerical value of the Kappa coefficient using SPS software was 0.782, which indicates the reliability of the research. Also, in order to validate the results of the initial model, experts' opinions were used, and the initial model was adjusted. Finally, the comprehensive design model, results, and suggestions were presented. According to the analysis, international communication is one of the main drivers of the uncertainties affecting future scenarios for crude oil. With the increase in energy demand, instead of fossil fuels, policies of energy supply and demand management should be used, replacing wind and solar renewable energies. Also, in the category of economic and political changes, an economy dependent on oil production will weaken economic security, and sanctions as a political tool are considered a decisive action against the country. In the category of technology and innovation, risk analysis and various uncertainties that can exist in the field of technology and innovation in the oil and gas industry, as well as the discussion of flexibility and a time schedule for applying the desired technology, should be considered. In addition, the existing equipment, methods, and technologies should also be standardized with advanced technical knowledge to increase the storage capacity of tanks, develop new pipelines, and strengthen the pressure of gas tanks with the aim of entering international markets.

To achieve the main objective of this research, a comprehensive review of the literature revealed that no existing model covers all aspects of the oil and gas industry. Therefore, a systematic literature review and meta-synthesis method were employed to develop a comprehensive model for optimal scenarios in Iran’s oil and gas industry. Initially, relevant articles were identified using appropriate keywords, resulting in 108 articles. After reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 22 relevant articles were selected for detailed study. These articles were coded, yielding 72 codes, of which 8 were discarded, leaving 64 validated codes. These codes were grouped into 15 themes, which were categorized into 4 main categories. Consequently, a comprehensive model was proposed, encompassing four categories: economic changes, energy changes, international communications, and technology and innovation. In the energy changes category, due to the increasing global demand for energy and the inability of neighboring countries to meet this demand, there will be a significant need for Iran’s gas market. As a result, energy intensity levels will rise, and the status of other energy sources, as well as energy consumption patterns and culture, will

The use of artificial intelligence algorithms in public sectors is increasingly expanding. At the same time, there are still concerns about the social responsibility of using intelligent agents, such as transparency, accountability and fairness in governmental and academic communities. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to develop a theorical model that includes the requirements for the design of explainable artificial intelligence systems in Human-Artificial Intelligence interaction for decision making. The most important issue is understanding how the system reaches a decision by users, which can be investigated. Because as much as human decision-makers are expected to provide explanations (explain) about their decisions, artificial intelligence systems can also be asked to explain proposed solutions. In turn, this topic provides prescriptive knowledge for system designers to create new insights for users by considering the linkage of user information with various sources through the use of artifacts. Therefore, the scope of this research is the enhancement of intelligence in which artificial intelligence models provide recommendations for human users. According to these cases, the research’s goel is to identify the descriptive and prescriptive knowledge required for designing a class of recommender systems based on human-artificial intelligence interaction. To achieve this goal, it is borrowed from the theory of ability to specify the relationships between the extracted categories. Finally, it is discussed how these requirements are used in design cycles.

A Mixed methods research designs: Action design rsearch and Fuzzy delphi method and interpretive structural modeling approach used to develop and evaluate the design principles of that. We follow the design research developed by Mlarki et al. The General Department of Revision of Laws and Regulations in the Legal Department of the Judiciary has been selected as the context of research. The participants of this research are professionals from the General Department of Revision of Laws and Regulations and the Information Technology Center, who together with researchers (supervisors and students) constitute the research team, which is a total of 15 people. Using the triangulation technique, data have been collected from different sources. And data analysis was done in two steps: in the first step, by continuous refining the concepts, the extracted components were aggregated in theoretical dimensions. Also, a data structure was created by combining concepts, components and dimensions. In the second step, the research lens was used to develop the theory.

The research develops a framework that conceptualizes the characteristics of explainable artificial intelligence systems that include of understanding capability, governance capability, persuasion capability, predictive (descriptive) accuracy, transparency and usefulness.  These characteristics classified in two dimensions. The affordance dimension includes the ability to understand, the ability to rule, and the ability to persuade. The actualization dimension includes the features of accuracy of prediction, transparency and usefulness. In addition, the model can explain the mechanism of enhancing intelligence in human-artificial intelligence interaction. Therefore, we proposed following propositions in designing explainable artificial intelligence system for humans -artificial intelligence interaction:1) understanding capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 2) governance capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 3) persuasion capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 4) transparency of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; and 5) the accuracy of prediction of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing. Finally, from the indiscernibility aspect, the findings of this research emphasize the explainable algorithmic activities and increase the understanding and persuasiveness abilities of users through the feature of algorithmic transparency. Since it is difficult to assess indiscernibility. In other words, algorithm-based decision-making process is understandable for some and not understandable for others. The design requirements of this research are a practical guide for clarifying the algorithmic activity in policy-making according to the user understanding and the purpose of use of artificial intelligence.

We argued that users and artifacts create an affordance in each other that lead to learning. Accordingly, the following can be considered as the theoretical contribution of this research. First, through developing a theoretical model, we established the mechanism of designing systems based on human-artificial intelligence interaction. In addition, from a human-oriented perspective, we identify the characteristics that users need to enhance intelligence which are: capability of understanding, capability of governance, and capability of persuasion; Second, it provides knowledge about the solution space. In other words, the intelligent agent actualized the user's affordance through the accuracy of prediction and transparency; Next, we provide sets of requirements for the implementation of human-artificial intelligence systems. These set of requirements in a theoretical model, constitute a guide for the artificial systems design principles in organizations, which has been the main concern of prior research; and finally, we showed that the design of Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) interaction systems for decision making is not only technical, but also technical, social and organizational elements are intertwined in different cycles, which correspond to three related and interdependent aspects of AI management, i.e. automation, learning, indiscernibility: In terms of automation, the findings of this research showed that the policy-making functions cannot be coded. As a result, AI automation is constraining and AI should be tools to augmentation. In other hand, augmentation can be automated, so augmentation can become automatic over time. Accordingly, artificial intelligence tools can automate policy-making processes through the features of transparency and predictive accuracy that needed for policy maker's affordance, i.e. the ability to understand, the ability to rule, and the ability to persuade. In terms of learning, the findings of this research have emphasized the capacity of machine learning algorithms for semantic search to increase the accuracy of artificial intelligence prediction.

It is important to measure the performance of companies and determine the factors affecting them in the economic decisions of market participants and stakeholders. For this reason, since the past decades, the issue of measuring the performance and ranking of companies has been taken into consideration by many researchers. This research is analytical and descriptive. Also, this research is applied and quantitative. The purpose of this research is to measure and evaluate the performance and rating of insurance companies based on the performance index level. Also, in this research, the effect of macroeconomic variables (such as Exchange Rate, consumer price index, and GDP per Capita) on the change of position and rank of companies during the period of 2017 to 2022 is investigated. Performance micro-indicators include liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, and market value ratios.

In this research, the effect of changing the rating of insurance companies over time is analyzed with the approach of variance analysis and the combined data regression model, and the status of the rating of the companies is described from the perspective of performance from 2015 to 2014. Therefore, this research is analytical and descriptive as well as practical. In this research, 23 active insurance companies whose trading symbols are on the Tehran Stock Exchange and whose data were available are considered, and the time period from the beginning of each company's entry to the stock exchange is from 1395 to 1400. Because some companies have entered the stock market in recent years, this time frame has been set for the rating of insurance companies. After aggregating the micro-indicators with the I-Distance method in the R software environment, the performance ranking of 23 active insurance companies in the stock market has been done. Two-factor analysis of variance (Anova) and combined data regression model (Panel Data) have been used to investigate the reasons for the change in the rating of insurance companies.

The ranking results show that the performance status of a number of companies has improved in 2022 compared to 2017, but the performance of other companies has not improved. The results of two-factor variance analysis of companies' performance level show that both company fixed effects and year change effects are effective in changing the ranking of companies.

According to the results of analysis of variance, both company fixed effects and year change effects are effective in changing the ranking of companies. The effects of the change of year can be due to changes in macroeconomic variables (such as exchange rate, inflation rate and annual income and even income distribution inequality), which the results of the regression model test also confirm this issue. Exchange rate changes cause changes in the prices of goods and services, inputs and outputs and in this way, it affects the expected current and future cash flows and the stock returns of the economic enterprise. At Indeed, the exchange rate change brings a series of different and even contradictory changes in the foreign and domestic sectors of the economy has the result of which can affect the performance of companies positively or negatively. Decreasing price stability on the one hand brings the risk of stagnation and on the other hand many psychological and social effects, so that increasing inflation can upset the balance between any value and cause losses to the parties of any transaction. For example, one of the types of effects of inflation can be seen as its time effect, in such a way that the longer a transaction takes, the greater the effect of inflation on it. Accordingly, the insurance industry is also not immune from the effects of inflation due to its wide connection with other macroeconomic sectors. The insurance penetration rate has a direct relationship with the GDP per capita. With a decrease in GDP per capita, which means a decrease in the purchasing power of the general public, the amount of demand for insurance products at the community level decreases, and on the contrary, with an increase in the GDP per capita, the amount of demand for insurance by the general public and the economy increases. One of the goals and benefits expected from the supervision of insurance companies is to strengthen the risk management system and focus on preventive measures. Therefore, supervisory institutions in each country use tools to monitor insurance companies. Supervisors monitor insurance companies' risk exposure using key performance indicators. Therefore, the supervisory body can adjust the risk-taking level of insurance companies based on the performance evaluation results. If a company has a high risk score and on the other hand the company's market share is high, this will mean a serious problem for the insurance industry.

The conditions in which organizations are operating today are constantly changing and evolving and are full of various fluctuations and challenges. For example, a variety of events such as natural hazards, political unrest, economic instability and human errors can severely threaten the performance of organizations. The question that comes to mind is why some organizations, despite these incidents, still remain strong and continue their growth path, and some others are unable to face the environmental risks and are condemned in the same conditions. Will they fail? What is the secret of success and the distinguishing feature of such organizations? Since there is a significant competition between various organizations active in a specific industry and field, it is obvious that whatever an organization endeavors to increase the level of adaptability, flexibility and improve the level of tolerance, and tries to overcome difficult situations and various fluctuations that it faces on a daily basis, it will perform better in the field of competition with other organizations. For this reason and due to the necessity of achieving sustainable survival and success, many organizations have revised their business priorities and focused on adapting to business changes and responding appropriately to environmental requirements. In other words; It is very important to improve the level of adaptability of organizations in order to be prepared to face changes and overcome fluctuations and survive in the field of competition. In order to achieve this important goal, a new concept called organizational resilience has entered management science. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between organizational transparency and organizational resilience with the mediating role of friendship in the workplace. 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and follows the positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach in which the organizational transparency component as an independent variable, the organizational resilience is dependent variable, and the workplace friendship acts as a mediating variable. Dimensions of organizational transparency are also mentioned as effective factors on organizational resilience. The statistical population of this research is made up of 300 official employees, direct contract and third parties in Isfahan Gas Company. In this research, the sampling method is Stratified-random proportional that based on the formula 5q≤n≤15q, a sample between 225 and 675 people should be studied. Therefore, according to the size of the statistical population under investigation; 270 questionnaires were distributed among which 250 questionnaires answered and analyzed. The data was collected using a questionnaire containing 45 items, which its reliability has been confirmed through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, its construct validity through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique, and its content validity according to the perspective of experts in the relevant field. The questions consist of three questionnaires of Rawlins' organizational transparency (2008), organizational resilience questionnaire of Prayag et al. (2018) and workplace friendship questionnaire of Kohan et al. (2016). Five-point Likert scale were used to answer the questions.

The environment in which organizations are operating today is an unstable environment that always threatens the survival of organizations. In such a situation, organizations should identify factors that encourage their employees to continue working in the organization in critical conditions and seek to make the entire organization more resilient. The phenomenon of organizational transparency helps employees to know everything they need to know, and in this way, it can save people from uncertainty at high levels in critical situations. On the other hand, expanding the fields of creating friendship in the workplace can provide reasons for the growth of employees' psychological capacities and force them to be resilient in adverse conditions and remain loyal to the organization and its goals. Based on the obtained results, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between organizational transparency and organizational resilience. Also, the findings confirmed the mediating role of friendship in the workplace on the relationship between organizational transparency and organizational resilience. 

Organizational resilience is one of the most important requirements to achieve sustainable survival and success in today's competitive environment. One of the most effective tools to achieve this goal is organizational transparency. The results of this research can help managers in understanding the strategies that help or prevent these behaviours. At the end, it was suggested to the relevant experts in the studied statistical population to help the emergence and strengthening of the phenomenon of organizational resilience, using strategies to increase organizational transparency and friendship in the workplace with the aim of benefiting from its countless advantages.

Despite the significant role of exports in the development of the country's economy and the increasing penetration of digital technologies in businesses, there are still many obstacles and challenges to the use of digital technologies, such as management challenges, lack of sufficient capacity to use new technologies, infrastructural barriers, and sanctions especially for Iranian firms and for SMEs, etc. Also, the smaller the scale of these companies, the higher the risk they will face. In another word, the competitive environment and political and economic problems become more complicated for exporting firms and young SMEs, and low-experienced ones. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct some local research in this field due to the relative lack of existing research. Therefore, the question arises whether the digitalization of companies, despite those limitations and challenges, has been able to affect export performance, and if the answer is yes, how this effect has been. Thus, our main goal is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of digitalization on export performance and evaluate the mediating role of export readiness among SMEs. Focusing on SMEs internationalization among the Iranian companies in this research is considered an innovative matter. 

This research is considered as an applied one. To design the questionnaire, after library studies and a review of available documents, the interviewes have been done with several university academics and export experts. After applying their opinion, a questionnaire was designed as a data collection tool. Then the validity and reliability of this questionnaire were checked and approved. The statistical population of this research is all Iranian small and medium-sized companies that are active in the field of export and have experience using at least one of the e-commerce processes, including buying, selling, transferring, and exchanging goods or providing information through the Internet. Due to the lack of a specific database of export SMEs, 70 SMEs were specified as the statistical sample size according to the opinion of some academics. The sampling method in this research was non-random and the questionnaire was distributed among 70 available export companies. Respondents to the questionnaire were considered to be one representative of each company. Therefore, the measurement units in this research are companies. After collecting the data, the structural equation method was used to explain the theoretical model and analyze the research assumptions. SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 3 were used for analyzing data.

The results of collecting the responses of 70 export SMEs showed that the average value of main variables were upper than half (2.5<) and Digitalization was equal to 2.94, export readiness was equal to 3.16, and export performance was equal to 2.68. Additionally, the digitalization components were correlated with export readiness and export performance. Furthermore, all factor loadings were 95% significant. Then we find out that digitalization has direct and indirect effects on export performance. However, the amount of indirect effect through the mediation of the role of export readiness has been higher. It was also confirmed that digitalization strengthens export readiness and strengthening export readiness leads to increased export performance.

In the context of the direct impact of digitalization on export performance, the results showed that despite the challenges such as management challenges, enforced sanctions, and other export obstacles that companies especially small and medium-sized ones are faced, digitalization has been able to directly increase their export performance. Also, the effect of digitalization on export performance was confirmed indirectly. The findings of this research confirmed that digitalization in the four dimensions of digital infrastructure, e-commerce, electronic business processes, and digital marketing has been able to improve the export readiness of companies in the fields of management capability, employee competence, access to more financial resources, knowledge management and application of lessons learned and previous experiences in export, competitive advantage in international markets, level of technical knowledge and expertise, ability to analyze financial issues, international marketing performance (in the field of branding, advertising, negotiation, pricing, and distribution), logistics, and access to statistics and information. On the other hand, those companies that had higher export readiness showed higher export performance. Based on this, export readiness has been able to play a mediating role in the relationship between digitalization and export performance. However, regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of digitalization in two direct and indirect ways on export performance, the findings of the research indicate that this relationship was stronger indirectly and through the mediating role of export readiness. Since the effectiveness of digitalization on export performance is stronger through the indirect route and the mediating role of export readiness, managers should keep in mind that if planning for digitalization is done to strengthen each of the components related to export readiness, it can have a greater impact on the export their business perform. To localize and develop the current model, researchers can repeat the research separately for different industries and regions and check the effect of digitalization on export performance for each condition.

In recent years, Health tourism has been ever-increasing expansion, so in some countries of the world, it has become a strategic issue to increase the prestige of that country, develop new related technologies, attract investment, and attract tourists from different countries of the world. The increasing importance of health tourism has made governments interested in using and benefiting from the economic benefits of this industry, and this has led to increasing competition of countries to attract health tourists among countries. Iran also has excellent potential and actual capacities to expand the health tourism industry in the region and even the world. Low treatment costs and experienced medical doctors are among the actual existing capacities and the existences of original tourism areas such as Kish Island are among the potential capacities in this field. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the strategic factors affecting the development of health tourism in Kish Island as a hub for providing various types of tourism services in Iran.

This research was done using a mixed exploratory method. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of 15 health experts who were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. In the quantitative part, the findings were evaluated by 158 health experts. In conducting the analysis of the data in the qualitative part of our research, we utilized the thematic analysis method in three general stages. Meanwhile, in the quantitative part, we used factor analysis and structural equations for evaluation purposes. The research findings were classified into three levels of open, central, and selective coding, with the necessary evaluations carried out to ensure the validity of the obtained results.

The results led to the identification of 144 basic themes. These basic themes were categorized into five strategic areas, including the capacity of Kish Island, economic factors, infrastructural factors, organizational and legal factors, and finally cultural factors. These strategic factors were classified into three main categories including causal factors (capacity of Kish Island, economic factors, infrastructure factors), contextual factors (organizational and legal factors), and intervening factors (cultural factors). In terms of the capacity of Kish Island, economic factors and infrastructure factors, among the identified factors, seven factors of natural attractions and pristine beaches, low tourism costs, unique recreational places, the geographical and strategic location of the island, existence of favorable tourism infrastructure, the existence of well-equipped hotels with high reception capacity, the existence of numerous flight and transportation lines, no need for visas for foreign Iranians, and access to international waterways were approved by experts. In terms of economic factors, among the identified factors, six factors are government support and financial support for the development of health tourism, reforming the banking system and supporting the country's banking system for the development of the health tourism industry, insurance facilities for foreign tourists, lifting sanctions and expanding communications, foreign facilities and encouraging companies investing in health tourism and tax exemption for the development of health tourism activities were approved. In terms of cultural factors, factors of ensuring the social security of tourists, setting up health tourism agencies in public places (airports, embassies, medical centers, etc.), extensive advertising at the national and international level to introduce the opportunities of Kish Island in the field of health tourism, inviting representatives of other countries to visit the island and introduce health tourism development opportunities, advertisements using well-known and famous people from abroad, detailed and documented planning in line with the development of marketing in the target countries, preparing investment packages for investors and getting to know them with investment opportunities, a platform for dialogue with private companies through specialized platforms and virtual networks, meetings and collaboration with domestic and foreign experts and officials in line with the development of the health tourism industry were approved. In terms of organizational and legal factors using the capacity of the private sector to develop health tourism, developing private sector partnerships to improve the health tourism industry based on soft technologies, formation of expert planning team for advertising and marketing purposes, detailed plans for the development of the island's health tourism industry, determining the needs of health tourism users and prioritizing them, cooperation between health ministry organizations and embassies to develop the health tourism industry, consensus and integrity in the decisions of organizations in the field of health tourism, establishing laws approved by the Ministry of Health and the Parliament, removing cumbersome laws in the field of health tourism, Simplifying and clarifying the laws established to attract foreign tourists, facilitating the issuance of tourist visas and amending the laws governing the society and removing legal restrictions for foreign tourists were approved. In terms of infrastructure, six factors providing up-to-date and diverse services and equipment in hospitals and medical centers, equipping hospitals and hotels for the recovery period of foreign patients, taking advantage of the experiences of first-tier countries in the direction of health tourism development, using of nurses with experience working abroad, acquaintance of health tourism industry personnel with the culture and language of different countries and creating infrastructure for accommodation of non-resident doctors were approved.

In various domestic and foreign research, one or more effective factors in the formation and development of the health tourism industry have been mentioned. However in this comprehensive research, the results show a wide range of seemingly unrelated factors that should be taken into consideration by the stakeholders due to the special sensitivity of health tourism, especially by tourists who consider their health as their most important asset. It is necessary to adopt the necessary approach based on the identified effective strategic factors for the development of health tourism from the officials and managers of the country and Kish Island to tourism agencies and doctors.

Despite the great importance of family businesses in generating wealth and sustainable employment, however, these types of businesses need new approaches and tools to survive in the current business environment, which is associated with particular complexity and dynamics. This new approach is called "open innovation" as a new paradigm. Open innovation is also defined as the use of internal and external knowledge to accelerate the company's internal innovation. Nowadays, along with the trend of globalization, the rapid growth of new technologies and the high influence of emerging phenomena such as networks and social media, home businesses are forced to use new tools such as open innovation to maintain their survival and gain a competitive advantage. In this regard, the main goal of the current research is to provide a framework for the formation of open innovation in home businesses.

Despite the great importance of home-based businesses in generating wealth and sustainable employment, however, these types of businesses need new approaches and tools to survive in the current business environment, which is associated with particular complexity and dynamics. This new approach is called "open innovation" as a new paradigm. Open innovation is also defined as the use of internal and external knowledge to accelerate the company's internal innovation. Nowadays, along with the trend of globalization, the rapid growth of new technologies and the high influence of emerging phenomena such as networks and social media, home businesses are forced to use new tools such as open innovation to maintain their survival and gain a competitive advantage. In this regard, the main goal of the current research is to provide a framework for the formation of open innovation in home businesses.

After analyzing the themes and coding the interviews, the influencing factors on the implementation of open innovation in home businesses in the form of 50 basic themes, six organizing themes and three global themes "inclusive innovation", "knowledge flow capacity building" and "technical and knowledge advantage creation" were identified and tagged. Comprehensive re-creation is said to integrate and reconstruct the internal and external relations of a business unit in order to achieve cooperation and synergy. This theme has two dimensions "exogenous participation and coordination" and "endogenous cooperation and interactions" in the field of home businesses. The capacity building of the knowledge flow refers to the creation of individual capabilities and the cultural background needed for the development of knowledge, innovation and their application, which is made of two themes "development of individual capabilities" and "knowledge-oriented culture creation". In order to complete the comprehensive regeneration cycle, it is very important to pay attention to "creating technical and knowledge advantages". Technical and knowledge advantage creation refers to how knowledge and technology are managed with the aim of creating, sharing and applying knowledge and technology in the business complex. The creation of technical and knowledge advantage is the emphasis on "technological capability measurement" and "knowledge co-creation" that can empower home businesses in the formation of innovation.

According to the findings, in the process of open innovation, participation with the main actors of family businesses such as entrepreneurs, customers, competitors, suppliers, universities is very effective in supporting the owners of ideas and maintaining intellectual and intellectual property. In addition, emphasis on teamwork along with focusing on customer experience, development of entrepreneurial and innovation culture, knowledge sharing and continuous use of virtual space capacities can be a suitable tool for the successful implementation of open innovation in home businesses. Creating culture is defined as the rules and behavior that guide the behavior of employees and business owners; Therefore, it is very important to create a culture that fits the characteristics of each business because it affects the requirements for success. These requirements include customer service, efficiency, innovation, product reliability and quality. Another effective tool in the formation of open innovation in home businesses is paying attention to the category of knowledge-oriented culture. In this regard, the development of the culture of innovation and entrepreneurship along with the development of institutions that help produce innovation and creativity such as science and technology parks and incubators along with material and non-material support from the government can provide the main basis for the successful entry of home businesses into the field of open innovation. It is practically not possible to be present in emerging markets without paying attention to flexibility and innovative mentality along with risk acceptance. In this regard, home businesses can facilitate the process of attracting and supporting idea owners by developing factors that can increase risk acceptance and make the business environment suitable, and thus improve the capacity of forming open innovation in their businesses.

Performance evaluation is an important measure to improve the performance of organizations. One of the most useful methods in evaluating the performance and rating of the insurance industry is the DEA method. The basic models of DEA, despite having many advantages, also have disadvantages. The main defects of these methods are not paying attention to internal processes, not taking into account expert opinions and not fully ranking the units. The integrated model of two-stage DEA and BWM considers the internal process and experts' opinion in the ranking process, but this model is not always able to completely rank the units. By adding an ideal virtual unit to the integrated model of two-stage DEA and BWM, this research has simultaneously fixed the three aforementioned problems and developed the model. Adding the ideal virtual unit to the integrated model makes the ranking of the units complete and provides better results. In a case study, 36 representatives of selected insurance companies in Yazd province were evaluated and ranked using the developed model. At the end, the management strategies to improve the performance of each of the insurance company's agencies were stated.

In the present world, the advanced technologies and new marketing concepts, made most companies struggle to focus on and gain to customer needs as best they can. This also have made most companies focus on their marketing strategy and value creation and trying for improved performance. The inbound marketing strategy and relationship marketing are the strategy of growing organization by building meaningful, lasting relationships with customers. It is about valuing and empowering these people to reach their goals at any stage in their journey with organization. Thus according to this strategy, company goal is to attract new prospects, engage with them at scale, and delight them individually. The present study aims to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between inbound marketing strategy, relationship marketing and Customers engagement The Mediating Role of Customer Engagement and Brand Trust in Melat Bank in Isfahan. The study is applied in terms of purpose. This structural equation modeling-based descriptive survey explains Inbound Marketing Strategy, Relationship Marketing and Brand Loyalty. The Mediating Role of Customer Engagement and Brand Trust in Melat Bank in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study consisted of customers of Mellat bank in Isfahan, Using the convenient sampling method by Cochran's formula, 360 customers were selected as the research sample. The research conceptual model was identified by reviewing books, documents, articles, theses, databases, and internet networks. To verify the questionnaire reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and compositional reliability. The research data were analyzed using SPSS.28 and AMOS.22 and structural equation modeling. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares method has been used, which is one of the approaches to structural equation modeling, and that has been done using AMOS.22 software. Furthermore, the research’s main hypothesis testing also revealed that, inbound marketing strategy on customer engagement, while relationship marketing had influenced on both of customers engagement and brand trust. In addition, the results of testing the hypotheses of study refer to, customers engagement impacted on both brand trust and brand loyalty. In addition, brand trust influenced brand loyalty. According to bank Melat managers, to reach their audience and , start by creating and publishing content such as blog articles, content offers, and social media, that provide value. Examples include guides on how to use their products, information about how their solution can solve challenges, customer testimonials, and details about promotions or discounts. To attract customers trust and loyalty of brand and achieving their engagement on a deeper level through inbound marketing and relationship marketing, optimize all of this content with an search engine optimization strategy by define target specific keywords and phrases related to products or services, the challenges they solve for customers, and the ways they help target audience members. This will allow their content and information to organically appear on the search engine results page for the people who are searching for this information also known as their target audience or the right customers for their business. In addition When bank melat managers using inbound strategies to engage their audience, ensure they’re communicating and dealing with leads and customers in a way that makes them want to build long-term relationships with them. Incorporating thoughtful, well-timed chat bots and surveys to assist, support, and request feedback from customers is a great way to delight these people. Bots and surveys should be shared at specific points in time throughout the customer’s journey to ensure they make sense and are of value. Social media listening is another important strategy when it comes to delighting customers. Social media followers may use one of profiles to provide feedback, ask questions, or share their experience with products or services. Respond to these interactions with information that helps, supports, and encourages followers this shows they hear and care about them.

The accuracy of strategies employed to capitalize on environmental opportunities and maintain the competitive strength of organizations depends on the implementation of an appropriate strategic control system. The objective of the present study is to explain and assess a model of strategic control in the saffron industry. The research methodology employed a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population for the qualitative phase comprised all active managers in the saffron industry, with theoretical saturation achieved through interviews with 12 of them. In the quantitative phase, all active experts in this industry were considered the statistical population to test the final model. The minimum sample size for this phase was 59, based on statistical power criteria of 80% and a significance level of 5%, with an effect size of 0.25. Ultimately, data were collected from 63 experts. From the qualitative analysis of the interviews, 27 selected categories were extracted. Finally, by employing the systematic approach of grounded theory, the identified codes were classified into six core categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes surrounding the central phenomenon of the "strategic control model of the saffron industry." In the quantitative phase, the final model was tested using the partial least squares (PLS) approach with Smart PLS4 software. According to the results, causal conditions affect the central phenomenon with a coefficient of 0.534; the central phenomenon itself with a coefficient of 0.312; contextual and intervening conditions with coefficients of 0.346 and 0.297, respectively, influence the strategies. Finally, the strategies impact the outcomes with a coefficient of 0.433.

Using communication and effective activity within business networks in a competitive environment is vital for all production and service organizations. Membership in business networks in this increasingly competitive environment offers many opportunities to companies. The main goal of this research is to test the set of factors affecting the effective activity in the business network in Iran's food industry. The resulting research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of its nature. The statistical population of this research are senior and middle managers of companies active in the food industry. The number of sample members is 205 senior and middle managers of food industry companies active in Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data. In the analysis of the collected data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of the structural equation model and related tests have been performed using SmartPLS software. The results show that among the 8 factors of resource sharing, common vision, trust, commitment, partner selection, information technology, company flexibility and network competence, two factors of company flexibility and network competence have a significant effect on the effective activity of companies in the business network in Iran, and this the effect is positive. Also, network competence has a greater impact than flexibility. In general, it can be concluded that the flexibility of companies and the competence of the network have a significant effect on the effective activity of companies in the business network.